scholarly journals Low Temperature Grafting of MMA on to Coir Fibre

CORD ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Lakshmi N. S. ◽  
Sarika Babu ◽  
Sumy Sebastian ◽  
P.K. Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
P Values ◽  
Coir Fibre ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Ferrous Ammonium ◽  
Scanning Electron

Low temperature grafting of methyl methacrylate (MMA) on to coir fibre was carried out in aqueous medium using Potassium per sulphate (PPS) as an initiator under the catalytic influence of Ferrous ammonium sulphate (FAS). Optimization of various parameters of grafting viz. monomer, initiator and catalyst concentration, time and temperature was carried out to obtain the maximum tensile properties. Evidence of grafting was characterized from Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Thermal analysis (TGA). The maximum breaking stress (BS) of control and grafted coir fibre were 213.08 and 365.00 N/mm2 respectively. Hence the percentage of improvement of grafted coir fibre was found to be 71.30%. Increase in tensile properties with maximum BS observed under monomer (25%), initiator (0.75%) and catalyst (0.75%) concentration, time (150min) and temperature (500C) respectively.  The t-test and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) were studied for statistical significance and the P values obtained were less than 0.05 which revealed that the value was highly significant for the improvement of mechanical strength on coir fibre by graft Co- polymerization.

scholarly journals Improvement in Physical Properties of MMA Grafted Coir Fibres

CORD ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Lakshmi N. S. ◽  
Sarika Babu ◽  
Sumy Sebastian ◽  
P.K. Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Flexural Rigidity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Light Fastness ◽  
Coir Fibre ◽  
Ferrous Ammonium ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Water Absorbance

This work deals with the surface modification of Coir fibre through graft copolymerization process. Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto coir fibre was carried out with Potassium per sulphate (PPS) as an initiator under the catalytic influence of Ferrous ammonium sulphate (FAS) in aqueous medium. Control and grafted coir fibres were subjected to evaluation of properties like tensile strength, flexural rigidity, density, water absorbance and light fastness studies. It was observed that MMA grafted coir fibre shows more resistance towards water and light fastness when compared with that of control coir fibre. Further morphological, structural changes and thermal stability of control and grafted coir fibre have also been studied by SEM and TGA techniques. For statistical significance the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) were studied and the P values obtained were less than 0.05 which revealed that the value was highly significant for the improvement of physical properties on coir fibre by graft Co- polymerization.

Tensile and Impact Strength of Coir Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites: Effect of Different Temperature Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 763 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Z. Salleh ◽  
Koay Mei Hyie ◽  
Syarifah Yunus ◽  
Y.M. Taib ◽  
M.N. Berhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Coir Fibre ◽  
Izod Impact ◽  
Fibre Loading

This study focuses on tensile properties and impact strength of coir fibre reinforced polypropylene composites under influences of fibre loading and various temperatures conditions. All samples were fabricated by using hot-press technique. Tensile and izod impact samples were prepared in accordance to the standard specifications as closely as possible. Three different ratios of fibre with matrix which were 10%, 20% and 30% were studied. The results revealed that 20% volume fraction of coir fibre demonstrated optimum tensile and impact properties. Significance reduction of impact strength under low temperature condition had been shown for all composites due to the brittleness of both fibre and matrix.

High-Vacuum Evaporation and a Cryostage to Observe Fractured Yeast

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 256-257
Author(s):  
William P. Wergin ◽  
Eric F. Erbe ◽  
Eugene L. Vigil
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Standard Specimen ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Specimen Holder ◽  
Sputter Coating ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Gain Access ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Transfer Device

Investigators have long realized the potential advantages of using a low temperature (LT) stage to examine fresh, frozen specimens in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). However, long working distances (W.D.), thick sputter coatings and surface contamination have prevented LTSEM from achieving results comparable to those from TEM freeze etch. To improve results, we recently modified techniques that involve a Hitachi S570 SEM, an Emscope SP2000 Sputter Cryo System and a Denton freeze etch unit. Because investigators have frequently utilized the fractured E face of the plasmalemma of yeast, this tissue was selected as a standard for comparison in the present study.In place of a standard specimen holder, a modified rivet was used to achieve a shorter W.D. (1 to -2 mm) and to gain access to the upper detector. However, the additional height afforded by the rivet, precluded use of the standard shroud on the Emscope specimen transfer device. Consequently, the sample became heavily contaminated (Fig. 1). A removable shroud was devised and used to reduce contamination (Fig. 2), but the specimen lacked clean fractured edges. This result suggested that low vacuum sputter coating was also limiting resolution.

