scholarly journals The role of chest ultrasound in diagnosing invasive fungal infections in acute leukemia patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
Ana-Maria NEAGU ◽  
◽  
Ana-Maria VLĂDĂREANU ◽  
Horia BUMBEA ◽  
Diana CÎŞLEANU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infections ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Chest Ultrasound

Acute leukemia patients are the category of highest risk to develop invasive fungal infections, have high morbidity and mortality rates related to these complications. The diagnosis of these infections must be accurate and early. That is the main reason for searching non-invasive, fast, available and low cost diagnostic methods. Imagistic diagnosis is essential, computer tomography is the gold standard. Chest ultrasound has most of these characteristics, offers valuable informations and they are accurate when compared to the chest tomography results. The decision to initiate antifungal therapy is significantly better than the empirical therapy, having lower mortality rate among these patients.

scholarly journals Liquid biopsy for infectious diseases: Sequencing of cell-free plasma to detect pathogen DNA in patients with invasive fungal disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Hong ◽  
Timothy A. Blauwkamp ◽  
Mickey Kertesz ◽  
Sivan Bercovici ◽  
Cynthia Truong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Invasive Fungal Disease ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infections ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Treatment Information ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Pathogen Dna ◽  
Microbiologic Diagnosis ◽  
Free Plasma

AbstractDiagnosis of life-threatening deep-seated infections currently requires invasive sampling of the infected tissue to provide a microbiologic diagnosis. These procedures can lead to high morbidity in patients and add to healthcare costs. Here we describe a novel next-generation sequencing assay that was used to detect pathogen-derived cell-free DNA in peripheral blood of patients with biopsy-proven invasive fungal infections. The non-invasive nature of this approach could provide rapid, actionable treatment information for invasive fungal infections when a biopsy is not possible.

C-Reactive Protein as A Fungal Infection Marker in Acute Leukemia Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Brigitte Rina Aninda Sidharta ◽  
JB. Suparyatmo ◽  
Avanti Fitri Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein

Invasive Fungal Infections (IFIs) can cause serious problems in cancer patients and may result in high morbidity andmortality. C-reactive protein levels increase in response to injury, infection, and inflammation. C-reactive protein increasesin bacterial infections (mean of 32 mg/L) and in fungal infections (mean of 9 mg/L). This study aimed to determineC-Reactive Protein (CRP) as a marker of fungal infections in patients with acute leukemia by establishing cut-off values ofCRP. This study was an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional approach and was carried out at the Departmentof Clinical Pathology and Microbiology of Dr. Moewardi Hospital in Surakarta from May until August 2019. The inclusioncriteria were patients with acute leukemia who were willing to participate in this study, while exclusion criteria were patientswith liver disease. There were 61 samples consisting of 30 male and 31 female patients with ages ranging from 1 to 70 years.Fifty-four patients (88.5%) were diagnosed with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and 30 (49.18%) were in themaintenance phase. The risk factors found in those patients were neutropenia 50-1500 μL (23.8%), use of intravenous line(22%), and corticosteroid therapy for more than one week (20.9%). The median of CRP in the group of patients with positiveculture results was 11.20 mg/L (11.20-26.23 mg/L) and negative culture results in 0.38 mg/L (0.01-18.63 mg/L). The cut-offvalue of CRP using the Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) was 9.54 mg/L (area under curve 0.996 and p. 0.026), with a sensitivityof 100%, specificity of 93.2%, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of 33.3%, Negative Predictive Value (PPV) of 100%, PositiveLikelihood Ratio (PLR) of 1.08, Negative Likelihood Ratio (NLR) of 0 and accuracy of 93.4%. C-reactive protein can be used asa screening marker for fungal infections in patients with acute leukemia.

The role of complement in invasive fungal infections. Die Rolle des Komplements bei invasiven Pilzinfektionen

Mycoses ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Speth ◽  
Gunter Rambach ◽  
Cornelia Lass-Florl ◽  
Manfred P. Dierich ◽  
Reinhard Wurzner
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infections

scholarly journals CECT in Pulmonary Thrombolism

2021 ◽  
pp. 284-293
Author(s):  
Shaha Pramod ◽  
Ragi Skanda ◽  
Bhoite Amol ◽  
Tamboli Asif ◽  
Gautama Amol
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Pulmonary Angiography ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Associated Conditions

Introduction: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most common acute heart disease after myocardial infarction and stroke and is a major public health problem. PE is a disease that has high morbidity and mortality, yet it is challenging to obtain a diagnosis. Objective: The study aims to assess the role of MDCT-PA in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, and it's associated conditions in suspected cases of pulmonary embolism. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the department of radiology in KRISHNA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY situated in KARAD equipped with a 16 slice MDCT scanner (EMOTION) manufactured by Siemens. Results: Through the study period of one and half year and have met the inclusion criteria, a total of 90 consecutive patients who presented with suspicion of PE were referred for MDCT-PA in the department of radio-diagnosis, Krishna Hospital, Karad. A review of all the cases was done, and the results were presented in the form of tables. Conclusion: Multidetector computed tomography pulmonary angiography can be used to confidently diagnose pulmonary embolism in which it is not contraindicated. MDCT-PA is the investigation of choice because it is a rapid, non-invasive study, highly sensitive and specific.

scholarly journals Autopsy dissection techniques and investigations in deaths due to COVID-19 triggered fungal infections - A diagnostic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
Himanshi Narang ◽  
Amit Patil
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infections ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Dissection Techniques ◽  
Second Wave

