scholarly journals Biofilm formation by Candida albicans and Candida glabrata isolated from urine specimens of diabetic Iraqi women

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Enas Ibrahim ◽  
Rafea Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Corn Meal ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Chromogenic Medium ◽  
Specialized Center ◽  
Iraqi Women ◽  
Urine Specimens

Biofilms are multicellular communities where microorganisms are grown and form an extracellular matrix that protects the pathogenic microorganisms from the immunity system and antimicrobial agents. This study is aimed to identify Candida spp. isolated from urine specimens by using traditional techniques, germ tube, growth on corn meal agar medium and chromogenic medium then determine the ability of isolates to producing biofilm by tube method (TM) and congo red agar method (CRA). In our study urine specimens were obtained from 174 diabetic females in the period of six months at the Al-Wafa Specialized Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Mosul city, Iraq. Out of the total 174 specimens, yeast species were isolated from 56 (32.2 %) specimens. Out of the 56 isolates, 50 isolates were positive for Candida spp., especially C. glabrata which appeared maximum in 30 isolates (60 %) and followed by C. albicans 18 isolates (36%) and C. krusei 2 isolates (4 %). In the TM method for biofilm detection, C. albicans showed 16 isolates (88.9%) positive for biofilm formation followed by 29 isolates (96.7%) of C. glabrata. Furthermore, in the CRA method, all isolates (100%) of C. albicans were negative followed by 27 isolates (90%) of C. glabrata, whereas only 3 isolates (10%) of C. glabrata were positive. We can conclude that TM is the best conventional method and is sensitive to detect biofilm-forming yeast when compared with the CRA method.

scholarly journals Influence of Sub-Inhibitory Concentrations of Antimicrobial Agents on Biofilm Formation in Indwelling Medical Devices

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1181-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Henriques ◽  
N. Cerca ◽  
J. Azeredo ◽  
R. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Microbial Agents ◽  
Strain Dependent ◽  
Control Samples

Biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida spp. are two of the most frequent factors of infections associated with the use of indwelling medical devices. Several strategies have been proposed and/or developed to prevent infection. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of sub-inhibitory concentrations of anti-microbial agents on biofilm formation. Biofilms of three strains of S. epidermidis and two of both Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis were formed in the presence of three antibiotics and two antifungal agents respectively. Based on the control samples, the percentage of biofilm formation inhibition by the different agents was determined and compared. The results showed that the influence of the antibacterial and antifungal agents tested is strain dependent, with the effect of the different agents also varying among strains, even though they have the same mechanism of action.

Soft coatings, a new antimicrobial strategy for biomaterials?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabelle Vigué ◽  
Dominique Vautier ◽  
Julie Hardouin ◽  
Youri Arntz ◽  
Vincent Ball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Material Surfaces ◽  
Complementary Approach ◽  
Natural Life

<p>Fighting microbial biofilms on biomaterials is usually addressed by incorporating antimicrobial agents. Nevertheless, as usual in the natural life, intrinsic properties of the material surface can also be a complementary approach. They may drastically reduce the quantity of adhered microorganisms and the remaining microorganisms can be treated with classical antimicrobial agents. Mechanical properties of material surfaces recently emerged as a possible way to impact biofilm formation, but many questions have still to be elucidated so far.</p> <p>We have especially investigated whether hydrogel and non-hydrogel soft and stiff films may differently impact, microbial behavior and biofilm formation. The films have been thoroughly characterized in terms of viscoelasticity, hydration and chemistry. Microbial mobility, adhered quantity and production of organelles such as pili have been specifically investigated. Surface properties, especially mechanical ones, have been thoroughly characterized. The study has been conducted with yeast (Candida albicans) and bacteria species (Escherichia coli) as models. Our results reveal that the stiffness differently impacts the amount and mobility of the adhered cells according to the nature of the film.  These softness- and hydration-dependent microbial phenomena also vary with bacteria and yeast species.</p> <p>Finally, this confirms the relevance of using some soft coatings to prevent biofilm formation on a material but also clarifies the risks to get opposite effects as desired if other crucial surface properties have not been associated.</p>

The effect of some chemical materials against virulence factors of Candida ssp isolated from UTI patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Abdul Hussein Mejbel
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Chemical Materials

 During the period from September 2016 to December 2017,135 urine samples were collected from urinary tract infection patients attending to AL-Zahraa Hospital in AL-Najaf Governorate. The present study was conducted to isolate and identify Candida spp. isolated from urinary tract infection patients by different methods including direct examination, laboratory culture, biochemical test and by modern techniques (Api Candida kit) and determine the virulence factors phenotypic to Candida spp which involved (biofilm formation,phospholipase and germ tube). The percentage of females to males was as following, female (84) 62.2 % (21) infected and male (51) 37.8% (1) infected with all age categories. The results in this study are explain that is some Candida spp. such as C. albicans, have high susceptible to eugenole follow by phenol and umbellulone. The efficiency of some chemical substances such as (eugenole,umbellulone, and phenol) was evaluated to inhibit the growth of Candida ssp as well as some virulence factors such as biofilm formation,germ tube and phospholipase,which were studied in this research. Statistically analysis results have been significance difference between the results of the substance concentrations and the concentrations of the different other substances.

