scholarly journals Alternative Synthetic Method and Antimicrobial Activity Screening of Co (II) and Cu (II) Complexes of 2-(Acetyloxy) Benzoic Acid (Aspirin)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1773-1780
Author(s):  
Isah Jibrin ◽  
Kurawa, M. A ◽  
Mohammed, J ◽  
Stephen I. Audu ◽  
Mohammed, J ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Mechanochemical Synthesis ◽  
Magnetic Moment ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Molar Conductance ◽  
Test Concentration ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Conventional Solution ◽  
Job's Method

Mechanochemical synthesis of Co(II) and Cu(II) aspirin complexes was carried out by simple grinding of metal (II) acetates with aspirin without any solvent. Also conventional preparation of the above complexes was carried out for comparison purposes using the solution-based method. The products of mechanochemical synthesis were characterized by comparison of solubility, melting points, conductivity values, magnetic moment and IR analyses with those of ligands and conventional solution-based products. The IR spectral and analytical data of the complexes were similar for both products of the two synthetic routes suggesting the formation of identical compounds. Job’s method analyses suggested 1:2 metal to ligand ratio. The elemental analyses results revealed identical percentage composition of each element found in the products as compared to those of calculated percentages. The complexes have low values of molar conductance (4.24-6.60Ω-1 cm2mol-1 ) implying that they are non-electrolytes in DMSO. The complexes were all soluble in dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide. The complexes were mostly soluble in non-polar solvents. All the products decomposed at a temperature range of 177.0-181.9oC higher than that of their ligand revealing their more stable nature. The magnetic moment values obtained proved the paramagnetic nature of the synthesized complexes. The products and the ligand were screened against three bacteria isolates; Escherichia coli, Kledsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus and two fungi isolates; Aspergillus fumigatus, Mucus specie for antimicrobial activity. The results shows that the ligand was inactive against all the test organisms; the complexes were active in all test concentration, with only Co(asp)2 complex inactive against Staphylococcus Aureus at a concentration of 15µg/disc.

scholarly journals Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of Dialium ovoideum thwaites, an endemic plant in Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-320
Author(s):  
Vajira P Bulugahapitiya ◽  
Rathnaweera TN ◽  
Wijayaratne WMDGB ◽  
Manawadu HC
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Assay

This study was aimed exploring the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of the leaves D. thwaites is an endemic plant to Sri Lanka. The plant is known for its nutritional and medicinal applications where especially the leaf decoctions are being used to wash skin wounds in indigenous medicine. The brine shrimp lethality assays was performed to evaluate normal toxicity and it gave LC50 value greater than 1000 μg/ mL showing that the plant extracts are non-toxic to the normal cells. The agar-well diffusion assay was performed to assess the antimicrobial activity, and strains of bacteria; E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and fungus; Candida albicans were used as test organisms. The results indicated that all the extracts are active against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram Positive) with maximum inhibition shown for methanolic and aqueous extracts. When it was tested against MRSA both aqueous and methanolic extracts gave similar inhibitions. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined as 6.25 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL respectively with S. aureus whereas no inhibition observed by any of the extract against Gram negative bacteria and Candida albicans. Thus, this study revealed the leaves of D. thwaites possesses strong anti-bacterial activity against S. aureus and MRSA. The results confirmed the efficacy of using D. thwaites as the natural antimicrobial agent and suggested to develop the leaves into value added products to be used in topical applications as antiseptic solutions or ointments. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 316-320

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of crude extracts and fractions of Vernonia polyanthes Less (assa-peixe) flowers

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4 suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 909-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.K. WALTRICH ◽  
J. HOSCHEID ◽  
I.S. PROCHNAU
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Agar Diffusion Assay ◽  
Macerated Extract ◽  
Diffusion Assay

ABSTRACT Vernonia polyanthes, known as “assa-peixe”, is a plant native to Brazil, and the decoction or infusion of its flowers, roots and leaves are used in folk medicine, being considered sources of diuretic, balsamic, anti-rheumatic substances, and are used in cases of bronchitis and persistent cough. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the extract/fractions obtained by methanol maceration and infusion of V. polyanthes flower, also including qualitative identification of flower compounds, through phytochemical evaluation, using colorimetric tests. Identification tests for the presence of anthraquinones, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids were performed. Microbiological evaluation was made through agar diffusion assay, using Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonasaeruginosa as test organisms. From the performed colorimetric tests it was possible to verify the presence of tannins and flavonoids in both extracts. Alkaloids were also observed in the macerated extract. The ethyl acetate fraction from the agar diffusion assay, from both extracts, presented microbial activity over Staphylococcus aureus. It was possible to qualitatively identify the floral compounds, and to show the differences between extraction methods, being methanol considered the best solvent to the extraction.

