scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE DEPENDENCE OF SHIP POWER PLANTS EXHAUST GASES PURIFICATION DEGREE ON CORROSION RESISTANCE AND THE AMOUNT OF THE CATALYTIC MATERIAL COMPOSITION

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-192
Author(s):  
Nina N. Gorlova ◽  
Gennady V. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Purification ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Catalytic Material ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Sulfur And Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Degree Of Purification

A significant negative impact on the environmental components (atmosphere and hydrosphere) is provided by water transport as a result of the use of “heavy” fuels and the lack of effective exhaust gas purification systems. One of the technologically and cost-effective is the cleaning of spent marine power plants using catalytic converters. An optimal degree of purification of exhaust gases from sulfur and nitrogen compounds is ensured by using catalytic materials in porous permeable SHS purification systems.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF MARINE POWER PLANTS EXHAUST GASES TEMPERATURE ON THE QUALITY OF THEIR CLEANING USING THE CATALYTIC NEUTRALIZATION METHOD

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
Gennady V. Medvedev ◽  
Mikhail Y. Khramov
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Catalytic Material ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Degree Of Purification

The use of catalytic neutralization for the purification of harmful emissions from ship power plants can significantly reduce the negative impact of exhaust gases on all environmental objects. The attractiveness of the proposed method lies in the possibility of selecting the appropriate composition of the catalytic material depending on the required degree of purification.The functional properties of catalytic materials are largely determined by the qualitative and quantitative composition of the material used, as well as the conditions of its operation - the temperature regime.In order to determine the acceptable composition of the catalytic converter material, we made an analyses of materials of various compositions. The optimum degree of purification was achieved on materials containing valuable components (rhodium, iridium, palladium). However, the issue of reducing the treatment system cost is important. So, the possibility of replacing such metals with ore grindings (bastnesite, loparite) has been studied in the paper.

scholarly journals Development of a Cost Effective Catalytic Converter for Diesel Automobiles

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 2989-2994
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Oxygen Storage ◽  
Catalytic Converters ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Developed Countries

The purpose of the work presented in this paper is to find and suggest a suitable solution to the exhaust pollution coming from the Diesel Automobiles particularly in the metro cities. Due to incomplete combustion of fuel oil pollutants like CO, HC, NOx are released into atmosphere causing negative impact on air quality, environment and human health. Researchers all over the world concentrated on how to reduce the pollutants. Euro norms specify the allowable percentages of CO, HC and NOx in the exhaust gases. Euro norms being implemented in the developed countries have given stringent values which has led to the development of catalytic converter which is an added equipment in automobile. Hitherto in the catalytic converters supplied in modern cars, Platinum and Rhodium metals are used for coating monoliths. These metals are rare and hence expensive. In the research carried out by the authors, suitable monolith substrates are tested and used in the catalytic converters with coating materials like CeO2 , ZrO2 over clay marbles, Copper Monolith and SS Discs which help NOx¬ abatement and oxygen storage. These were designed, fabricated and tested on automobiles. The results are encouraging showing marked fall of pollutants in exhaust gases.

scholarly journals GAS TURBINE DIRECT EXHAUST GAS INTEGRATION IN PROCESS INDUSTRY – REVIEW OF APPLICATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR POLISH MARKET

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Cichocki ◽  
Ilona Salamonik ◽  
Marcin Bielecki ◽  
Ever Fadlun ◽  
Artur Rusowicz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Engine ◽  
Process Industry ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Absorption Chillers ◽  
Potential Applications

The typical combined heat and power plants requires the introduction of additional heating medium. The alternative solution is the direct integration of the exhaust gases from heat engine. The high temperature, surplus oxygen and low water content of the GTs exhaust gases enabled the successful integration at industrial scale as: preheated combustion air for industrial furnaces, heat source for drying and for absorption chillers. The article comprises the reference list for direct exhaust gas integration of GTs produced by GE, the processes overview, GTs selection criteria, as well as the review of documented GTs applications in process industry focusing on technical and economic considerations. The described solutions allowed to reduce the specific energy consumption in the range from 7 to 20% or the costs of energy consumption by 15-30%. The overall efficiency of cogeneration plant above 90% was achieved. The preliminary assessment of potential applications for GTs produced by GE with TEG integration in Polish process industry is done.

