scholarly journals A Brief Review of Ideal Bio-Indicators, Bio-Markers and Determinants of Endemic of Fluoride and Fluorosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 920-925
Author(s):  
Shanti Lal Choubisa ◽  
Anurag Choubisa
Keyword(s):  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Skeletal Fluorosis ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Dental And Skeletal Fluorosis ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Control

Fluorosis in man and animals is the resultant of chronic exposure of Fluoride (F) for prolonged period through F contaminated drinking water and foods and industrial F pollution. However, fluoridated water and industrial F emissions are the major sources of F exposure for humans and domestic animals. Chronic F exposure not only deteriorate the health of human beings and animals but also causes diverse adverse toxic effects on hard (teeth and bones) and soft (organs) tissues. Various F induced pathological changes in teeth and bones are known as dental and skeletal fluorosis, respectively. However, skeletal fluorosis is more dangerous and highly significant since it diminishes the mobility at a very early age and develops crippling or lameness bone deformity. Thousands of people and domestic animals are suffering with fluorosis worldwide. Dental fluorosis is rampant and the commonest form of chronic F toxicosis and appears in subjects of almost all age groups. However, children and bovine calves are relatively more sensitive and highly susceptible to F toxicosis and revealed the earliest clinical sign of chronic F poisoning in the form of dental fluorosis. Hence, these are ideal bio-indicators for chronic F intoxication or fluorosis. Nevertheless, the magnitude or severity of fluorosis is much more depending on the density and rate of bio-accumulation of F. Biological samples, milk, urine, blood serum, teeth, nails, etc. are better bio-markers for F intoxication. However, urine F concentration is the best bio-marker for endemic of F and fluorosis. In this communication, ideal bio-indicators and bio-markers for endemic of F and fluorosis and diverse potential determinants influencing the severity of F toxicity (fluorosis) are considered and briefly and critically reviewed. Findings of this review are useful in making and implementation of health policy and the commencement of mitigation and control of fluorosis programme in F endemic areas where it is problematic for human and animal health.

scholarly journals PUBLIC POLICIES AND ANIMAL WELL BEING: A BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 040-047
Author(s):  
Gil Dutra Furtado ◽  
Grazielly Diniz Duarte ◽  
Flávio Santos Guimarães ◽  
Soraya Abrantes Pinto de Brito ◽  
Martin Lindsey Christoffersen
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
And Control

The populational control of wandering animals and the well-being of animals are among the non-resolved public policies in Brazil. The lack (or non-application) of educational and punitive laws in the area are some of the reasons for implementing Federal, State, and Municipal Public Policies dealing with this issue. The aim of this literature review is to reflect on the need for developing public policies focused on the surveillance and control of zoonoses in Brazil. By deductive reasoning, associated with bibliographic revision and documental research, we studied the norms, doctrines, and philosophical currents relevant to the area. We provide a brief summary of public policies in general. Next, we approach the concept of unified health, that considers the interdependency between human health, animal health and environmental health. We analyze the judicialization of public policies so that the State and the collectivity observe their duty to guard animals and protect the fauna. In this way, they may indirectly help to protect the human being. We try to enforce the implementation of public policies centered on the protection of animals, of the environment, and of human beings deriving from the concept of unified health.

Epidemiology and Molecular Basis of Multidrug Resistance in Rhodococcus equi

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonsiray Álvarez-Narváez ◽  
Laura Huber ◽  
Steeve Giguère ◽  
Kelsey A. Hart ◽  
Roy D. Berghaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Rhodococcus Equi ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Horse Breeding ◽  
Breeding Farms

