scholarly journals INTERMODAL CARGO TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGIES ON FERRIES: A MODERN ASPECT

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Vladimir K. Kalachev ◽  
Maxim V. Kartashov
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Baltic Basin ◽  
Tatar Strait ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cargo Transportation ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Transportation Technologies

The article provides the concept of intermodal technology, considers ferry types and their advantages and disadvantages; describes the material and technical base of cargo transportation on ferries, design features of ferries, the technology for loading, transporting and unloading of wagons and cars. Reducing the transportation distance and cargo operations time make it possible to increase cargo transportation efficiency on ferries in comparison with transportation of the same cargo with numerous transshipments from one transport type to another. The history of ferry lines development in Russia and abroad emphasizes the importance of type of transportation. In Russia, the history of cargo transportation on ferries is considered to be from the end of the XIX century. There were five ferry lines operating in the former USSR. The article considers such lines as the Kerch line between the Crimea and the Caucasus and the Vanino – Kholmsk line through the Tatar Strait. The development of cargo transportation in the post-Soviet period in the Baltic and Caspian basins is considered in detail. The table shows an analysis of the cargo transshipment volume carried by ferries in the main sea basins of Russia. The history of ferry lines development in Europe began in the middle of the ХIХ century in Scotland and Ireland. The greatest development of ro-ro cargo transportation was achieved in the countries of the Baltic basin. Such transportation is also being developed in Japan, the United States and other countries.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL FACILITIES AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR TRANSPORTATION OF GRAIN CARGO IN UKRAINE BY LARGE TRANSPORT

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-85
Author(s):  
О. В. МУРАДЯН
Keyword(s):  
Development Program ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cargo Transportation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Transportation Technologies ◽  
Cost Of Transportation

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the development of technologies and technical means of transportation of grain cargoes by rail in Ukraine. Methodology. The research was carried out on the basis of methods for analyzing the state of development of the processes of transportation of grain cargo in Ukraine and in other states, as well as analysis of literature sources, statistical reports on the export of grain, the state of railways. Results. The paper deals with the history of development and the problem of organizing cargo transportation to seaports by independent carriers. The needs for reducing the cost of transportation of grain cargo are determined. It has been established that when solving this issue, one should use the achievements of domestic scientists, as well as the know-how of advanced developed countries in the implementation of grain transportation. The study shows the potential for applying foreign experience, taking into account the peculiarities of the local specifics of the development of political and geographic conditions and the existing infrastructure. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that it provides a study of methods for organizing the transportation of grain cargo by rail, used in the world and an analysis of the possibility of their application in Ukraine. Practical significance. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that it can be used for further research, development of a state development program and assistance to the agro-industrial industry of Ukraine, in the analysis of the construction of new elevators, the introduction of new transportation technologies, as well as for assessing the costs associated with various logistics schemes for grain delivery to seaports.

Correspondence of the Director of the Library of Congress with the President of the United States: on the History of Acquisition of the Collection of G.V. Yudin

2013 ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Harold Leich ◽  
Anastasia A. Korniyenko
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Library Of Congress ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Personal Library

The article presents the unpublished correspondence of October, 1906, between the Librarian of Congress and the President of the United States, where there are discussed the advantages and disadvantages of acquiring by the Library of the large personal library (81,000 volumes) of G.V. Yudin, Krasnoyarsk merchant. The article also presents the Memorandum from a previous Librarian of Congress, arguing strongly against the purchase of the collection.

scholarly journals Formation and Development of Ethnic Ukrainians in Crimea (End of the 18th — Beginning of the 21st Century) in Domestic Historiography

