scholarly journals Prevalence and Levels of Forward Head Posture among School Going Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 022-025
Author(s):  
Hemendra Chandoliya ◽  
Varsha Chorsiya ◽  
Dhananjay Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Plumb Line ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
School Students ◽  
Forward Head Posture ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Head Posture ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Exposure of overloaded bag packs and early usage of digital gadgets amongst school going children alters the cervical spine posture. The present research work intends to study the prevalence of forward head posture in school going children. The study also elucidates the ranges to consider for mild, moderate and severe forward head posture prevalence. Methods: A total of 100 school students (50 males and 50 females) were recruited for cross-sectional study. Assessment of forward head posture was done using plumb line. The students were made to stand at a point marked 25 cm distance away from the plumb line. The researcher, from the side view, using a meter scale, measured the distance between the tragus of the ear and plumb line and record it. The weight of the school bag was measured using the weighing machine and the time for which gadgets were used was recorded as per the subject/parents feedback. Results: The mean values for age, height, weight and BMI are 13.67 ± 0.55 years, 158.56 ± 7.71 cms, 46.47 ± 10.50 kgs and 18.40 ± 3.48 kg /m2 respectively. The mean values for gadgets time use, distance plumb line and weight bag are 130.50 ± 67.07 min, 1.96 ± 1.19 cm and 4.32 ± 1.70 kgs respectively. About ~27% children having mild or no FHP (less than or equal to 1 cm), ~37% children having moderate FHP (ranging between 1.01 cm to 2.49 cm) and ~36% children found to have severe FHP (more than or equal to 2.5 cm). Conclusion: The study showed that the FHP is developing at early stage in the school going children and it has the potential of altering cervical spine biomechanics. Early screening is much essential aspect to prevent FHP. The ergonomic based awareness programs should be organized to sensitize children about the right posture and to indulge them in physical activity.

scholarly journals Comparison of Peripheral Arterial Blood Pressure in Individuals with and without Forward Head Posture

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 098-103
Author(s):  
Dipti Vilas Kadu ◽  
Jaimala V. Shetye ◽  
Amita Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Forward Head Posture ◽  
Head Posture ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Craniovertebral Angle

Abstract Introduction Cervical spine is closely approximated with neurovascular structures. Therefore, misalignment of cervical spine so commonly seen today may lead to altered blood pressure (BP). There could be a relationship between head neck posture as measured by craniovertebral angle and peripheral arterial BP. Aim The aim of this study is to compare peripheral arterial BP in individuals with and without forward head posture (FHP). Study Design This is a comparative, prospective, observational study in healthy population. Subjects and Methods A total of 150 students were selected randomly and screened so that there were equal and desired number of subjects in the two groups (64 in each group) for this comparative, prospective, observational study. Three readings of BP were taken in sitting position on brachial artery at interval of 2 to 3 minutes. One standard image was taken in lateral view used for measuring craniovertebral angle with “MB ruler software.” Craniovertebral angle, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of the two groups were compared. Results The aim of the study was to compare peripheral arterial BP in individuals with and without FHP. The mean SBP and DBP of both the groups were within the normal range as was expected because the subjects were young students with no clinical symptoms. However, it was seen that the mean SBP was significantly higher in subjects with FHP than in subjects without FHP (p = 0.0009). Conclusion Peripheral arterial BP in individuals with FHP is statistically significantly higher than in individuals without FHP.

scholarly journals PARAMETERS FOR THE EVALUATION OF CERVICAL SAGITTAL BALANCE IN IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
MAURICIO COELHO LIMA ◽  
MARCELO ITALO RISSO NETO ◽  
GUILHERME REBECHI ZUIANI ◽  
IVAN GUIDOLIN VEIGA ◽  
MARCOS ANTONIO TEBET ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Sagittal Balance ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
Plumb Line ◽  
Cervical Lordosis ◽  
Thoracic Inlet ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cervical Sagittal Balance ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Objective: There are no values defined as standard in the literature for the parameters of assessment of cervical sagittal balance in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. This study describes the sagittal cervical parameters in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Methods: Study carried out in a tertiary public hospital in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, through the evaluation of panoramic radiographs in lateral view. The Cobb method was used to evaluate cervical lordosis from C2 to C7, distance from the center of gravity (COG) of the skull to C7, measurement of T1 slope, thoracic inlet angle (TIA), neck tilt, and plumb line from C7 to S1 (SVA C7-S1). A statistical analysis was performed, to demonstrate the relationship between the alignment of the thoracic spine in the sagittal plane and the cervical sagittal balance of patients with scoliosis. Results: Thirty-four patients were female (69.4%) and 15 male (30.6%). The mean values for COG-C7 were 0.71 mm (median 0.8 mm/standard deviation [SD]= 0.51 mm). For Cobb C2-C7, the mean was -11.7° (median -10°/SD= 20.4°). The mean slope of T1 was 23.5° (median 25°/SD= 9.5°). The mean cervical version was 58.8° (median 60°/DP= 15.4°). The mean TIA was 81.8° (median 85°/SD= 16.7°). The mean plumb line C7-S1 was -0.28 (-0.3/SD= 1.0). Conclusion: The analysis of the results showed that the mean values for the cervical lordosis are lower than the values described as normal in the literature, suggesting a loss of sagittal cervical balance in these patients.

