Realistic and Credible Aspect of Economic Models: Methodological Issues

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-44
Author(s):  
Marina Kovalevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Problem ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Realistic Assumption ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Development Prospects

The article addresses the methodological problems of economics related to realistic and credible aspect of economic models and concepts and looking for possible solutions. The subject of the study presented in this article is evolution of the economic concepts taken by economists to justify their position on the issue of economics faithfulness, their main arguments for and against using realistic assumption in economic theory. We consider the transformation in economics issue before and after financial crises and discuss future of neuroeconomics as tool for overcoming the fundamental methodological problem in economics relating to using realistic assumptions and the quality of economic theory’s predictions. The article is of interest to researchers in methodology of economics, and for a wide range of readers interested in the development prospects of economics.

Communication in social networks of St. Petersburg as a means of adaptation of ethnocultural communities

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 38-55
Author(s):  
Rivaa Mukhammad Salem Alsalibi
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Development Prospects

The subject of this research is the specifics, forms and functions of interaction in social media groups between the representatives of ethnic communities. The goal consists in determination of the role of social networks in adaptation of ethnocultural communities of St. Petersburg. The research is based on the polling technique for acquisition of information on the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral state of a person. The survey was conducted via distribution of questionnaires among the representatives of ethnic groups. The article also employs the method of systematic scientific observation over the social media groups, topic raised therein, as well as reading and analysis of the comments. The scientific novelty of this work consists in outlining of the nature, trends and development prospects of cross-cultural communications as the channel for ethnocultural interaction.  The main conclusions, which touch upon users from various ethnic communities who do not have enough experience in organization of activity of social media groups, demonstrate that it causes the loss of the sense of security, accumulation of prejudices and escalation of interethnic conflicts, as well as preference of the with restricted access, which contributes to lock down of the group and impedes adaptation in the accepting society. Stabilization of situation can be achieved by improvement of the quality of content posted in the social media, as well as level of their administration.

Analysis of the Electrogastrogram

2003 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Signal Identification ◽  
Gastric Dysrhythmias ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Egg Signal ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Normal Increase ◽  
Erroneous Data

The analysis of electrogastrogram (EGG) recordings involves an initial visual inspection of the signal to assess the quality of the signal, identification of artifacts, and selection of the minutes of EGG signal to analyze visually and by computer. This chapter discusses an approach to analyses of the EGG for clinical and research studies. All raw EGG recordings must be visually inspected to identify 3- cycles per minute (cpm) signals, gastric dysrhythmias, and any artifacts in the signal. Certain characteristics of the EGG can be determined and qualitative judgments can be made on the basis of visual inspection of an EGG record. Artifact-free minutes of the EGG signal must be selected for use in analyses that are generated by computer programs. When inspecting the EGG recording, there are several important questions to ask: 1. Is the baseline EGG recording rhythmic or dysrhythmic? 2. Are bradygastria, normal, or tachygastria frequencies identifible? 3. Is the amplitude of the EGG signal low, medium, or high? 4. After a provocative stimulus, does the EGG signal become more or less rhythmic? For example, Figure 5.1 shows a normal 3-cpm EGG signal that shifts to a tachygastria as the subject experienced nausea in a rotating optokinetic drum. Clinically relevant gastric dysrhythmias are persistent and last at least 3 to 5 minutes, usually much longer. 5. Is there a normal increase in the amplitude of the EGG after eating? Figure 5.2 shows an EGG recorded from a healthy subject before and after eating a test breakfast meal. Note the obvious increase in EGG amplitude at 3 cpm after the ingestion of food. 6. Are there artifacts in the EGG signal associated with movements of limbs or body or changes in respiration? Portions of the EGG recording with artifacts must be identified and not submitted for computer analysis; otherwise, erroneous data quantitative data will be generated. Thus, frequency and amplitude of the raw EGG signal during baseline and in response to the test stimulus should be first assessed visually. The visual inspection of the EGG record determines the general quality of the EGG signal and the presence of any artifacts.

Treatment of myelomeningocele: a review of outcomes and continuing neurosurgical considerations among adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph H. Piatt
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Csf Shunt ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
National Library ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Neurosurgical Techniques

Object Myelomeningocele is the most severe congenital malformation of the CNS that is compatible with survival. From the time of the development of practical treatment for hydrocephalus in the late 1950s, affected individuals began to survive into adulthood in substantial numbers. Data on the neurological status of these individuals are sparse, as are descriptions of their continuing requirements for neurosurgical care. Methods A review of the literature was undertaken using the PubMed database maintained by the National Library of Medicine. Formal grading of the quality of evidence was not attempted, but methodological issues affecting validity or generalizability were noted. Results Observations from 2 major longitudinal studies of cohorts of patients treated without selection using contemporary neurosurgical techniques have been published at intervals beginning in the mid-1970s. Numerous cross-sectional, institutional reviews have focused on neurosurgical issues in adulthood: hydrocephalus, Chiari malformation Type II and syringomyelia, and secondary spinal cord tethering. The organization of medical services for adults with myelomeningocele has received limited study. Conclusions Surviving adults with myelomeningocele achieve a wide range of neurological and functional outcomes, the most critical and adverse determinant of which is symptomatic CSF shunt failure. From a neurosurgical standpoint, adults with myelomeningocele remain clinically active indefinitely, and they deserve periodic neurosurgical surveillance.

