solubility test
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2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 873
Author(s):  
Sawsan T. Abu Abu Zeid ◽  
Ruaa A. Alamoudi ◽  
Abeer A. Mokeem Mokeem Saleh

Aimed to evaluate the effect of water solubility on chemical properties and surface structure of bioceramic-based (BC-HiFlow and BC-EndoSeqence) compared with resin-based (Adseal) root canal sealers. Fresh mix was inserted into polyethylene mold (n = 10) and subjected to Vicat needle to evaluate the setting time. The set discs were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy then immersed in deionized water for 1, 7, 14 and 28 days. The solubility%, pH changes, released calcium (Ca2+), phosphate (PO43−) and silicon (Si4+) ions were evaluated after each immersion period. The discs were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy/Energy dispersed X-ray (SEM/EDX) before and after solubility test. Although FTIR detected similar composition of both bioceramic-sealers, BC-EndoSequence determined the prolonged setting times. At the end of solubility test, both bioceramic-sealers exhibited significant greater solubility (>3%), alkaline pH (>11) at p < 0.001. Adseal displayed the significant greatest Ca2+ and PO43− released, while BC-HiFlow displayed the significant greatest Si4+ release (p < 0.001). SEM revealed voids and pores on the surface of all tested sealers with the greatest value on Adseal surface. In conclusion, although both bioceramic-sealers had high solubility, BC-Hiflow complied the ISO standard regarding setting time and least surface micropores better than that of BC-EndoSequence.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Nokhodchi ◽  
Taravat Ghafourian ◽  
Nour Nashed ◽  
Kofi Asare-Addo ◽  
Elmira Behboudi ◽  
...  

AbstractSolubility determination of poorly water-soluble drugs is pivotal for formulation scientists when they want to develop a liquid formulation. Performing such a test with different ratios of cosolvents with water is time-consuming and costly. The scarcity of solubility data for poorly water-soluble drugs increases the importance of developing correlation and prediction equations for these mixtures. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to determine the solubility of acetylsalicylic acid in binary mixtures of ethanol+water at 25 and 37°C. Acetylsalicylic acid is non-stable in aqueous solutions and readily hydrolyze to salicylic acid. So, the solubility of acetylsalicylic acid is measured in ethanolic mixtures by HPLC to follow the concentration of produced salicylic acid as well. Moreover, the solubility of acetylsalicylic acid is modeled using different cosolvency equations. The measured solubility data were also predicted using PC-SAFT EOS model. DSC results ruled out any changes in the polymorphic form of acetylsalicylic acid after the solubility test, whereas XRPD results showed some changes in crystallinity of the precipitated acetylsalicylic acid after the solubility test. Fitting the solubility data to the different cosolvency models showed that the mean relative deviation percentage for the Jouyban-Acree model was less than 10.0% showing that this equation is able to obtain accurate solubility data for acetylsalicylic acid in mixtures of ethanol and water. Also, the predicted data with an average mean relative deviation percentage (MRD%) of less than 29.65% show the capability of the PC-SAFT model for predicting solubility data. A brief comparison of the solubilities of structurally related solutes to acetylsalicylic acid was also provided.


Author(s):  
Gupta Umesh Prasad ◽  
Bhandari Amrit ◽  
Giri Dhruba ◽  
Adhikari Sushmita ◽  
Paudel Sangita ◽  
...  

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is prevalent in malaria-endemic areas because the gene for sickle cell provides its carrier with resistance against malaria. In Nepal, malaria is prevalent in Terai, hence the susceptibility of SCD is high in this region. Being indigenous to the Terai, thousands of people in the Tharu communities of the Banke districting Nepal are believed to have suffered from sickle cell disease. The objective of this study was to find out the status of sickle cell disease among the Tharu population of Banke district, Nepal. A cross-sectional, experimental study was performed among systematically randomly selected 275 samples from 3 Village Development Committee (VDCs). All the samples were first screened for the presence of sickle hemoglobin using the sickle solubility test method in Bheri Zonal Hospital. Then all sickle solubility positive samples were further processed for alkaline hemoglobin electrophoresis by using Interlab GenioS electrophoresis instrument. Out of a total 275 samples, 33 (12.0%) samples were confirmed as sickle solubility test positive. Among which, sickle cell trait was the most common disorder found grossing to 81.8%, followed by homozygous sickle cell disease; (15.2 %). One case (3.0%) of compound heterozygous sickle beta-thalassemia was also found.The Males were found to be more affected than females with ratio of 1.4:1.1. The highest frequency of SCD was found to be in 11-20 age groups comprising about 36.4%. Dangaura Tharu (51.5%) was the most common ethnic group with this disorder. The findings of this study indicate SCD is prevalent among the Tharu population in Banke district of Province-5, Nepal


