scholarly journals Rural Adaptation to Climate Change: New Findings and Existing Knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Jikun Huang ◽  
◽  
Jinxia Wang ◽  
Kim Khoi Dang ◽  
Herb Plunkett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Market Signals ◽  
New Findings ◽  
New Research ◽  
Adaptation Options

This paper discusses the results of new research at the farm level regarding farmers’ responses to climate change. These results are placed in the context of existing literature. The topics include the benefits of adaptation, the forms of adaptation, and the drivers of adaptation such as land tenure, water allocation systems, the operation of labor markets, and the extent of social capital. Moreover, this paper examines farmers’ responses to market signals as they consider adaptation options and the connections of these options with infrastructure quality. It also reviews policy options that support adaptation.

scholarly journals Determinants of Adaptation to Climate Change: A Gendered Analysis from Bahi and Kondoa Districts, Dodoma Region, Tanzania

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Okuli William Swai
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Land Size ◽  
Adaptation Options ◽  
Main Factor

Although various long term adaptation measures are currently implemented by farmers to adapt to the effects of climate change in Tanzania, information regarding factors determining choice of adaptation options between men and women is scarce. A gendered analysis was done to analyze determinants of adaptation to climate change in Bahi and Kondoa Districts, Dodoma Region, Tanzania. A cross-sectional research design was adopted whereby the data was collected from a sample of 360 respondents, 12 focus groups and 18 key informants. Analysis of quantitative data involved descriptive statistics and multinomial logit model using Nlogit 3.0 and qualitative data were summarized by using content analysis. Results revealed that the main occupation and land size were the main factors that determined adaptation options for men during food shortage while for women, the main factor was marital status. The village/location of respondents was the main factor that determined climate change adaptation option for women to adapt crops to climate change whereas, for men, access to agricultural knowledge was the main factor that encouraged men to use improved seeds, manure and deep cultivation, instead of selecting and keeping enough seeds for the next season. It is concluded that factors determining choice of climate change adaptation between men and women are not the same, emphasizing the need for gender differentiated interventions to promote climate change adaptation. Thus, planners and policy makers from Agriculture, Livestock and Environment sectors; Tanzania NAPA and other development practitioners dealing with climate change should use gender sensitive interventions to manage climate change.

scholarly journals Applying Participatory Action Research Methods in Community-Based Adaptation With Smallholders in Myanmar

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson John Barbon ◽  
Chan Myae ◽  
Rene Vidallo ◽  
Phyu Sin Thant ◽  
Emilita Monville-Oro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Adaptation Options

The effects of climate change to agriculture being largely location specific, it is crucial that adaptation measures recognize the value of targeted, context-specific, community-based strategies and processes. This research deployed participatory action research relying on a diverse range of socio-technical methods for facilitating community-level adaptation in climate-smart villages. Smallholder farms in four unique agro-ecologies in Myanmar were targeted. Results and insights from the 3-year, participatory action research effort chronicle how the climate-smart village approach was implemented in the four targeted climate-smart villages (CSVs). The key support systems needed for effective community engagement in implementing the CSVs are discussed. Social learning helped nurture capacities of farmers to find solutions and test and improve adaptation options. Using a combination of socio-technical processes, smallholder farmers, researchers, and facilitators improved their understanding of climate change, drivers of vulnerability, and coping activities. With this knowledge and understanding, the farmers in the CSVs identified a menu of adaptation options that they would test and adopt (and scale). This “portfolio approach” to deriving adaptation options ensured that there were opportunities for men, women, and landless households to participate in the community adaptation process. This approach allowed farmers to determine what was their preferred entry point. Invariably, such approaches nurture incremental adaptation with associated incremental learning. The research suggests that land tenure regimes influence the nature of the adaptation options and their eventual uptake. In villages with high incidence of landlessness, the adaptation options were limited to homesteads, the small patch of land around the household dwelling. A more secure tenure status provided farmers with freedom to engage in diversified and long-term production systems. Poverty and wealth levels of households were other factors influencing the uptake of adaptation options, especially those aimed at diversifying production for reduced risks.