scholarly journals Development of a new approach to diagnosis of the early fluorosis forms by means of FTIR and Raman microspectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Seredin ◽  
Dmitry Goloshchapov ◽  
Yuri Ippolitov ◽  
Jitraporn Vongsvivut
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Type B ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Infrared Microspectroscopy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Apatite Lattice ◽  
Preventive Diagnostics

AbstractThis study is aimed at investigating the features of mineralization of the enamel apatite at initial stages of fluorosis development. Samples of teeth with intact and fluorotic enamel in an early stage of the disease development (Thylstrup–Fejerskov Index = 1–3) were studied by Raman scattering and FTIR using Infrared Microspectroscopy beamline at Australian Synchrotron equipment. Based on the data obtained by optical microspectroscopy and calculation of the coefficient R [A-type/B-type], which represents the ratio of carbonation fraction of CO32−, replacing phosphate or hydroxyl radicals in the enamel apatite lattice, the features of mineralization of enamel apatite in the initial stages of development of the pathology caused by an increased content of fluorine in the oral cavity were established. Statistical analysis of the data showed significant differences in the mean values of R [A-type/B-type] ratio between the control and experimental groups for surface layers (p < 0.01). The data obtained are potentially significant as benchmarks in the development of a new approach to preventive diagnostics of the development of initial and clinically unregistered stages of human teeth fluorosis, as well as personalized control of the use of fluoride-containing caries-preventive agents.

scholarly journals Synovial Tissue Sublining CD68 Expression Is a Biomarker of Therapeutic Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trials: Consistency Across Centers

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1800-1802 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARRY BRESNIHAN ◽  
ELIZA PONTIFEX ◽  
ROGIER M. THURLINGS ◽  
MARJOLEIN VINKENOOG ◽  
HANI EL-GABALAWY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Disease Activity Score ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

Objective.To determine whether the correlation between the mean change in disease activity and the mean change in synovial sublining (sl) CD68 expression could be demonstrated across different academic centers.Methods.Synovial biopsies obtained at arthroscopy from patients with rheumatoid arthritis before and 160 days after rituximab therapy were selected and coded. Paired sections were processed independently at Amsterdam Medical Center (AMC) and at St. Vincent’s University Hospital (SVUH), Dublin. Digital image analysis (DIA) was employed at both centers to quantify sublining CD68 expression.Results.After analysis of CD68sl expression at centers in 2 different countries, high levels of intracenter and intercenter agreement were observed. For the pooled sections stained at AMC, the correlation between 2 investigators was R = 0.942, p = 0.000, and for sections stained at SVUH, R = 0.899, p = 0.001. Similarly, the intracenter correlations for ΔCD68sl expression after treatment were R = 0.998, p = 0.000, for sections stained at AMC and R = 0.880, p = 0.000, for sections stained at SVUH. The intercenter correlation for the pooled scores of sections stained at AMC was R = 0.85, p = 0.000, and for the sections stained at SVUH, R = 0.62, p = 0.001. The consistent correlation between ΔDAS (Disease Activity Score) and ΔCD68sl expression across different studies (Pearson correlation = 0.895, p < 0.001) was confirmed. The standardized response mean values for ΔCD68sl, calculated from analyses at both AMC and SVUH, were consistently 0.5 or greater, indicating a moderate to high potential to detect change.Conclusion.The correlation between mean ΔDAS and mean ΔCD68sl expression was confirmed across 2 centers. Examination of serial biopsy samples can be used reliably to screen for interesting biological effects at the site of inflammation at an early stage of drug development.

scholarly journals Effects of stocking density on growth, survival and production of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio var. specularis) spawn in nursery pond

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-435
Author(s):  
Md Abdus Samad ◽  
Aliza Khatun ◽  
Md Selim Reza ◽  
Md Asrafuzzaman ◽  
Most Habiba Ferdaushy
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Nursery Pond ◽  
Mirror Carp ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
The Mean