Documentation of instrumental vaginal deliveries

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiat Shamsa ◽  
Agnes JY Jang ◽  
Therese M McGee
Keyword(s):  
Royal College ◽  
Clinical Judgement ◽  
Foetal Head ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
Abdominal Palpation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Pro Forma

Background: Instrumental vaginal deliveries (IVDs) account for approximately 11% of births in Australia. Complications resulting from IVD can occasionally be the subject of litigation. The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists suggests a standardised pro forma in their guidelines as an aid to accurate and complete IVD documentation. Many units, including ours, use less structured reporting, which is probably also less adequate. Aim: To assess whether the introduction of a dedicated IVD form improves the quality of IVD documentation. Method: Analysis of the quality of IVD documentation before and after the implementation of a new dedicated IVD form. A survey to evaluate clinicians’ opinion on the new standardised form. Results: Significant improvement was found in documentation of key information including the documentation of caput ( p < 0.05), type of instrument, number of ventouse cup detachments, moulding of specific sutures, abdominal palpation (number of fifths of foetal head palpable), liquor colour and total time of instrument application ( p < 0.001). A majority of clinicians believed the form to be beneficial in terms of completeness and that it reduced the amount of time required for documentation. Conclusions: IVD documentation is enhanced by the use of a dedicated form. Clinical judgement may also be enhanced by the discipline involved in the formal assessment required by the form.

scholarly journals The phenomenon of verbal imagination: methodological problems

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
L. Shragina
Keyword(s):  
System Approach ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Functional System ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Artificial System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Material ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Subject

The presence of a wide range of views on the phenomenon of "imagination" as the psychological basis of creative activity to developing new material and spiritual values suggests that this phenomenon in the scientific view is still a problem. At the core of the problem is a contradiction: there is a creative activity that is carried out through imagination, but imagination itself as a phenomenon disappears during analysis, which makes it necessary to consider it based on a fundamentally new methodological approach. As a methodology proposed functional system approach. Considered, based on the proposed approach, the functioning of the verbal imagination in the process of creating a verbal image as an artificial system. In terms of the functional system approach, “verbal imagination” is defined as a metasystem - a complex of certain mental operations (actions) of a subject that arises and functions only when the subject needs to control and manage his cognitive processes during the creation of a verbal image.

scholarly journals An Improvement of Quality of the Rear Cover of Bearing Turbine with the use of Selected Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 456-463
Author(s):  
Andrzej Pacana ◽  
Dominika Siwiec
Keyword(s):  
Current Approach ◽  
Ishikawa Diagram ◽  
Fluorescent Method ◽  
Control Actions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Unit Character ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Made In

Abstract The analyses of the nonconformity of products are made in order to achieve the desired level of their quality. This is also the case in the analyzed enterprise located in south-eastern Poland. Due to production character in this enterprise to identify the incompatibilities of products the non-destructive tests are used. In the current approach to quality after identified the nonconformities the cause her arise were determined, it was noted in order to use by statistical analyzes. Unfortunately, no deeper qualitative analyzes were made which could specify the source of its creation. Therefore, it was considered that it is necessary to propose to use (near current actions according to non-destructive tests) the sequence of quality management instruments. In order to improve the quality control actions, the sequence of techniques which complement each other, i.e. non-destructive tests, Ishikawa diagram and 5Why method, was proposed. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed sequence, the rear cover of the bearing turbine was selected as the subject of the analysis. The choice was conditioned by the unit character of production, which till now was discouraged a detailed analysis of sources of nonconformities. After analyzed the product with used the fluorescent method the nonconformities were identified on the rear cover of the bearing turbine, which was the porosity cluster. In order to identify the causes these nonconformities the Ishikawa diagram was drawn up. Next, the selected main causes (i.e. supplier of the product and nonconformities created during the production of the product) were analyzed the 5Why method in order to identify the source cause of the problem. In this case, it was the nonconformity material from the supplier. The proposed sequence, which uses the minimal resources let to show the wide range of information, which should be used to the improvement of quality. The presented the set of activities can be practised in each of the enterprises to analyze quality problems in order to identify the nonconformities and their causes.