Inhibition of Bacterial Biofilm Formation by Phytotherapeutics with Focus on Overcoming Antimicrobial Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 2807-2816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Su Jang ◽  
Tímea Mosolygó
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Scientific Attention

: Bacteria within biofilms are more resistant to antibiotics and chemical agents than planktonic bacteria in suspension. Treatment of biofilm-associated infections inevitably involves high dosages and prolonged courses of antimicrobial agents; therefore, there is a potential risk of the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Due to the high prevalence of AMR and its association with biofilm formation, investigation of more effective anti-biofilm agents is required. : From ancient times, herbs and spices have been used to preserve foods, and their antimicrobial, anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing properties are well known. Moreover, phytochemicals exert their anti-biofilm properties at sub-inhibitory concentrations without providing the opportunity for the emergence of resistant bacteria or harming the host microbiota. : With increasing scientific attention to natural phytotherapeutic agents, numerous experimental investigations have been conducted in recent years. The present paper aims to review the articles published in the last decade in order to summarize a) our current understanding of AMR in correlation with biofilm formation and b) the evidence of phytotherapeutic agents against bacterial biofilms and their mechanisms of action. The main focus has been put on herbal anti-biofilm compounds tested to date in association with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and food-borne pathogens (Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli).

Biological Evaluation of Selected 1,2,3-triazole Derivatives as Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 2186-2191
Author(s):  
Lialyz Soares Pereira André ◽  
Renata Freire Alves Pereira ◽  
Felipe Ramos Pinheiro ◽  
Aislan Cristina Rheder Fagundes Pascoal ◽  
Vitor Francisco Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Community Environments ◽  
Scanning Electron

Background: Resistance to antimicrobial agents is a major public health problem, being Staphylococcus aureus prevalent in infections in hospital and community environments and, admittedly, related to biofilm formation in biotic and abiotic surfaces. Biofilms form a complex and structured community of microorganisms surrounded by an extracellular matrix adhering to each other and to a surface that gives them even more protection from and resistance against the action of antimicrobial agents, as well as against host defenses. Methods: Aiming to control and solve these problems, our study sought to evaluate the action of 1,2,3- triazoles against a Staphylococcus aureus isolate in planktonic and in the biofilm form, evaluating the activity of this triazole through Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) tests. We have also performed cytotoxic evaluation and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of the biofilms under the treatment of the compound. The 1,2,3-triazole DAN 49 showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity (MIC and MBC 128 μg/mL). In addition, its presence interfered with the biofilm formation stage (1/2 MIC, p <0.000001) and demonstrated an effect on young preformed biofilm (2 MICs, p <0.05). Results: Scanning Electron Microscopy images showed a reduction in the cell population and the appearance of deformations on the surface of some bacteria in the biofilm under treatment with the compound. Conclusion: Therefore, it was possible to conclude the promising anti-biofilm potential of 1,2,3-triazole, demonstrating the importance of the synthesis of new compounds with biological activity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antifungal Activity by Mixed Oxide Metallic Nanocomposite against Candida spp.

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 773
Author(s):  
Ayodeji Precious Ayanwale ◽  
Brenda Lizbeth Estrada-Capetillo ◽  
Simón Yobanny Reyes-López
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Promising Result ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Human Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Viability Study ◽  
High Doses

High doses of antimicrobial agents are a huge threat due to the increasing number of pathogenic organisms that are becoming resistant to antimicrobial agents. This resistance has led to a search for alternatives. Therefore, this study presents the synthesis and characterization of ZrO2-Ag2O nanoparticles (NPs) by sol-gel. The NPs were analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV-visible (UV-vis), Raman and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The NPs were later evaluated for their antifungal effects against Candidaalbicans, Candida dubliniensis, Candida glabrata, and Candida tropicalis, using disc diffusion and microdilution methods, followed by the viability study. The DLS showed sizes for ZrO2 76 nm, Ag2O 50 nm, and ZrO2-Ag2O samples between 14 and 42 nm. UV-vis shows an absorption peak at 300 nm for ZrO2 and a broadband for Ag2O NPs. Raman spectra were consistent with factor group analysis predictions. SEM showed spherically shaped NPs. The antifungal activity result suggested that ZrO2-Ag2O NPs were effective against Candida spp. From the viability study, there was no significance difference in viability as a function of time and concentration on human mononuclear cells. This promising result can contribute toward the development of alternative therapies to treat fungal diseases in humans.