Employing the enhanced Regional Tourism Sustainable Adaptation Framework with a case study of climate change vulnerability in Mombasa, Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-71
Author(s):  
Joseph Muiruri Njoroge ◽  
Beate MW Ratter ◽  
Lucy Atieno ◽  
Innocent M Mugabe
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Weak Institutions ◽  
Regional Tourism ◽  
Regional Dynamics ◽  
The City ◽  
Adaptation Options

This paper attempts to provide an empirical application of the enhanced Regional Tourism Sustainable Adaptation Framework using a case study of Mombasa Kenya. Climate variability is a challenge to tourism destinations, especially coastal and Island destinations, categories under which Mombasa, our study site falls under. Mombasa has limited capacity to adapt to climate change considering its socio economic conditions and weak institutions, thus making it necessary to explore the possible sustainable pathways for the city using the enhanced Regional Tourism Sustainable Adaptation Framework. Earlier frameworks for tourism adaptation to climate change lacked focus on regional dynamics as well as sustainability aspects, and their implementation pose the risk of mal adaptation to some extent. Using secondary data and data from interviews with tourism stakeholders in Mombasa, the enhanced Regional Tourism Sustainable Adaptation Framework guides our assessment of vulnerability and resilience of the destination, as well as identification of region specific adaptation options for the city within the context of sustainable practice. Based on climate change perceived impacts, risks and vulnerability various adaptation options are presented and discussed as provided in literature. The usefulness of the framework in guiding regional tourism destination managers and policy makers in their pursuit for a regional adaptation options within the tourism sector in order to reduce destinations vulnerability, increase resilience and take advantage of opportunities presented by climate change is underscored.

scholarly journals The effect of climate information in pastoralists’ adaptation to climate change

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Nkuba ◽  
Raban Chanda ◽  
Gagoitseope Mmopelwa ◽  
Edward Kato ◽  
Margaret Najjingo Mangheni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Climate Information ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pastoral Households

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effect of using indigenous forecasts (IFs) and scientific forecasts (SFs) on pastoralists’ adaptation methods in Rwenzori region, Western Uganda. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using a household survey from 270 pastoralists and focus group discussions. The multivariate probit model was used in the analysis. Findings The results revealed that pastoralists using of IF only more likely to be non-farm enterprises and livestock sales as adaptation strategies. Pastoralists using both SF and IF were more likely to practise livestock migration. Research limitations/implications Other factors found to be important included land ownership, land tenure, gender, education level, non-farm and productive assets, climate-related risks and agricultural extension access. Practical implications Increasing the number of weather stations in pastoral areas would increase the predictive accuracy of scientific climate information, which results in better adaptive capacity of pastoralists. Active participation of pastoral households in national meteorological dissemination processes should be explored. Social implications A two-prong approach that supports both mobile and sedentary pastoralism should be adopted in rangeland development policies. Originality/value This study has shown the relevance of IFs in climate change adaptation methods of pastoralists. It has also shown that IFs compliment SFs in climate change adaptation in pastoralism.

scholarly journals Persepsi dan Adaptasi Petani Sayuran Terhadap Perubahan Iklim di Sulawesi Selatan

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Witono Adiyoga ◽  
Liferdi Lukman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Part Time ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Land Size ◽  
Adaptation Options