Quality of Life following Treatment: A Preliminary Study of In- and Outpatients with Chronic Pain

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond C. Tait ◽  
Paul N. Duckro ◽  
Ronald B. Margolis ◽  
Richard Wiener
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Chronic Pain Syndromes

Using a combination of standardized and Likert-type measures of health, disability, and psychological adjustment, this study compared the quality of life reported by thirty-seven inpatients and thirty-six outpatients approximately eight months after completing treatment. While both patient groups reported treatment-related changes, inpatients were significantly more dysfunctional than outpatients both before and after treatment. The pattern of perceived improvement among inpatients reflected particular changes in narcotic use and in “up” time. For outpatients, the pattern of change pointed to increased periods of activity. The data are interpreted to reflect the need for treatments that are tailored to meet the differing levels of dysfunction of patients who present with chronic pain syndromes. Methodological problems of this and other clinical studies that compare treatment effects on patients demonstrating different levels of dysfunction are discussed.

Using a Global Health Media Project Video to Increase Knowledge and Confidence in the Mothers of Admitted Neonates in Rwanda: A Prospective Interventional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Richard Arinitwe ◽  
Alice Willson ◽  
Sean Batenhorst ◽  
Peter T Cartledge
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Video Content ◽  
Interventional Study ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short Video ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Media Project

Abstract Introduction In resource-limited settings, the ratio of trained health care professionals to admitted neonates is low. Parents therefore, frequently need to provide primary neonatal care. In order to do so safely, they require effective education and confidence. The evolution and availability of technology mean that video education is becoming more readily available in this setting. Aim This study aimed to investigate whether showing a short video on a specific neonatal topic could change the knowledge and confidence of mothers of admitted neonates. Methods A prospective interventional study was conducted in two hospitals in Kigali, Rwanda. Mothers of admitted neonates at a teaching hospital and a district hospital were invited to participate. Fifty-nine mothers met the inclusion criteria. Participants were shown ‘Increasing Your Milk Supply, for mothers’ a seven-minute Global Health Media Project video in the local language (Kinyarwanda). Before and after watching the video, mothers completed a Likert-based questionnaire which assessed confidence and knowledge on the subject. Results Composite Likert scores showed a statistically significant increase in knowledge (pre = 27.2, post = 33.2, p &lt; 0.001) and confidence (pre = 5.9, post = 14.2, p &lt; 0.001). Satisfaction levels were high regarding the video content, language and quality. However, only 10% of mothers owned a smartphone. Discussion We have shown that maternal confidence and knowledge on a specific neonatal topic can be increased through the use of a short video and these videos have the potential to improve the quality of care provided to admitted neonates by their parents in low-resource settings.

scholarly journals Learner-Centred Learning Tasks in Higher Education: A Study on Perception among Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Junmin Li
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Business Courses ◽  
Self Regulated Learning ◽  
Quality Of Higher Education ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Learner Centred Learning ◽  
The Subject

Universities face the challenge of constantly improving the quality of higher education and changing the learning behaviour of students, from passive reactive learning to active self-regulated learning. Learner-centred, constructively designed learning tasks offer a great opportunity here. This paper investigates to what extent the learning process is challenged by these learning tasks, and how these tasks are perceived by the students, using a before and after survey of students studying at bachelor level in business courses at a German university. The paper starts with a short description of constructivism in the context of task design and the main characteristics of learner-centred, constructivist-orientated learning tasks: openness to problems, situation orientation, openness to solution paths, and degree of difficulty. Then the research method used is outlined before the findings are presented. The before and after survey shows that despite an increased complexity and workload, the motivation to deal with topics on the subject remained stable.

scholarly journals Terapi Murotal dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kualitas Tidur Lansia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 597-606
Author(s):  
Ricky Riyanto Iksan ◽  
Eni Hastuti
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Marital Therapy ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Subject

The purpose of this study was to determine the analysis of marital therapy in the elderly, to provide an overview of mutual to improve the quality of sleep in the elderly, to find out the quality of sleep in the elderly before and after performing complementary therapy. The research design used is descriptive in the form of case studies. Results of research on subjects I and II can be seen differences in outcomes. Still, both of them experienced a decrease in the frequency of awakening and the duration of listening to mutual with the following results. Subject II experienced the sleep process of complementary therapy, which is faster by looking to shared 12 minutes 27 seconds. The subject can fall asleep while the subject I had a sleep process of 13 minutes 25 seconds. Conclusion, the aging process is a natural process accompanied by a decrease in the physical condition of the elderly, one of which is the change in the elderly's sleep   Keywords: Al-Qur'an, Elderly Sleep Quality, Murottal Therapy

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document