Intracellular structures of rapid frozen biological samples observed by high-resolution low-temperature Scanning Electron Microscopy

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 736-737
Author(s):  
T. Inoué ◽  
H. Koike
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Chemical Fixation ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Temperature Scanning ◽  
Scanning Electron

Low temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM) is useful to avoid artifacts such as deformation and extraction, because specimens are not subjected to chemical fixation, dehydration and critical-point drying. Since Echlin et al developed a LTSEM, many techniques and instruments have been reported for observing frozen materials. However, intracellular structures such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum have been unobservable by the method because of the low resolving power and inadequate specimen preparation methods. Recently, we developed a low temperature SEM that attained high resolutions. In this study, we introduce highly magnified images obtained by the newly developed LTSEM, especially intracellular structures which have been rapidly frozen without chemical fixation.[Specimen preparations] Mouse pancreas and brown adipose tissues (BAT) were used as materials. After the tissues were removed and cut into small pieces, the specimen was placed on a cryo-tip and rapidly frozen in liquid propane using a rapid freezing apparatus (Eiko Engineering Co. Ltd., Japan). After the tips were mounted on the specimen stage of a precooled cryo-holder, the surface of the specimen was manually fractured by a razor blade in liquid nitrogen. The cryo-holder was then inserted into the specimen chamber of the SEM (ISI DS-130), and specimens were observed at the accelerating voltages of 5-8 kV. At first the surface was slightly covered with frost, but intracellular structures were gradually revealed as the frost began to sublimate. Gold was then coated on the specimen surface while tilting the holder at 45-90°. The holder was connected to a liquid nitrogen reservoir by means of a copper braid to maintain low temperature.

Criteria for the evaluation of low-temperature Scanning Electron Microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 902-903
Author(s):  
Alan Beckett
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
List Type ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Temperature Scanning ◽  
Scanning Electron

Low temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM) has been evaluated with special reference to its application to the study of morphology and development in microorganisms. A number of criteria have been considered and have proved valuable in assessing the standard of results achieved. To further aid our understanding of these results, it has been necessary to compare those obtained by LTSEM with those from more conventional preparatory procedures such as 1) chemical fixation, dehydration and critical point-drying; 2) freeze-drying with or without chemical vapour fixation before hand.The criteria used for assessing LTSEM for the above purposes are as follows: 1)Specimen immobilization and stabilization2)General preservation of external morphology3)General preservation of internal morphology4)Exposure to solvents5)Overall dimensional changes6)Cell surface texture7)Differential conformational changes8)Etching frozen-hydrated material9)Beam damage10)Specimen resolution11)Specimen life

EVANOHM

Alloy Digest ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Nickel Base Alloy ◽  
Temperature Coefficient Of Resistance ◽  
High Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Nickel Base

Abstract EVANOHM is a nickel-base alloy having low temperature coefficient of resistance and high electrical resistivity. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on joining. Filing Code: Ni-57. Producer or source: Wilbur B. Driver Company.

ISO-ELASTIC

Alloy Digest ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Nickel Alloy ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Precision Instrument ◽  
Iron Nickel

Abstract ISO-ELASTIC is an iron-nickel alloy having low temperature coefficient of the modulus of elasticity. It is suitable for precision instrument springs. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: Fe-14. Producer or source: John Chatillon & Sons.

INVAR M93

Alloy Digest ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Bend Strength ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Ni Content ◽  
Precision Alloys ◽  
Ni Alloy

Abstract Invar is an Fe-Ni alloy with 36% Ni content that exhibits the lowest expansion of known metals from very low temperatures up to approximately 230 deg C (445 deg F). Invar M93 is a cryogenic Invar with improved weldability. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear and bend strength as well as fracture toughness and fatigue. It also includes information on low temperature performance as well as forming and joining. Filing Code: FE-143. Producer or source: Metalimphy Precision Alloys.

COPPER ALLOY No. 510

Alloy Digest ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Tin Bronze

Abstract COPPER ALLOY No. 510 is a tin bronze containing about 0.25% phosphorus. It combines high strength and toughness with excellent fatigue properties. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep and fatigue. It also includes information on low temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-238. Producer or source: Brass mills.

BELMONT ALLOY 2505

Alloy Digest ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Tube Bending

Abstract BELMONT ALLOY 2505 is a bismuth-base, eutectic, low-melting alloy. It melts at 158 F and provides engineers and technicians with an easily castable material that is ready for use as soon as it freezes. Alloy 2505 can be recovered easily and recycled into new uses any number of times. Its many uses include shuttle blocks, tube bending, chucks for lens buffing and grinding, anchoring, dies, and low-temperature solder. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: Bi-9. Producer or source: Belmont Metals Inc..

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