scholarly journals In-vitro antimicrobial activity of methanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum (African star apple) and Garcinia kola (Bitter kola)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 249-253
Author(s):  
Nicholas Chinedu Ewelike ◽  
Joy Chinyere Okammadu ◽  
Vincent Ezechukwu Ogwudire ◽  
Raymond Ikechukwu Nnadozie
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
African Star Apple

Methanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum (African star apple) and Garcinia kola (bitter kola) were studied for in-vitro microbial activity using the disc diffusion technique. The aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans but showed no antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumonia. The methanolic leaf extract of Garcinia kola inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia while the aqueous extract of the leaf inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Both methanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of the plant showed no antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the leaf extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum ranged from 12.5 mgL-1 to 25 mgL-1 while those of Garcinia kola ranged from 25 mgL-1 to 50 mgL-1. The results obtained suggest that the leaves of these plants can be used in treating diseases caused by the test organisms. The further investigation on the crude extracts would characterize bioactive components of the leaves of Chrysophyllum albidum and Garcinia kola.

scholarly journals Comparison of antimicrobial activity between intraoperatively soaked bacitracin sutures and triclosan coated suture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane T. Musick ◽  
Jeremy M. Adkins ◽  
Roy Al-Ahmar ◽  
Hongwei D. Yu ◽  
Anthony M. Alberico
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Procedural Change ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Irrigation Solution

AbstractWith the easily available option for surgeons to soak their suture in anti-biotic irrigating solution intraoperatively in mind, this study was designed to evaluate the ability of suture soaked in bacitracin irrigating solution to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Using standard experimental procedure, sterile suture was soaked in Bacitracin suture, and dried for 10 minutes or 6 hours, incubated for 24 h on inoculated plates, and examined for zone of inhibition around the suture. This was compared to control unsoaked suture and antimicrobial suture (AMS) currently on the market to determine if the minor intra operative procedural change of placing suture in antibiotic irrigation solution instead of on the sterile table could confer some antimicrobial activity. The study found the Bacitracin soaked suture (BSS) consistently inhibited the growth of the test organisms. For both organisms, the BSS exhibited a significantly larger zone of inhibition compared to the unsoaked control suture. However, the AMS currently on the market exhibited a larger zone of inhibition compared to the BSS. Placing sutures in a bacitracin irrigation solution intraoperatively instead of directly on the sterile table can achieve some of the in vitro antimicrobial effect seen from AMS currently on the market. This may result in reduced rates of SSIs and associated costs without major procedural change and at reduced overhead.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-Microbial Studies of Metal (II) Complexes of Schiff Base Derived from Condensation of 2-Thiophene Carboxyldehyde and 2-Aminothiophenol

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-157
Author(s):  
Umar Dalha ◽  
Aminu Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Schiff Base ◽  
Schiff Base Ligand ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Molar Conductance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Solubility Test ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Schiff base ligand derived from condensation of 2-aminothiophenol and 2-thiophene carboxyldehy was synthesized and used for the preparation of Cr(II), Mn(II) and Co(II), complexes. The synthesized ligand and complexes were analyzed by decomposition temperature, solubility, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductance and infrared spectra. The decomposition temperatures of the complexes are in the range of 128-221ºC. Molar conductance values are in the range of 6.07-9.10 ohm-1cm2mol-1. New bands appeared in the IR spectra of the complexes in the range of 511-552 cm-1 and 438-473 cm-1 which indicate υ(M - N) and υ(M - S) vibrations respectively. Magnetic susceptibility measurement indicated that all complexes are paramagnetic while solubility test revealed that all complexes and ligand are soluble in DMSO. The analytical data show the formation of 2:1 metal to ligand ratio for all complexes and suggested the formula [ML2].nH2O.The ligand and metal chelates have been studied for microbial activity using well diffusion method against selected bacteria and fungi. The results signify that metal complexes inhibit more compared with Schiff base ligand against the same test organisms.

scholarly journals Comparative studies on the antibacterial activities of leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica and Psidium guajava and antibiotics on methicillin and vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eze C. ◽  
Iroha I. R. ◽  
Eluu S. C. ◽  
Ejikeugwu P. C. ◽  
Iroha C. S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