<p>Perubahan iklim di Indonesia dalam jangka menengah ke depan akan menjadi ancaman serius bagi ketahanan pangan. Penelitian survey dilaksanakan di ekosistem dataran tinggi dan rendah Sulawesi Selatan (mencakup tiga pola musim yaitu sektor barat, peralihan, dan timur) pada bulan Juni-Agustus 2012. Pada setiap ekosistem, 110 petani dipilih secara acak, sehingga total responden adalah 220 petani sayuran. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Penelitian ini diarahkan untuk mempelajari adaptasi aktual yang dilakukan pada tingkat usahatani, serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menjadi kendala adaptasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 36 opsi adaptasi yang ditawarkan, mayoritas responden mempersepsi 30 opsi (misalnya, penghematan penggunaan air, penggunaan varietas tahan hama penyakit, dsb.) sebagai cara adaptasi yang potensial atau relevan untuk dilaksanakan di semua pola musim. Sementara itu, opsi-opsi yang dipersepsi beragam (relevan/tidak relevan) oleh responden di pola-pola musim yang berbeda di antaranya adalah penggunaan tanaman penutup, penggunaan varietas tanaman toleran salinitas, dsb. Opsi-opsi adaptasi (misalnya, penanaman pada awal musim hujan, penerapan rotasi tanaman, dsb.) diklaim telah dilaksanakan oleh proporsi responden yang lebih tinggi secara konsisten pada semua pola musim. Opsi-opsi lainnya (misalnya, penggunaan tanaman penutup, penggunaan varietas toleran salinitas, dsb.) dipersepsi secara beragam. Mayoritas petani responden mempersepsi perlunya dukungan teknologi untuk opsi-opsi, misalnya penerapan pengolahan tanah minimum, penggunaan pestisida hayati, dsb. Sementara itu, untuk opsi-opsi lain, misalnya mencari informasi lengkap tentang perubahan iklim dan lebih giat untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan paruh waktu di luar pertanian, dipersepsi beragam antarpola musim. Keberagaman persepsi antarpola musim pada dasarnya menunjukkan pengaruh spesifik lokasi usahatani. Analisis selanjutnya menunjukkan bahwa faktor pendidikan, usia, dan luas lahan garapan sangat berpengaruh terhadap pengambilan keputusan petani untuk melaksanakan/tidak melaksanakan opsi adaptasi. Sementara itu, tiga faktor sikap yang pengaruhnya paling dominan adalah sikap berkaitan dengan pengaruh terhadap penurunan kualitas hidup, sikap berkaitan dengan perlunya perhatian lebih terhadap perubahan iklim, dan sikap berkaitan dengan kapasitas adaptasi petani. Sebagian besar petani secara konsisten mempersepsi tiga hal yang berdasarkan urutan kepentingannya menjadi kendala utama adaptasi, yaitu perhatian dan kebijakan pemerintah yang masih lemah, harga sarana/input produksi yang mahal, dan tidak tersedia teknologi budidaya yang dirancang untuk beradaptasi terhadap perubahan iklim. Upaya sosialisasi/kampanye yang bersifat informatif dan edukatif perlu terus dilakukan untuk mengembangkan strategi pengelolaan risiko iklim dan meningkatkan keterampilan serta pengetahuan petani agar dapat menghadapi variabilitas dan perubahan iklim secara lebih baik.</p><p>Climate change in Indonesia in the next medium-term will become a serious threat to food security. A survey was carried out in lowland and highland vegetable production centers of South Sulawesi (covering three season patterns: west, transition, and east) in June-August 2012. In each eco-system, 110 respondents were randomly selected and in total 220 respondents participated in the survey. Data were gathered through interviews by using a structured questionnaire. The study was aimed at assessing actual adaptation to climate change at the farmers’ level and identifying constraining factors to the adoption of adaptation options. Results shows that 30 out of 36 listed options, such as conserving the use of water, the use of pest/disease resistant varieties, etc., are potential/relevant adaptation options as perceived by most respondents. Meanwhile, in different season pattern, farmers’ perceptions vary regarding for instance the use of cover crop, the use of varieties tolerant to salinity, etc. Most farmers in all season patterns claim that they have implemented some adaptation options, such as planting early in the beginning of rainy season, the use of crop rotation system, etc. However, farmers’ perceptions vary regarding the use of cover crop, the use of varieties tolerant to salinity, etc. Majority of respondents perceive the need of technological supports for some options, such as the use of minimum tillage, the use of natural or biopesticide, etc. In the meantime, among different season patterns, farmers’ perceptions vary regarding the option of looking for complete climate change information, looking for off-farm part-time jobs, etc. Farmers’ perceptions that vary are actually reflecting their response to different farm location specifity. Further analysis suggests that respondents’ education, age, and land size significantly affect farmers’ decision whether implementing a particular adaptation option or not. Three attitude factors that also show significant influence are attitude towards impact on decreasing quality of life, attitude towards the need for more attention to climate change, and attitude towards farmers’ adaptive capacity. Based on rank of importance, the three main contraints of adaptation are low attention and weak government policies regarding climate change problems, expensive price of production inputs and unavailability of specific technologies designed to adapt to climate change. Informative and educational campaign should be continuously carried out to develop climate risk management strategy and improve farmers’ skill and knowledge to better coping with climate variability and climate change.</p>

