Mimar Sinan Era Kulliyes in the Ottoman Urban Landscape

Belleten ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (299) ◽  
pp. 75-104
Author(s):  
Alev Erarslan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Fire Prevention ◽  
Ottoman Architecture ◽  
Functional Distribution ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Activities

The Master Ottoman Architect Sinan, known as Mimar Sinan, produced numerous works of different character, among these, mosques, madrasahs, masjids (prayer rooms), khans (inns), caravanserais, covered bazaars, hammams (bath-houses), darüşşifa (hospitals), imarets (hospices), darülkurra (Koranic schools), sibyan mektebi (primary schools), tekke (lodges), waterways, aqueducts, fountains and palaces. Sinan is an architect that imprinted his mark upon his era by not repeating himself in any of the structures he created. Appointed the head of the Sultan's Society of Architects in 1538, Sinan created a great number of architectural works. Throughout the years of his long career in Ottoman architecture, in which time he produced an expansive typology of works, Architect Sinan also made a major contribution to urban planning. As Chief Architect, Sinan was responsible for many urban activities having to do with wastewater, fire prevention and the repair of many public buildings in Istanbul. Although documentation pertaining to Sinan's concept of the urban environment is scant, an analysis of all his structures suggests the existence of a delicate notion of city planning. Looking into the placement of the structures, their functional distribution within the city, the special roles they play in the general urban landscape, as well as their relationships to each other, it is not difficult to witness the rational conceptualization of a city. This article will attempt to examine the works of Architect Sinan in terms of his perspective on kulliye architecture, analyzing the contributions he made to these structures within the urban fabric, and to review his major kulliyes as intrinsic parts of the entirety of the city.

scholarly journals The Role of Participation in Urban Landscape Planning in Yokohama: The Success of the Takashima Central Park Project

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-72
Author(s):  
Marco Akira Klebel
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
Central Park ◽  
City Construction ◽  
The City

Abstract In Japan, citizens’ participation in urban planning is called machizukuri. This kind of cooperation between citizens and city administration in urban planning appeared in the 1970s, as a countermovement to the traditional top-down urban planning called toshikeikaku of the 1960s. Municipal city planning increasingly encouraged machizukuri projects, allowing citizens to participate in planning activities. The City of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture promoted innovative methods of participation. From the ‘Letters to the Mayor’ in the late 1960s to current programmes, the City of Yokohama established many support measures for machizukuri activities and in the 1990s the administration approved the engagement of citizens as an important management tool, as seen in the City Construction Project for the Citizens of Yokohama. One contribution to this project is the Takashima Central Park Project, which started in 2008 and which is considered by many critics as a very successful participation project. This paper focuses on the questions of how far the Takashima Central Park Project was successful and what the reasons for success or unspoken failure were by referring to the theories of the German political scientist Angelika Vetter and the German political sociologist Brigitte Geißel. The research is based on qualitative interviews with some of the people involved, such as citizens, planners and administrative personnel. The article will identify the various aspects of the complex variable ‘success’ and their interdependence.

scholarly journals COMFORT OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

2019 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Т. Кочеткова ◽  
T. Kochetkova ◽  
Н. Алейникова ◽  
N. Aleinikova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Modern City ◽  
District Center ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
Planning Concepts ◽  
The City

The idea of creating a comfortable, truly convenient city for all residents excites the minds of architects and urban planners for hundreds of years. A modern city, both a megalopolis and a district center, should be a comfortable environment in terms of functionality, ecology, aesthetics and safety. The article analyzes the methods for assessing the comfort of the urban environment, considers the parameters of a comprehensive assessment of the urban development complex. Modern urban planning concepts, such as smart development and the program of sustainable development of territories, are considered. A critical approach to modernism and constructivism in urban planning is applied. The analysis of urban planning theories based on the historical and cultural uniqueness of the city, as well as "free spaces" in the modern city is carried out on the example of the cities of Chandigarh (India) and Brasilia (Brazil). The ideas of a new urbanism, the humanization of urban space, the concept of the city for people, not for cars are explored. The possibilities of using the balance of social interests in the organization of the urban landscape are considered. The ratio of functionality and privacy of the urban environment is shown by the example of multi-storey and quarter buildings. The parameters necessary to create a comfortable urban environment are offered.