Objective: This study investigated the antibacterial activity of the acetone, methanol, and ethanol leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica and Psidium guajava against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) strains as well as the antimicrobial activity of some conventional antibiotics on these multidrug resistant organisms.Methods: MRSA and VRSA strains were obtained from the culture collection unit of a tertiary hospital in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The test organisms and the plant extracts were processed using standard microbiology techniques. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the MRSA and VRSA strains to some conventionally used antibiotics; and the antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was evaluated using agar well diffusion technique with three solvents: ethanol, methanol and acetone.Results: It was revealed in this study that the extracts of A. indica and P. guajava demonstrated some level of antimicrobial activity against the test organism at concentrations of 100 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml. Compared to the conventional antibiotics used, the antibiotics showed better antimicrobial activity against the test organisms than the plant extracts which was least active against the MRSA and VRSA strains.Conclusions: Though the A. indica and P. guajava extracts showed some appreciable antimicrobial activity against the MRSA and VRSA strains, the conventional antibiotics produced better antimicrobial action against these multidrug resistant bacteria. The search for novel compounds with putative antimicrobial activity should be stepped up since plants holds the potential for discovering novel drugs.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Coumarinyl Schiff Base Derivatives

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Mishra ◽  
Jaynt Rathod ◽  
Dipti Namera ◽  
Shailesh Thakrar ◽  
Anamik Shah
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Schiff Base Derivatives ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
C Nmr

We have reported some novel N’-[(1)-ethylidene]-2-(6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl) acetohydrazide synthesized by conventional method. The reaction of 2-(6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)acetohydrazide with substituted benzaldehyde in methanol as a solvent yielded a series of (7a-l). The structures of all synthesized compounds are well characterized by Mass, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis. Moreover, all synthesized compounds were screened for In Vitro antimicrobial activity against the gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacilluas subtilis) and gram negative (Escherichia coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneunonae, Enterobacter) bacterial strain. In which some the compounds show potential inhibition against the test organisms.

scholarly journals Characterization of Ni(II) and Cd(II) Metal Complexes using Schiff Base Ligand derived from 2-Thiophenecarboxyldehyde and 2 Aminothiophenol

2021 ◽  
pp. 275-294
Author(s):  
Umar Dalha ◽  
Aminu Ahmad ◽  
Sunusi Yahaya ◽  
I.U. Kutama
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Schiff Base ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Schiff Base Ligand ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Molar Conductance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Schiff base ligand derived from condensation of 2-aminothiophenol and 2‑thiophenecarboxyldehyde was synthesized and used for the preparation of Ni(II) and Cd(II) complexes. The synthesized ligand and complexes were analyzed by decomposition temperature, solubility, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductance and infrared spectra. The decomposition temperatures of the complexes are 212 and 221°C. Molar conductance values are 16.12 and 12.60 ohm-1cm2mol-1 respectively. New bands appeared in the IR spectra of the complexes in the range of 519 - 475 cm-1 and 462 - 448 cm-1 which indicate υ (M - N) and υ (M - S) vibrations respectively. Magnetic susceptibility measurement indicated that Ni (II) complex is paramagnetic whileCd(II) complex is diamagnetic. The solubility test revealed that all complexes and ligand are soluble in DMSO. The analytical data show the formation of 2:1 metal to ligand ratio for all complexes and suggested the formula [ML2].nH2O. The ligand and metal chelates have been studied for microbial activity using well diffusion method against selected bacteria and fungi. The results signify that Ni(II) and Cd(II) metal complexes inhibit more compared with Schiff base ligand against the same test organisms.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF FIVE BRANDS OF CIPROFLOXACIN SOLD IN LAGOS STATE

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
B. A. ADENIYI ◽  
C. I. AYOLABI ◽  
E. J. UKONU
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Concentration Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Made In

he antimicrobial activity of five brands (A, B, C, D and E) of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride tablets commonly sold in Lagos Nigeria, were compared and assessed against susceptible clinical isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serotypetyphi). Susceptibility test, minimum inhibitory concentration test and the bactericidal activity were determined. All sampled brands were within their shelf life. Most (60%) of the sampled brands were made in India while the remaining 40% were made in Nigeria. All the brands complied with the official specification in British Pharmacopeia (BP) for uniformity of weight as they show less than 5% deviation in weight. The mean antibacterial activities of the brands at 25µg/ml were found to be within the range of 38.0mm to 42.2mm zone of inhibition while the MICs range between 0.012µg/ml to 1.5µg/ml.All the sampled brands were effective against all the test organisms to varying degree with brands A and E been more potent while brand D was the least effective. The order of MICs (decreasing order of potency) was D>B>C>A>E for Staphylococcus aureus and D>C>B>E>A for Escherichia coli while that of Salmonella enterica serotypeTyphiwas D>B>C>A>E. The bactericidal activity of each ciprofloxacin brand D and E are concentration-dependent; with brand E more active at all tested concentrations. 

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