scholarly journals Climate change, adaptation, and global jobs: Lessons and urgent policy options for Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-181
Author(s):  
A. M. Ogaboh Agba ◽  
John J. Akpanudoedehe ◽  
Felix E. Ojong ◽  
Michael Sunday Agba
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Green Jobs ◽  
Lake Chad ◽  
And Migration

Climate change remains one of the world’s greatest challenge in the 21st century. It causes inevitable changes that alter human activities. Adaptation to climate change creates and at the same time limits opportunities that support human existence. While United States of America, Europe, China, India and other countries are maximizing the opportunities climate change adaptation offers especially in areas of green technology, energy and agriculture, that of Africa who are more vulnerable to climate change are complacent and at most show less commitment. As the negative impacts of climate change increases and livelihoods erode, and as jobs continue to disappear leading to conflicts and upheavals in Africa, governments across the continent need policy options that will enable them to mitigate and adapt to climate change while at the same time address the problem of unemployment and create new patterns of livelihood. This paper, therefore, explores options that support these objectives. It offered policy suggestions in green energy and agriculture where Africa have a comparative advantage over other nations, and which also has the capacity of employing 90 per cent of the continent's workforce. It makes suggestions on how Lake Chad and other water sources affected by climate change in Africa can be revived to support agricultural activities and hydropower industry as well as create green jobs. It advocated for investment in biofuel, wind and solar energies to create green jobs. The paper submits that if green jobs are created and agricultural activities supported conflicts associated with unemployment and migration will be reduced drastically.

scholarly journals Adaptation to Climate Change by Vegetable Farmers in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
pp. 415-430
Author(s):  
R. P. Dayani Gunathilaka ◽  
P. S. M. Kalani J. Samarakoon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Adaptation Options

AbstractIn Sri Lanka, the agriculture sector is most vulnerable to climate change and this is increasingly affecting food security. Vegetables, legumes, coarse grains, and potatoes are likely to be adversely affected due to climate impacts. Based on a cross-sectional survey conducted on 150 vegetable farmers in the up-country area of Sri Lanka, this study elucidates farmers’ perceptions of climate change, ongoing adaptation methods, factors influencing farmers’ decisions to adapt, and barriers to adaptation. The study finds that gender, educationlevel, farming experience, income, willingness to take credit, extension on crop, climate change information, farmer-to-farmer extension, rainfall and temperature as the significant factors influencing adaptation. Furthermore, early or late planting, crop or variety switching, and intensive use of inputs are the commonly used adaptation options. Information constraints emerge as a major barrier followed by high costs for adaptation and lack of vigorous planting materials. The study suggests educating farmers about potential adaptation options is pivotal.

scholarly journals Vulnerabilite des moyens d'existence des menages ruraux au changement climatique: analyse comparative des territoires montagneux et littoraux des zones arides tunisiennes

New Medit ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Coastal Plains ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Adaptation Capacity ◽  
Local Populations

This paper presents a livelihood vulnerability assessment and compares the levels of exposure, sensitivity and adaptation to climate change of the local populations in mountains area and coastal plains in Tunisian arid regions. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change vulnerability index (LVI-IPCC) has been adapted and applied to assess this livelihood vulnerability, based on socio-economic surveys and semi-structured interviews with the local populations. Findings show that households in coastal plains are more vulnerable in terms of socio demographic profile, food security, social networks, access to water and climate variability. This territory is much more exposed to climate change, despite being slightly less sensitive. On the other hand, households in mountainous territory are more vulnerable in terms of livelihood strategies, land tenure and health, despite their adaptation capacity, which reduces their vulnerability to climate change. Based on this vulnerability assessment, this work suggests specific adaptation strategies and measures for livelihoods sustainability in each territory.

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