2021 ◽  
pp. 170-193
Author(s):  
Iryna Krasnodemska
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Guerrilla Warfare ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article describes the state of scientific research on the history of the formation of the Ukrainian community in Crimea in the late 18th – early 21st century, which appeared in the 1990s – early 2000s, when, after the revival of its autonomy, there was a breakthrough in research on various aspects of Crimean history, and written at a new, higher level on the principles of historicism, objectivity, alternativeness. It is the post-Soviet period that is characterized by extensive scholarly discussions on the history of Crimea and the prospects for its development. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of works, which comprehend the debatable issues of the common historical destiny of Ukraine and Crimea, debunk the myths of “originally Russian Crimea”, highlight the problems of solving the Crimean question in 1917–1920, chronology of P. Bolbachan’s campaign, proclamation of Crimean republics in 1918–1921, the Bolsheviks pursuing a policy of indigenization in the Crimea, the famine of the 1920s–1930s and repression on the peninsula, as well as guerrilla warfare during World War II. The author claims that after 1991, hundreds of academic monographs and articles appeared, dozens of dissertations were defended, and a number of academic conferences on various areas of Crimean history were held.It is established that there is no comprehensive study of the formation of the community of Ukrainians in Crimea at the end of the 18th – beginning of the 21st century. Scarcely studied is the sociopolitical, demographic, economic situation of Ukrainians on the peninsula during the collapse of the Russian Empire and the existence of national and quasi-state formations on its territory, as well as the policy of Crimean regional governments towards Ukrainians and the policy of UPR and Ukrainian State governments regarding the protection of Ukrainians in Crimea, its state affiliation, etc. A comprehensive analysis is required for the policy of Ukraine towards the Ukrainian ethnic community of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol in 1991–2014, as well as the occupation policy of the Russian Federation after 2014, which led to discrimination against Crimean Ukrainians and the threat of assimilation of some of them. The annexation of Crimea, which took place in violation of the Constitutions of Ukraine and the ARC, laws of Ukraine and universally recognized international legal norms, rights and freedoms of Ukrainian citizens living in Crimea, was a pre-arranged special operation, information and propaganda policy being one of its key components. Currently, the problems of the emergence and overcoming of pro-Russian identity in Crimea at the present stage and the development of ways to optimize the system of public administration and national security of Ukraine are insufficiently studied.

scholarly journals 29th Baltic Conference on the History of Science in Vilnius

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1-91
Author(s):  
Ramūnas Kondratas ◽  
Birutė Railienė
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Thermo Fisher Scientific ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vilnius University ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
University Museum

Welcome to the 29th Baltic Conference on the History of Science. This conference carries on the tradition of rotating conferences in the Baltic countries (now including Finland) which was begun in the summer of 1958. This year it is part of Vilnius University’s celebration of its 440th anniversary, and thus the theme Science and the University. The lectures in our plenary session will explore in greater depth the founding during the interwar period of the major national universities in the Baltic States and Finland. The presentations in our general sessions are divided into five sections: medicine, biological sciences, physical sciences, science and technology, and philosophy. In addition to presenters from the Baltic States and Finland, there will be representatives from Poland, Russia, Ukraine and the United States. I would like to thank the members of the organizing and local arrangements committees for their help, and especially Birutė Railienė, the secretary-treasurer of the Lithuanian Association of the History and Philosophy of Science, and Barbara Omelčenko, the Vilnius University Museum administrator. We are very grateful for support from Vilnius University which has provided the facilities for our conference and the very generous financial contribution from Thermo Fisher Scientific Baltics. The organization of this conference in Lithuania began under the very able leadership of Prof. Juozapas Algimantas Krikštopaitis, who was the heart and soul and long-time head of the Lithuanian Association of the History and Philosophy of Science. Unfortunately, he died last year and passed the baton onto me. An In Memoriam for Prof. Krikštopaitis can be found in the front of the abstract booklet. In the name of us all, I would like to dedicate this conference in his memory.Dr. Ramūnas KondratasPresident, Baltic Association of the History and Philosophy of SciencePresident, Lithuanian Association of the History and Philosophy of Science

Confession

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick W. Carey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Catholic Theology ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
American Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Society ◽  
Catholic Tradition ◽  
American Catholic