Problems of Analysis of Design and Research Methods of Interaction with the Urban Environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
П. В. Капустин ◽  
А. И. Гаврилов
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Environmental Movement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Types Of Knowledge ◽  
Historical Dynamics ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City ◽  
Research And Design

Состояние проблемы. Проблематика городской среды заявила о себе в 1960-е годы как протест против модернистских методов урбанизма и других видов проектирования. Средовое движение не случайно тогда именовали «антипрофессиональным» - оно было направлено против устоявшихся и недейственных методов работы с городом - от исследования до управления. За прошедшие десятилетия в рамках самого средового движения и его идейных наследников наработано немало методов и приемов работы, однако они до сих не подвергались анализу как пребывающая в исторической динамике целостная совокупность инструментария, альтернативного традиционному градостроительству. Результаты. Рассмотрены особенности и проблемы анализа методологического «арсенала» средового движения и урбанистики. Методы работы с городской средой впервые структурированы по типам знания. Показана близость методов исследовательского и проектного подходов в отношении городской среды. Выводы. В ближайшее время можно ожидать появления новых синтетических знаний и частных методологий, связанных как с обострением средовой проблематики, с расширением круга средовых акторов, так и с процессом профессионализации урбанистики. Statement of the problem. The urban environment paradigm emerged in the 1960s as a protest against the modernist methods of urbanism and other types of design. It was no coincidence that the environmental movement was back then called "anti-professional" as it was directed against the established and ineffective methods of working with the city, i. e., from research to management. Over the past decades, within the framework of the environmental movement and its ideological heirs, a lot of methods and have been developed. However, they have not yet been analyzed as an integral set of tools in the historical dynamics which is an alternative to traditional urban planning. Results. The features and problems of the analysis of the methodological “arsenal” of environmental movement and urban studies are considered. The methods of working with the urban environment are first structured according to the types of knowledge. The proximity of research and design approaches in the case when the urban environment is dealt with is shown. Conclusions. In the nearest future, we can expect new synthetic knowledge and particular methodologies related to both the exacerbation of environmental problems to emerge as well as the expansion of the circle of environmental actors and the process of professionalization of urbanstics.

Bike your City: Planning and Designing Cycling Infrastructure in the Urban Environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jack J. Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Design Case Study ◽  
Architecture And Design ◽  
Graphical Design ◽  
The City

<p>Cycling is a memory of the past for most of us, the lack of support from the authorities on the cycling infrastructure made it difficult to attract people to cycle in the city. Urban sprawl, traffic congestion, car dependency, environmental pollution and public health concerns have pressured cities around the world to consider reintegrating cycling into the urban environment.  Design as a research method was utilised to investigate the effectiveness of design methodology and workflow for cycling infrastructure from an architecture and design perspective. Using Wellington City as a design case study, this research aimed to improve the legibility, usability and the image of cycling as a mode of transport in the city. To achieve this, a customisable graphical design framework and branding strategies were developed to structure and organise the design components within cycling infrastructure. The findings from the iterative design processes were visualised through the appropriate architectural and presentation conventions.  This research provided an unique architectural perspectives on the issues of cycling infrastructure; the results would support the transportation advisers and urban planners to further the development and integration of cycling, as a viable mode of transport, within the city.</p>

scholarly journals The visual-landscape analysis during the integration of high-rise buildings within the historic urban environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 01044
Author(s):  
Vera A. Akristiniy ◽  
Elena A. Dikova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Landscape Analysis ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Visual Landscape ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Typological Structure ◽  
The City ◽  
Information Database

The article is devoted to one of the types of urban planning studies - the visual-landscape analysis during the integration of high-rise buildings within the historic urban environment for the purposes of providing pre-design and design studies in terms of preserving the historical urban environment and the implementation of the reconstructional resource of the area. In the article formed and systematized the stages and methods of conducting the visual-landscape analysis taking into account the influence of high-rise buildings on objects of cultural heritage and valuable historical buildings of the city. Practical application of the visual-landscape analysis provides an opportunity to assess the influence of hypothetical location of high-rise buildings on the perception of a historically developed environment and optimal building parameters. The contents of the main stages in the conduct of the visual - landscape analysis and their key aspects, concerning the construction of predicted zones of visibility of the significant historically valuable urban development objects and hypothetically planned of the high-rise buildings are revealed. The obtained data are oriented to the successive development of the planning and typological structure of the city territory and preservation of the compositional influence of valuable fragments of the historical environment in the structure of the urban landscape. On their basis, an information database is formed to determine the permissible urban development parameters of the high-rise buildings for the preservation of the compositional integrity of the urban area.