scholarly journals Improved Optimization for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse System Using Computational Intelligence

Complexity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zong Woo Geem ◽  
Sung Yong Chung ◽  
Jin-Hong Kim
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Harmony Search ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Harmony Search Algorithm ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Reuse Options

River water pollution by wastewater can cause significant negative impact on the aquatic sustainability. Hence, accurate modeling of this complicated system and its cost-effective treatment and reuse decision is very important because this optimization process is related to economic expenditure, societal health, and environmental deterioration. In order to optimize this complex system, we may consider three treatment or reuse options such as microscreening filtration, nitrification, and fertilization-oriented irrigation on top of two existing options such as settling and biological oxidation. The objective of this environmental optimization is to minimize the economic expenditure of life cycle costs while satisfying the public health standard in terms of groundwater quality and the environmental standard in terms of river water quality. Particularly, this study improves existing optimization model by pinpointing the critical deficit location of dissolved oxygen sag curve by using analytic differentiation. Also, the proposed formulation considers more practical constraints such as maximal size of irrigation area and minimal amount of filtration treatment process. The results obtained by using an evolutionary algorithm, named a parameter-setting-free harmony search algorithm, show that the proposed model successfully finds optimal solutions while conveniently locating the critical deficit point.

scholarly journals Resilience and reliability for electricity networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Jill M. Cainey
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Major Event ◽  
Electricity Networks ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Network Investment ◽  
The Impact

Electricity networks in Australia operate in a highly regulated framework. This framework monitors network investment to ensure positive benefits for customers and includes incentivised performance standards that cover reliability. In the current standards, major event days are excluded from the statistics for outages, because they are deemed to be outside the control of the network operators. Outages on major event days are typically the result of severe weather and tend to be prolonged and have a significant negative impact on customers, but current regulations do not cover such events. The ability of any system to be ready for and recover from a major event is described as resilience, but resilience is not an incentivised activity for electricity networks and the impact of climate change means that major event days are increasing in number, leading to higher costs for customers. Without a regulatory focus on resilience, a network may meet or exceed reliability standards, while still not being resilient in major events. Investing in reliability does not always deliver resilience, but investing in resilience is demonstrated to deliver significant improvements in both resilience and reliability, resulting in beneficial performance outcomes for customers using cost-effective and efficient network investment approaches.

scholarly journals Environmental effect of molecular degradation of internal combustion engine exhaust gases

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
В.В. Мурамович ◽  
В.Ю. Каминский ◽  
С.Н. Турусов
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Toxic Components

Рассматривается экологическая проблема очистки отработавших газов углеводородных энергетических установок от токсичных компонентов. Показан состав основных токсичных компонентов, приведены значения энергии связи их молекул. Представлены существующие методы улучшения экологических характеристик двигателей внутреннего сгорания: рециркуляция отработавших газов, снижение степени сжатия, уменьшение угла опережения впрыска, добавление присадок к топливу и др. Перечислены их достоинства и недостатки. Предлагается новый метод – использование электромагнитных полей для очистки отработавших газов от токсичных компонентов. Выполнен оценочный расчет его эффективности. Показано, что применение устройств модификации в топливной системе двигателей внутреннего сгорания, а также в системе выпуска отработавших газов позволяет существенно снизить выбросы в окружающую среду вредных веществ, и, при этом, не требует принципиальных изменений в конструкции двигателей. Рабочий ресурс предлагаемых устройств электромагнитной обработки обусловлен применяемыми для их изготовления материалами. The ecological problem of cleaning the exhaust gases of hydrocarbon power plants from toxic components is considered. The composition of the main toxic components is shown; the values of the binding energy of their molecules are given. The existing methods of improving the environmental characteristics of internal combustion engines are presented: exhaust gas recirculation, reduction of the compression ratio, reduction of the injection advance angle, addition of fuel additives, etc. Their advantages and disadvantages are listed. A new method is proposed – the use of electromagnetic fields for cleaning exhaust gases from toxic components. An estimated calculation of its effectiveness is performed. It is shown that the use of modification devices in the fuel system of internal combustion engines, as well as in the exhaust gas system, can significantly reduce emissions of harmful substances into the environment, and, at the same time, does not require fundamental changes in the design of engines. The materials used for their manufacture determine the working life of the proposed electromagnetic processing devices.