SUMMARY The development and spread of antimicrobial resistance are major concerns for human and animal health. The effects of the overuse of antimicrobials in domestic animals on the dissemination of resistant microbes to humans and the environment are of concern worldwide. Rhodococcus equi is an ideal model to illustrate the spread of antimicrobial resistance at the animal-human-environment interface because it is a natural soil saprophyte that is an intracellular zoonotic pathogen that produces severe bronchopneumonia in many animal species and humans. Globally, R. equi is most often recognized as causing severe pneumonia in foals that results in animal suffering and increased production costs for the many horse-breeding farms where the disease occurs. Because highly effective preventive measures for R. equi are lacking, thoracic ultrasonographic screening and antimicrobial chemotherapy of subclinically affected foals have been used for controlling this disease during the last 20 years. The resultant increase in antimicrobial use attributable to this “screen-and-treat” approach at farms where the disease is endemic has likely driven the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) R. equi in foals and their environment. This review summarizes the factors that contributed to the development and spread of MDR R. equi, the molecular epidemiology of the emergence of MDR R. equi, the repercussions of MDR R. equi for veterinary and human medicine, and measures that might mitigate antimicrobial resistance at horse-breeding farms, such as alternative treatments to traditional antibiotics. Knowledge of the emergence and spread of MDR R. equi is of broad importance for understanding how antimicrobial use in domestic animals can impact the health of animals, their environment, and human beings.

scholarly journals Study of Some Epidemiological Aspects of Giardiasis in North of Baghdad

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Total Rate ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
The North ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Infectivity Rate ◽  
Majority Groups

Different factors have been examined to be related with the prevalence of Girdiasis in the north of Baghdad in human beings which were (gender, age , occupation ,family size,faecal status and presence of domestic animals) during the period from the beginning of April 2009 till the end of March 2010. This study revealed that the total rate of infection in human being was 11.66% , and no significant differences (p?0.05) were noticed between male and female as their rates of infection were 52.32% and 47.68% respectively , as well as no significant relation was observed between faecal status and the rate of infection, the percentage of positive cases in diarrheal patients was higher than the non diarrheal patients who were 74.41 and 25.59 respectively ,while there was significant relation between the presence of domestic animals and prevalence of giardiasis (p?0.05) ,the infectivity rate reached to 23.25% in persons who had domestic animals in their household .Also high infection rate have been recorded among children less than 10 years old which was 51.16 % when it compared with other age groups, as well as preschool children and person belong to family composed of (5-9) individual were observed to be the majority groups that infected with Giardia which were 44.18% and 50% respectively, although there were no significant relation (p?0.05) between each of age, occupation and family size with infectivity rate of Gairdia.

Effect of Anti-Oxidant in co-relation with Rasayana therapy of Ayurveda on Ageing

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitanjali Sasmal ◽  
Sasmal Sipra
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Replacement Process ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Almost All

Ageing is a process of unfavorable progressive changes associated with decline in vigour and ending in death. Ageing is the part of life which is unavoidable but the untimely aging can be stopped. The process of ageing involves the coexistence of two opposing factor namely evolution (growth) and involution (atrophy). These processes continue to operate throughout the life but their importance varies in different age groups. As the age advanced, human beings gradually lose some of their attributes, because of functional and structural alteration in almost all organ systems. Ageing in individuals is affected to a greater extent by genetic factors, diet, social conditions and the occurrence of age related disorders. Anti oxidants can speed up the cell division and cell replacement process, which can help to slow the overall effects of ageing and prevent specific age related diseases. It also deactivates the free radicals and prevents their formation and also stimulates the immune system to increase our protection against all diseases. Like anti-oxidant in Ayurveda the Rasayana therapy not only helped attain longer, healthier life but also help cure some of the dreadful diseases. Rasayana aid in increasing natural immunity, enhancing general wellbeing, improving the functioning of all fundamental organs of the body and keep the signs of early ageing. The main purpose of Rasayana therapy is to impede the ageing process and to delay the degenerative process in the body.