Confession is a history of penance as a virtue and a sacrament in the United States from about 1634, the origin of Catholicism in Maryland, to 2015, fifty years after the major theological and disciplinary changes initiated by the Second Vatican Council (1962–65). The history of the Catholic theology and practice of penance is analyzed within the larger context of American Protestant penitential theology and discipline and in connection with divergent interpretations of biblical penitential language (sin, repentance, forgiveness, reconciliation) that Jews, Protestants, Orthodox Christians, and Catholics shared in the American body politic. The overall argument of the text is that the Catholic theology and practice of penance, so much opposed by the inheritors of the Protestant Reformation, kept alive the biblical penitential language in the United States at least until the mid 1960s when Catholic penitential discipline changed and the practice of sacramental confession declined precipitously. Those changes within the American Catholic tradition contributed to the more general eclipse of penitential language in American society as a whole. From the 1960s onward penitential language was overshadowed increasingly by the language of conflict and controversy. In the current climate of controversy and conflict, such a text may help Americans understand how much their society has departed from the penitential language of the earlier American tradition and consider what the advantages and disadvantages of such a departure are.

The Arc of Justice: The Ethical Implications of Framing the HIV/AIDS Pandemic as a National Security Threat: An Annotated Bibliography

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-61
Author(s):  
Jennifer Logan Coyle
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annotated Bibliography ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv Aids

This annotated bibliography explores the ethical implications of the U.S. Government's reframing of HIV/AIDS in Africa from a public health to a national security threat in the late 1990s. It emphasizes the advantages and disadvantages from a utilitarian viewpoint of likely increased national agenda and funding priority in the United States and the offsetting potential distrust of developing countries about the long history of U.S. exploitation and colonialism. The annotated selections are drawn primarily from U.S. Government documents and news reports during 1999–2000 when this transition was occurring.

On the History of Recording Tide Gauges

1972 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Matthäus
Keyword(s):  
Tide Gauge ◽  
The United States ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Level Gauge ◽  
Tide Gauges ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Baltic

SynopsisRecords of water levels date from the first hydrospheric observations. The levels of inland and coastal waters are recorded with the use of tide gauges of various types and construction. The float-level gauge, however, is by far the most frequently used.The oldest self-recording tide gauge was constructed by Henry R. Palmer, civil engineer of the London Dock Company, in 1831. A float resting on the water is placed in a well communicating with the river. The motion of the water surface is transmitted to the recording machine by wheels and shafts which act on a pencil rack. As the water level rises and falls, by the combined motions of a clock and the tide the pencil produces a line as a function of time.Even today this principle is still used for float-level gauges. It represents the basis of the modern tide gauges for observing sea levels and their variations.In 1831 we find another construction by Mitchell, which was erected in the Sheerness dockyard. A few years later Thomas G. Bunt developed a tide gauge, which was used on the eastern bank of the river Avon near Bristol from 1837 to 1872.In 1834 the first self-recording gauge was erected in France, near Le Havre. On the other continents the first installations were established in Algiers (1834), in the United States and in India (1846), and in Australia (1858)An installation in Hamburg (1861), which was developed by F. H. Reitz the engineer, is identified as the first German construction.In 1870 fifteen tide gauges were known on the shores of the European continent (except the British Isles). By 1883 Carlos Ibañez was using information from approximately 67 tide gauge stations for the determination of the mean sea level around the European mainland. Today we find more than 300 installations in Europe, about three-quarters of which are working in north-western European waters and in the Baltic.

The Fate of the Catholic Church of St. Louis of the French in Soviet Moscow: the Perspective of an American Assumptionist

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8 (106)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Alexey Beglov
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The North ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The Church

From 1938 to 1992, the Church of St. Louis of the French was the only legally operating Roman Catholic parish church in Moscow. The peculiarity of the parish was that its core membership and its “executive bodies” comprised foreign nationals and representatives of the diplomatic corps, primarily of France and the United States. In the second half of the 1940s, amid rising tensions with the West, the Soviet authorities subjected the community of St. Louis and its clergy to their control. Today, it is possible to detail the circumstances of this case not only thanks to the Russian archival materials but also to the document published below, a copy of a memorandum by Fr. Leopold Braun, A. A., an American priest who administered the Church of St. Louis in 1934—1945. The document, originally forwarded to the US State Department in February 1954, was found in the Archives of the North American Province of the Assumptionists in the Provincial House in Boston, MA. In this document, Fr. Braun describes the history of the church in the Soviet period, focusing on the confrontation between its clergy and parishioners, on the one hand, and the Soviet authorities, on the other. He also suggests that the US Government intervene in the situation and return control of the church to Catholics of all nationalities, including those who do not have Soviet citizenship. The basis for such interference, from the point of view of Fr. L. Braun, was the Roosevelt — Litvinov agreements of 1933, which contained guarantees of religious freedoms for American citizens in the USSR.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF SANATORIUM-RESORT COMPLEXES OF THE SOUTHERN COAST OF CRIMEA IN ORDER TO DERIVE GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THEIR RECONSTRUCTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Z. S. Nagaeva ◽  
V. V. Zhivitsa ◽  
A. I. Malakhovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Industry ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Boarding House ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spa Treatment ◽  
Post War ◽  
Xix Century