scholarly journals The system of landscaping and improvement of Rostov: problems and prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 06006
Author(s):  
Albina Mokina ◽  
Evelina Vereshchagina
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Modern City ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
The City

At present, the environment of a large modern city is technologically saturated to the limit, urbanized, and the most important task is a competent system of improvement and greening of urban areas. The article discusses the key projects of the city of Rostov-on-don to improve the quality of the urban environment from 2007 to the present. Existing projects included in the system of Federal projects operate only on small sections of the city territory, and do not solve the entire set of tasks within the entire city budget. This study shows that in urban planning there is no unified system of improvement and landscaping, implemented throughout the city according to a single plan. The article points out that modern systems and technologies are not used in the city, and if they are used, they are not used in a complex way, but only in fragments. The article focuses on the prospects for the integrated application of modern systems. The final part contains conclusions based on research materials. A comprehensive solution based on the collaboration of science and technology, all existing problems in the city territory will improve the main indicators of comfort and investment attractiveness of Rostov-on-don.

scholarly journals Strategies to Improve Sustainability in Urban Landscape, Literature Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Rakhshandehroo ◽  
Mohd Johari Mohd Yusof ◽  
Roozbeh Arabi ◽  
Rasul Jahandarfard
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Economic ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Urban Greening

Abstract Decreasing green spaces is a significant concern in today’s compact cities while they provide various dimensions of sustainability; therefore, sustainable development has become the key idea to solve a series of environmental, economic and social problems. Because urban green space can be seen from different distinct disciplinary perspectives, this study reviews theories and material based on multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches. Urban development and renewal should be accompanied by a green vision, to insert more plantable spaces into the urban environment. Therefore, sustainable urban planning, design and management are needed to improve urban greening by innovative and creative strategies.

THE ALGORITHM OF ASSESSMENT OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT BASED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF BIOSPHERIC COMPATIBILITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Vladimirovna BAKAEVA ◽  
Irina Victorovna CHERNYAEVA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Criteria And Indicators ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
Innovative System ◽  
The City

In order to create an environment favorable for human development and preservation of the natural environment of the city by means of architecture and urban planning, the need for theoretical justifi cation of urban planning and urban development practices, taking into account the new requirements for the mechanisms of formation of the urban environment. Based on the fundamental principles of the concept of biosphere compatibility, an algorithm for assessing urban development was developed, criteria and indicators for assessing the quality of the urban environment were determined. Using the developed algorithm, the analysis of the feasibility of the principles of biosphere compatibility in urban development of the city of Orel. It is concluded that it is necessary to create an innovative system of employment and strategic planning for the development of urban areas on the principles of biosphere compatibility.

VARIANTS OF INTEGRATION OF HIGHLY DEPRECIATED OBJECTS OF HISTORICAL HERITAGE INTO SECONDARY DEVELOPMENT OF THE URBAN NODE

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Tatyana G. ARTEMYEVA ◽  
Ekaterina M. BALZANNIKOVA ◽  
Anastasia K. LEONOVA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Secondary Development ◽  
Development Cost ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
The City

On the example of Samara city gradual degradation of cultural heritage associated with the loss of former functionality is viewed. The existing approach to the construction in the historical part of the city secondary development cost-eff ective objects due to replacement of perimeter buildings by island development is analyzed. For the integration of cultural heritage into the secondary development of the urban node with preserving the typological features of historically established urban planning structure the method of alternative reconstruction is proposed. It supposes the preservation of buildings authentic parts and (or) the restoration of lost elements with the possibility of using of contour of the bearing walls as urban environment elements.

Comparative Research on Evolution Process of Urban Planning of Songyuan City

2014 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 501-506
Author(s):  
Jing Lv ◽  
Yan Zong
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Development Process ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Evolution Process ◽  
City Development ◽  
Land Use Structure ◽  
The City

In the process of city development and construction, an oriented urban planning can reasonably determine the direction of the development,the population and land use structure of the city,in order to make overall arrangements and coordinate all aspects of the contradictions. Urban planning has become a necessary part in the development of the city. This paper summarizes the overall plannings of the city of Songyuan over the years, so that readers can clearly grasp the Songyuan city planning and development process and get some enlightenment.

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