A review on current knowledge of major zoonotic protozoan diseases affecting farm and pet animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Hanan H. Abdelbaky ◽  
Kousuke Umeda ◽  
Thu-Thuy Nguyen ◽  
Adel E.A. Mohamed ◽  
Ragab M. Fereig
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Control

Given the high importance of animal uses for human beings, avoidance of contact with animals is far from straightforward, even if there is a risk of zoonotic diseases. Animal products or byproducts are essential sources of food for humans. Also, there are large numbers of companion animals worldwide which are important for the soundness of mental health for the owners. Understanding of the disease in animals is of paramount importance to control and prevent transmission to humans. Zoonotic protozoan parasites, including malaria, babesiosis, trypanosomiasis, toxoplasmosis and cryptosporidiosis, can cause severe infections to humans, and some of them can drastically affect both economy and society. Impacts of such infections are aggravated when asymptomatic animals being in contact with susceptible individuals, including infants, pregnant women or immunocompromised people. Malaria, babesiosis and trypanosomiasis are vector-borne diseases that cause hemolytic anemia and high fever. Toxoplasmosis is a congenitally transmitted infection characterized by abortion and congenital abnormalities in infected persons and animals. Cryptosporidiosis is a highly contagious disease affecting humans and various animal species, and diarrhea is the main clinical form. These infections are globally distributed and affect various demographics. However, awareness of these often neglected diseases in almost all countries and communities is required to protect animals, owners, and customers. Thus, this review is aimed to provide the recent and current knowledge on transmission, epidemiology and control of some protozoan diseases of zoonotic importance.

scholarly journals Ectoparasites infesting animals living in close contact with human beings: a real trouble for One Health perspective?

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
J.C.P. Oliveira ◽  
W.S.M. Oliveira ◽  
R.S. Brito ◽  
T.A.R.F. Lima ◽  
A. Giannelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ctenocephalides Canis ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus Sensu Lato ◽  
Hematophagous Arthropods ◽  
And Control ◽  
Ectoparasite Fauna

ABSTRACT The number of domestic animals living with human beings is rapidly increasing in parallel with an enhanced risk of transmission of their parasites and the pathogens they might carry. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of hematophagous arthropods infesting domestic animals from Northeastern Brazil and to remark the implications of their occurrence on the epidemiology and control of selected veterinary and human diseases. From January 2017 to April 2019, ectoparasites infesting domestic cats, dogs and horses were collected for their respective hosts and identified. Overall, ectoparasites were sampled from 86 domestic animals, living in different anthropic settings. A total of 401 specimens (344 ticks and 57 fleas) were collected from different hosts [i.e., 10 (2.49%), 96 (23.94%) and 295 (73.57%) from cats, dogs and horses, respectively]. Two flea (i.e., Ctenocephalides canis and Ctenocephalides felis) and 5 tick species (i.e., Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma sculptum, Dermacentor nitens, Rhipicephalus microplus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato) were identified. This study provides data on the ectoparasite fauna infesting domestic animals from Northeastern Brazil. The diagnosis and treatment of these parasites should not be underestimated, considering the role that hematophagous arthropods display as vectors of pathogens of medical and veterinary concern.

scholarly journals Endoparasites in domestic animals surrounding an Atlantic Forest remnant, in São Paulo State, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaiá da Paixão Sevá ◽  
Hilda Fátima de Jesus Pena ◽  
Alessandra Nava ◽  
Amanda Oliveira de Sousa ◽  
Luciane Holsback ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Atlantic Rain Forest ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Control

Abstract Morro do Diabo State Park (MDSP) is a significant remnant of the Atlantic Rain Forest in Brazil and is surrounded by rural properties. In that area, wild and domestic animals and humans are in close contact, which facilitates the two-way flow of infectious diseases among them. We assessed endoparasites in domestic livestock from all rural properties surrounding MDSP. There were sampled 197 cattle, 37 horses, 11 sheep, 25 swine, 21 dogs, one cat and 62 groups of chickens from 10 large private properties and 75 rural settlements. Eimeria spp. was present in almost all hosts, excepted in horses, dogs and cats. Giardia cysts were present only in cattle. Nematodes were found in swine, ruminants and horses in high prevalence. Ancylostoma, Toxocara and Sarcocystis were found in dogs. Chickens were found with coccidia, Ascaridida and Capillaria spp.. These parasites can cause malnutrition and reproductive disorders for their hosts. Strategies to prevent and control the spread of endoparasites can improve wildlife, animal and human health in this area.