scholarly journals Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on the Expression of Efflux Pump and Quorum-Sensing Genes in MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 625
Author(s):  
Fatma Y. Ahmed ◽  
Usama Farghaly Aly ◽  
Rehab Mahmoud Abd El-Baky ◽  
Nancy G. F. M. Waly
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
The Impact

Most of the infections caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa strains are extremely difficult to be treated with conventional antibiotics. Biofilm formation and efflux pumps are recognized as the major antibiotic resistance mechanisms in MDR P. aeruginosa. Biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa depends mainly on the cell-to-cell communication quorum-sensing (QS) systems. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TDN) have been used as antimicrobial agents against several microorganisms but have not been reported as an anti-QS agent. This study aims to evaluate the impact of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TDN) on QS and efflux pump genes expression in MDR P. aeruginosa isolates. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 25 P. aeruginosa isolates were performed by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TDN) were prepared by the sol gel method and characterized by different techniques (DLS, HR-TEM, XRD, and FTIR). The expression of efflux pumps in the MDR isolates was detected by the determination of MICs of different antibiotics in the presence and absence of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). Biofilm formation and the antibiofilm activity of TDN were determined using the tissue culture plate method. The effects of TDN on the expression of QS genes and efflux pump genes were tested using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The average size of the TDNs was 64.77 nm. It was found that TDN showed a significant reduction in biofilm formation (96%) and represented superior antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa strains in comparison to titanium dioxide powder. In addition, the use of TDN alone or in combination with antibiotics resulted in significant downregulation of the efflux pump genes (MexY, MexB, MexA) and QS-regulated genes (lasR, lasI, rhll, rhlR, pqsA, pqsR) in comparison to the untreated isolate. TDN can increase the therapeutic efficacy of traditional antibiotics by affecting efflux pump expression and quorum-sensing genes controlling biofilm production.

Evaluation of antibacterial, teratogenicity and antibiofilm effect of sulfated chitosans extracted from marine waste against microorganism

2021 ◽  
pp. 088391152110142
Author(s):  
Velu Gomathy ◽  
Venkatesan Manigandan ◽  
Narasimman Vignesh ◽  
Aavula Thabitha ◽  
Ramachandran Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Ft Ir

Biofilms play a key role in infectious diseases, as they may form on the surface and persist after treatment with various antimicrobial agents. The Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, S. typhimurium, P. aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli most frequently associated with medical devices. Chitosan sulphate from marine litter (SCH-MW) was extracted and the mineral components were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The degree of deacetylation (DA) of SCH was predicted 50% and 33.3% in crab and shrimp waste respectively. The elucidation of the structure of the SCH-MW was portrayed using FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The molecular mass of SCH-MW was determined with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF). The teratogenicity of SCH-MW was characterized by the zebrafish embryo (ZFE) model. Antimicrobial activity of SCH-MW was tested with the agar well diffusion method; the inhibitory effect of SCH-MW on biofilm formation was assessed in 96 flat well polystyrene plates. The result revealed that a low concentration of crab-sulfated chitosan inhibited bacterial growth and significantly reduced the anti-biofilm activity of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria relatively to shrimp. It is potentially against the biofilm formation of pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Virulence of Clinical Candida Isolates

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Martyna Mroczyńska ◽  
Anna Brillowska-Dąbrowska
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Morphological Transition ◽  
Candida Spp

The factors enabling Candida spp. infections are secretion of hydrolytic enzymes, adherence to surfaces, biofilm formation or morphological transition, and fitness attributes. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between known extracellular virulence factors and survival of Galleria mellonella larvae infected with clinical Candida. The 25 isolates were tested and the activity of proteinases among 24/24, phospholipases among 7/22, esterases among 14/23, hemolysins among 18/24, and biofilm formation ability among 18/25 isolates was confirmed. Pathogenicity investigation using G. mellonella larvae as host model demonstrated that C. albicans isolates and C. glabrata isolate were the most virulent and C. krusei isolates were avirulent. C. parapsilosis virulence was identified as varied, C. inconspicua were moderately virulent, and one C. palmioleophila isolate was of low virulence and the remaining isolates of this species were moderately virulent. According to our study, virulence of Candida isolates is related to the expression of proteases, hemolysins, and esterases.

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