The research work was conducted to evaluate the effects of stocking density on growth, survival and production of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio var. specularis) spawn in nursery pond for a period of 35 days. Three treatments differing in stocking density of hatchling viz., T1:172900 individuals/ha, T2:148200 individuals/ha and T3:123500 individuals/ha were employed each having three replicates. Fries were fed same diet in three different treatments consisting of (28.5%) at the rate of 6-10% of body weight. The Physico-chemical characteristics of pond water were measured weekly. The mean values of some water quality parameters such as temperature (°C) were 30.41 ±1.15 (T1), 30.38±1.08 (T2), 30.45±1.10 (T3); transparency (cm) 40.00±0.90 (T1), 39.74±0.51 (T2), 39.93±0.70 (T3); dissolved oxygen (mg/l) 6.79±0.45 (T1), 6.71±0.38 (T2), 7.02±0.29 (T3); pH 7.55±0.18 (T1), 7.67±0.16 (T2), 7.62±0.20 (T3) and alkalinity (mg/l) 116.20±0.64 (T1), 99.36±0.45 (T2), 96.47±0.93 (T3) from 35 days respectively. Except alkalinity no significant value were found for parameters. Sampling was also done weekly. The mean value of final weight (g) was 0.35±0.004 (T1), 0.42±0.008 (T2), 0.59±0.006 (T3). The survival rate of Cyprinus carpio var. specularis was 54.20% (T1), 62.90% (T2) and 74.56% (T3) respectively. The highest survivability was found in T3. The production (kg/ha) of Cyprinus carpio var. specularis was 76.32±4.96 (T1), 77.60±5.19 (T2), 91.04±6.02 (T3) respectively. Significantly (p< 0.05) highest production was found in T3.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2016, 2(3): 429-435

scholarly journals Effect of Active Intervention after Kaltenborn's Cervical Joint Mobilization on The Cervical Spine Alignment and Muscle Activity in Patients with Forward Head Posture

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang-Jin Lee ◽  
Jung-Suk Roh ◽  
Houng-Sik Choi ◽  
Heon-Seock Cynn ◽  
Kyu-Hwan Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Forward Head Posture ◽  
Joint Mobilization ◽  
Head Posture ◽  
Active Intervention ◽  
Cervical Spine Alignment

scholarly journals The Effect of Through-Range Versus Shortened-Length Exercise Training on Upper Quarter Posture Among Students With Forward Head Posture: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Sayyadi ◽  
Rahman Sheikhhoseini ◽  
Kieran O’Sullivan ◽  
Ramin Balouchi
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Thoracic Kyphosis ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Students ◽  
Forward Head Posture ◽  
Head Posture ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Craniovertebral Angle

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of shortened-length versus through-range exercise training on upper quarter posture in primary school students with Forward Head Posture (FHP). Materials and Methods: Sixty pain-free participants with FHP were randomly allocated to one of three groups; shortened-length training (n=20), through-range training (n=20), and no- treatment control group (n=20). The shortened-length and through-range groups participated in training programs 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Upper quarter postures, including Craniovertebral Angle (CVA), Shoulder Angle (SA), Cranial Angle (CA), and thoracic kyphosis were measured by photogrammetry before and after the training. The confidence level was set at 95% (P<0.05). Results: After training, both exercise groups showed significant changes in CVA (P=0.001), SA (P=0.001), CA (P=0.001), and thoracic kyphosis (P=0.001) compared to the control group. Furthermore, CVA changed more in the shortened-length exercise group compared to the through-range exercise group (P=0.003) (effect size= 0.446). Conclusion: Both through-range and shortened-length exercises altered upper quarter alignment. The shortened-length training resulted in a larger change in CVA. These changes were small, and more studies are needed to investigate the effects of such training programs among people with pain.

scholarly journals Effects of a combination of scapular stabilization and thoracic extension exercises for office workers with forward head posture on the craniovertebral angle, respiration, pain, and disability: A randomized-controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-299
Author(s):  
Na-Yeon Kang ◽  
Sang-Cheol Im ◽  
Kyoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Neck Disability Index ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Comparison ◽  
Forward Head Posture ◽  
Head Posture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Craniovertebral Angle ◽  
Experimental Group

Objectives: This study aims to investigate how exercise programs not directly applied to the cervical spine affect office workers with forward head posture (FHP). Patients and methods: Between March 2018 and June 2018, a total of 32 office workers with FHP (13 males, 19 females; mean age 36.63 years; range, 23 to 57 years) were randomized either to experimental (n=16) or control groups (n=16). Scapular stabilization and thoracic extension exercises were applied to the experimental group and cervical stabilization and stretching exercises to the control group. The results of the pre-intervention and after six weeks measurement of the craniovertebral angle (CVA), respiration, pain, and disability were compared and analyzed. Results: For intra-group comparison, both groups showed significant differences (p<0.05) in CVA, forced expiratory volume at 1 sec (FEV1), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and neck disability index at pre- and post-intervention, while only the experimental group showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, and forced vital capacity. For inter-group comparison, a significant difference (p<0.05) between FEV1 and VAS was observed. Conclusion: The combination of scapular stabilization and thoracic extension exercises, not directly applied to the cervical spine, has an effect on improving the posture, respiration, neck pain, and disability in office workers with FHP.

scholarly journals Effects of Sling Exercise Program on Muscle Activity and Cervical Spine Curvature of Forward Head Posture

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Ju Kim ◽  
Ji-Won Kim ◽  
Byung-Rae Park
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Forward Head Posture ◽  
Head Posture ◽  
Spine Curvature
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