This paper examines and analyzes the history of the development of the sanatorium and tourism industry in the Crimea, analyzes the sanatorium and resort complexes of the southern coast of Crimea and gives recommendations for their reconstruction. The paper highlights 5 characteristic periods of development of the Spa industry in the Crimea. The first period-the beginning of the XIX century. - 1917-the time of origin of the sanatorium and tourism industry in the Crimea. The appearance of the first Crimean resorts and sanatoriums mud treatment in Saki. During this period, opened: boarding house "Darsan" (1897, Yalta), sanatorium in honor of the Emperor Alexander III (1900, village. Massandra), sanatorium. Empress Maria Feodorovna (1910, Yalta). The second period-1917-1944 - was the period of formation of the socialist system of Spa treatment and recreation. At this time, palaces, cottages, mansions were given over to sanatoriums for workers and peasants. The third period-1944-1950 (post-war time) - the period of restoration of sanatorium-resort complexes. The fourth period – 1951-1990. during this period, a powerful system of planned recreation and tourism was formed in the Crimea. The fifth period-1991 – present. Since the late 90's, the number of private boarding houses, recreation centers, and hotels has increased significantly. However, many of them do not meet regulatory requirements, international standards and expectations of tourists. Considered Spa complexes are located on the territory of the southern coast of Crimea. These institutions are United by one feature: the presence in its composition of cultural heritage and buildings of the Soviet period, which do not have artistic expression. The article analyzes the shortcomings of Spa complexes and gives recommendations for their reconstruction.

scholarly journals Historical lessons on the protection and development of competition

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-21
Author(s):  
A. N. Golomolzin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Roman Empire ◽  
Far East ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Antitrust Laws ◽  
Antitrust Legislation ◽  
History Of

The analysis of historical experience of development and protection of competition is carried out in the context of history of development of economic relations, formation and development of the Antimonopoly legislation and practice of its application. Ensuring the development and protection of competition is evaluated taking into account the values and philosophies, the development of economic doctrines, based on the ongoing changes in the economy and technological shifts. More than a thousand years of experience of antimonopoly regulation in India, the Roman Empire and Byzantium is summarized. The antitrust experience of the United States revealed based on the analysis of history of development of economic relations in the country studies of the background of the U.S. antitrust laws in the late XIX century describes the main conditions and precedents of the application of the antitrust laws of the United States, the major structural changes in the economy in the XX century. Examples of adjustment of priorities of antitrust policy of the USA in the conditions of dynamic changes in the XXI century are given. The main stages of the millennial history of market relations in Russia are considered, including the analysis of the most important monuments of Russian history (Russkaya Pravda 1016, Kormchaya kniga 1274, the Cathedral Code of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich 1649). The basic Antimonopoly provisions of the decrees of the Peter I era, which initiated the formation of the Antimonopoly legislation and the development of competition, the Antimonopoly norms of the Criminal and Correctional Penalties Act of 1845, approved by Nikolay I for half a century of the appearance of antitrust legislation in the United States, are investigated. The history of the development of organized trade during the development of the Russian North, Siberia and the Far East, the practice of countering the monopolization and cartelization of the economy of pre-revolutionary Russia are studied. The reasons and mechanism of monopolization and cartelization of the Russian and the Soviet economy after 1917 are revealed. The ideologies of socialism and capitalism and the reasons for their isolation from the practice of economic development are assessed. The practice of formation and development of economic relations in the Soviet period is investigated.

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