Comparison of Time spent between an electronic and a paper-based laboratory information system by laboratorians at a polyclinic in Greater Accra, Ghana: A time-motion study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Boakye
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Laboratory Information System ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Accessible Information ◽  
Motion Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Motion Studies

The acceptance of electronic laboratory information system (LIS) is gradually increasing in developing countries. However, the issue of time effectiveness due to computerization is less clear as there is fewer accessible information. One of the key issues for laboratorians is their indecision with LISs’ would-be effect of time on their work. A polyclinic in Ghana was in the process of implementing electronic LIS. Several of the laboratorians did not have knowledge and skill in computing and there were disagreeing views on the time effectiveness of the LIS after implementation. The management of the polyclinic laboratory was concerned to assess time advantageousness of recording data when using the electronic LIS compared with paper-based LIS. <div><br></div><div>Five randomly selected laboratorians were provided two sheets of paper with tables to document the time they spent for both paper-based and electronic LIS. Data were collected for a total of 230 records,115 electronic LIS and 115 paper-based LIS. The t-test (mean-comparison test) was computed to compare the means of both electronic and paperbased LIS times. </div><div><br></div><div>There was a statistical significant difference in the time spent between electronic and paper-based LIS. The time spent between paper-based and electronic LIS was 0.41 minutes (95% CI 0.15 to 0.66) longer than in electronic LIS. </div><div><br></div><div>LIS can be adopted in polyclinics without having significant negative impact on time spent between electronic and paper-based LIS. More time–motion studies that include laboratorians are however necessary in order to get a more complete picture of time spent between electronic and paper-based LIS. </div>

REMANIT 4509

Alloy Digest ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Purification ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Scale Resistance ◽  
High Degree

Abstract REMANIT 4509 was developed specially for silencers and exhaust gas purification plants. Due to its composition, this steel exhibits scale resistance up to 950 C and a high degree of corrosion resistance to the gases occurring in the exhaust system. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-613. Producer or source: Thyssen Stahl AG.

TO THE QUESTION OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF ARTIFICIAL PLANTATIONS OF PITSUNDSKAYA PINE IN THE SEASIDE AREA OF GELENDZHIK

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Derevenets ◽  
Elizaveta Derevenets
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Road ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Gelendzhik is the resort town, there aren't a lot of industrial enterprises here. The main pollutant is transport. The work purpose is the assessment of a condition of the artificial landings of a pine located along the Federal highway "Don" and landings, which is nearly the sea coast. Researches were conducted to a standard technique of the General vital state (A. S. Bogolyubov). The assessment of a condition of pines was carried out during 6 years: from 2010 to 2015. For carrying out research we used 6 experimental grounds on the Markotkhsky spine and 2 control grounds within the town. We investigated 24 trees on each platform, middle age of the trees were 30 - 40 years. Results. 1. The condition of trees in the pine forests located in immediate proximity with the Federal highway "Don" (No. 1, 2, 3) is unsatisfactory. As even weak influences of the majority of atmospheric gaseous pollutants (sulphurous gas, nitrogen oxides, etc.) give effect of a necrosis and hloroz of pine needles, the condition of pines is connected with technogenic pollution. So near the Federal highway "Don" the air environment is strongly polluted by exhaust gases. Information of 2012 confirm that negative influence of the route on Markotkh's vegetation decreases at reduction of load of the route. 2. On the sites located above on a slope (No. 4,5,6) thanks to remoteness and the wind mode intensity of influence of pollutants is lower and a condition of pines the quite satisfactory. 3. Trees on the sites located near the sea (No. 7,8) are in a good shape. Small deterioration of a state is noted in very droughty years. Conclusion. Results of six years' research show that the condition of the plantings which are in close proximity with the road worsens. It is explained by increase in intensity of the movement on the road, especially during a resort season. Gelendzhik is the city with a good ecological shape, but the damage to environment is already caused. If not to take measures, we can lose a unique part of the nature in the future, recreate it will be impossible. Measures of reduction of negative impact of exhaust gases were offered. Results of researches are transferred to ecological department of the City administration of Gelendzhik.

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