Planning to reach for a rotating rod

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claes von Hofsten ◽  
Katarina Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Reach To Grasp ◽  
Almost All

Abstract. Hand adjustments of 6- and 10-month-old infants and adults were studied as they reach to grasp a rotating rod. It was found that the subjects in all three age groups adjusted the hand prospectively to the rotating rod during the approach of it. They also adjusted the reaches to the rotating rod in such a way that almost all of the grasps were overhand ones as predicted by the endpoint comfort hypothesis. Finally, it was found that the rotation of the hand was made up of movement units as translational movements are, and that the approach units were relatively independent of the rotational ones.

The Changing Faces of the Terror of Cultism in Nigerian Society: An Islamic Perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
Abdulrazaq Kilani
Keyword(s):  
Religious Movements ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
New Religious Movements ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
National Life ◽  
Indigenous Religions ◽  
Almost All ◽  
New Recruits ◽  
Populous Country

The menace of cultism in Nigeria society in general and our educational institutions in particular has reached an alarming stage that requires affirmative actions from all stakeholders. The scourge of cultism has claimed many lives of our youths and no serious authority can fold its arms and allow it to continue. It appears that the various efforts at curbing the menace have yielded no result. The corruption in most facets of our national life has finally subdued the educational institutions, which used to be the pride of place in the past. Most families are astonished to find out that children sent to school to learn and become better human beings in the society have initiated themselves into cult groups. The emergency of secret cultism has been characterized by some violent activities which include, physical torture of new recruits, maiming and killing of rival cult members and elimination of real and perceived enemies. Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, is composed of more than 250 ethnic groups with 36 states and one federal territory (Abuja). There are three major religions namely Islam (50%), Christianity (40%), and Africa Indigenous Religions (10%). The effect of globalization is also making other new religious movements to be making inroads into Nigeria. Nigeria has a population of about 141 million people (2006 census). Nigeria which is rich in both human and material resources is a country that is facing a lot of developmental challenges in almost all sectors due to poor leadership. The menace of cultism especially among youths and some influential people in the society represents one of the distortion facing the popular ‘giant’ of Africa. The aim of this chapter is to bring into the fore the menace of cultism in modern Nigeria as a brand of terrorism mind not the fact that there are even religious cults in both the developed and developing societies. The paper also adopted an Islamic lens to provide an analysis of the terror of cultism in contemporary Nigeria.

Convergence in norming and control of modern wireless technologies electromagnetic fields

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 610-613
Author(s):  
Michail Yu. Maslov ◽  
Yuri M. Spodobaev
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Telecommunications Industry ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Wireless Technologies ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Network Technologies ◽  
And Control

Telecommunications industry evolution shows the highest rates of transition to high-tech systems and is accompanied by a trend of deep mutual penetration of technologies - convergence. The dominant telecommunication technologies have become wireless communication systems. The widespread use of modern wireless technologies has led to the saturation of the environment with technological electromagnetic fields and the actualization of the problems of protecting the population from them. This fundamental restructuring has led to a uniform dense placement of radiating fragments of network technologies in the mudflow areas. The changed parameters of the emitted fields became the reason for the revision of the regulatory and methodological support of electromagnetic safety. A fragmented structural, functional and parametric analysis of the problem of protecting the population from the technological fields of network technologies revealed uncertainty in the interpretation of real situations, vulnerability, weakness and groundlessness of the methodological basis of sanitary-hygienic approaches. It is shown that this applies to all stages of the electromagnetic examination of the emitting fragments of network technologies. Distrust arises on the part of specialists and the population in not only the system of sanitary-hygienic control, but also the safety of modern network technologies is being called into question. Growing social tensions and radio phobia are everywhere accompanying the development of wireless communication technologies. The basis for solving almost all problems of protecting the population can be the transfer of subjective methods and means of monitoring and sanitary-hygienic control of electromagnetic fields into the field of IT.

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