The COVID-19 pandemic, which originated from Wuhan, China, has rapidly spread worldwide, including India. As India grappled with the second wave, COVID-triggered fungal infection has suddenly risen tremendously, raising a sense of panic in the country. The fungal infection in COVID-19 includes Mucormycosis and Aspergillosis, as common fungal infections primarily affecting rhino-orbital structures. Many research papers have published postmortem findings in autopsies conducted on COVID-19 decedents, thereby helping to understand this contagious disease's pathogenesis. But, with the arrival of COVID-triggered fungal infection, which is a crucial invasive disease responsible for fatality, very few research papers have commented on the postmortem findings of invasive fungal infections affecting the rhino-orbital and craniocerebral structures in COVID-19 deaths. Therefore, the role of invasive fungal infection due to COVID-19 illness must be established in the causation of deaths in COVID-19 patients. This review research deals with autopsy dissection techniques and possible postmortem findings of invasive fungal infections involving the nasal and paranasal sinuses and orbital structures in COVID-19 deaths. The findings of fungal infection affecting nasal and paranasal systems may not differ in live patients and in a deceased; however, it is essential that correct interpretation of the postmortem findings aided by pre-or post-autopsy investigations is necessary to establish the role of covid triggered fungal infection in such deaths.

scholarly journals Isavuconazole—Animal Data and Clinical Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Livio Pagano ◽  
Chiara Cattaneo ◽  
Martina Quattrone ◽  
Margherita Oberti ◽  
Maria Mazzitelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infections ◽  
Hematological Patients ◽  
Animal Data

The treatment of invasive fungal infections has deeply evolved in the last years with the inclusion of new antifungals, mainly new azoles (i.e., posaconazole, isavuconazole), to the therapeutic armamentarium. This review focuses on the role of isavuconazole for treating the most important invasive fungal infections both in animals and humans (hematological and non-hematological patients).

scholarly journals Current Status of Nonculture Methods for Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Infections

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siew Fah Yeo ◽  
Brian Wong
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infections ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Timely Fashion ◽  
Fungal Antigens

SUMMARY The incidence of invasive fungal infections has increased dramatically in recent decades, especially among immunocompromised patients. However, the diagnosis of these infections in a timely fashion is often very difficult. Conventional microbiologic and histopathologic approaches generally are neither sensitive nor specific, and they often do not detect invasive fungal infection until late in the course of disease. Since early diagnosis may guide appropriate treatment and prevent mortality, there has been considerable interest in developing nonculture approaches to diagnosing fungal infections. These approaches include detection of specific host immune responses to fungal antigens, detection of specific macromolecular antigens using immunologic reagents, amplification and detection of specific fungal nucleic acid sequences, and detection and quantitation of specific fungal metabolite products. This work reviews the current status and recent developments as well as problems in the design of nonculture diagnostic methods for invasive fungal infections.

Autopsy Analysis On Epidemiology and Site of Involvement Of Invasive Fungal Infections (IFI) In Hematological Malignancies : A Retrospective Study at Hematologic Tertiary Care  Department

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 5589-5589
Author(s):  
Anna Chierichini ◽  
Francesca Monardo ◽  
Barbara Anaclerico ◽  
Paola Anticoli Borza ◽  
Velia Bongarzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
P Value ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Acute Leukemias

Abstract Background Clinical diagnosis of IFI is difficult ,due to lack of sensitive and specific diagnostic tools. An assessment of trends concerning the prevalence of IFI is a challenge and postmortem data may be useful to monitor the local epidemiology ,the frequency and the disease patterns. Aim The aim of this retrospective analysis is to determinate the local epidemiology and the prevalence at autopsy of IFI, occurring in hematological malignancies at a single center  over a eleven years period. Methods We have retrospectively reviewed 161 patients – median age  62,5 yrs, range 22 -83 - with hematological malignancies, who underwent autopsy between 2002 -2012. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) were 77, Acute Lymphoid  Leukemia (ALL) 11,  Lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) 56 and other disorders 17. Acute leukemia pts received systemic antifungal  prophilaxis, whereas the others not absorbable prophilaxis. None patients received transplant procedures. An experienced pathologist evaluated the organ involvement and the IFI pathologic pattern. Fisher’s Exact test was used to recognize the IFI prevalence, the main occurring pathogens and the involved site; a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The analysis of 161 consecutive autopsies identified 40  pts.(25%)resulting to have IFI; of these, 22 were AML (55%) ,6 ALL (15%),11LPD (28%) and 1 other. Aspergillus  spp. infection was detected in 20 cases (50%), Mucor spp in 8 (20%) and Candida spp. in 12 (30%). Moulds  were prevalent in acute leukemia pts. and Aspergillus spp. is the leading pathogen with respect to Candida and Mucor spp. (p 0,0396),with a statistically significant prevalence in ALL (p 0,0186).The site more involved resulted lung (p 0.0002). Whereas the standardized EORTC/MSG criteria applied in vivo were conclusive for  IFI in 6  pts ( 15%) only, the postmortem findings revealed fungal infections in further 34  pts (85%). Conclusion This analysis confirms that the IFI diagnosis is still an unresolved issue in hematological malignancies. Acute leukemias remain the subset with the higher prevalence of mould infections. As in other largest studies, in our experience Aspergillus spp and lung proved to be the most recurrent pathogen and site of involvement. At now, the diagnostic methods are not still completely able to identify the underlying IFI, thus  the autopsy rate should be increased to achieve a better knowledge of epidemiology and to critically review previous misdiagnosis. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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