Author(s):  
Hilya N. Imtihani ◽  
Silfiana N. Permatasari ◽  
Fitria A. Thalib

This study aims at evaluating the characteristics of chitosan solid dispersion from whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). As anti-cholesterol agent, chitosan requires solubility enhancement which can be facilitated in solid dispersion. Here, chitosan solid dispersion was made by solvent evaporation technique used HPMC and PVP K-30 as the carriers, in which the chitosan was prepared from whitleg shrimp shell Chitosan solid dispersion was varied into six formulation, i.e. chitosan: HPMC = FH1 (1:0.25), FH2 (1:0,5), FH3 (1:2), and chitosan: PVP K-30 = FP1 (1:1), FP2 (1:2), and FP3 (1:3), and pristine chitosan, HPMC, and PVP K-30 were utilized as reference compound. Characteristics of chitosan solid dispersion were assessed from the solubility test, SEM, XRD, and FTIR. The result indicates that solubility of chitosan solid dispersion was better than the pristine chitosan. The recommended formula from this study was FP3, because obtained smaller particle size than the other, that could increase the solubility of chitosan. The crystallinity of chitosan remained unchanged upon solid dispersion preparation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Sukaton Sukaton ◽  
Latief Mooduto ◽  
Stheril Andani

Background: Failure of endodontic treatment is caused by 60% of poor obturation. Sealers have an important role in the obturation process, that is filling the root canals and the space between the dentin and the core material. Sealers must have low viscosity so that they can flow easily and fill the entire root canal space so can form a good seal and have physical properties that are not easily soluble to oral fluids to prevent sealer degradation which can cause gaps during filling and become a medium for bacterial proliferation. Red pine extract is a natural ingredient that contain flavonoid and phenolic acid that are effective in reducing the viscosity and solubility of the sealer combination ZnO with red pine. Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of sealer combination ZnO with red pine in reducing viscosity and solubility. Methods: Red pine (Pinus densilora) extract with a concentration of 100% was diluted to a concentration of 0.78% using the dilution formula M1.VI = M2.V2. Viscosity test was done by mixing ZnO with red pine extract 0.78% 1: 1 and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) with 1: 1 sterile aquadest as a comparison, then each sample was measured for viscosity using a brookfield viscometer. The solubility test was carried out by placing the paste on a disc with a diameter of 15 mm x 3 mm and then being set and immersed in distilled water for 24 hours then the percentage of solubility was calculated. Results: The viscosity value of combination ZnO with red pine is 19.89 Pa.s and the solubility is 0.0075%, while Ca(OH)2 with sterile aquadest had a viscosity of 23.32 Pa.s and a solubility is 0.029%. Conclusion: The combination of ZnO with red pine is effective in reducing the viscosity and solubility of the combination sealer. The viscosity and solubility of the combined sealer is lower than Ca(OH)2 with sterile aquadest.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Jakfar Sodi ◽  
Dyah Rini Ratnaningsih ◽  
Dedy Kristanto

“Jaso field” is located the South Sumatra basin, Indonesia. The lithology of this field is dominated by limestone / carbonate reservoirs with varying permeability (low / tight to high / porous). Acid Fracturing stimulation has been applied to develop this field, because in ideal conditions (with the solubility test between acid and formation > 80%) wormholes will be made in the formation to increase reservoir conductivity and productivity. However, in the Jaso oil field, in some special cases, acid injection did not provide satisfactory results for increasing well conductivity and productivity.In this thesis, we conduct research and evaluation of wells in Jaso field. For example: JS-28, JS-11 and JS-40 are oil wells in the Jaso field with low / narrow reservoir permeability and production rates. Stimulation has been carried out in the JS-28 well, but the results are still below the acid expectation even though the intermediate solubility test (solubility test) is more than 88%.Hydraulic Fracturing with the sandfracturing method (injecting sand proppant with high pressure and exceeding the gradient fracture) has been successfully applied to three wells in the Jaso Field by increasing the oil production rate by more than 100 bopd per well. With this case study, we find that the application of hydraulic fracturing (sandfracturing) with thrusters is not limited to sandstone / sandstone reservoirs, but that this method can be successfully applied to increase the conductivity and productivity of carbonate reservoirs (in special cases) taking into account several parameters of integrity. reservoir wells and characteristics.


Author(s):  
Matthew Lam ◽  
Ali Nokhodchi

Abstract Purpose Liqui-Tablet is a dosage form derived from Liqui-Mass technology. It has proven to be a promising approach to improve drug dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs. So far, Liqui-Tablet is feasible for low-dose drugs. In this study, an attempt was made to produce high-dose Liqui-Tablet, whilst maintaining ideal physicochemical properties for ease of manufacturing. Methods Liqui-Tablets containing 100 mg of ketoprofen were produced using various liquid vehicles including PEG 200, Span 80, Kolliphor EL, PG, and Tween 85. Investigations that were carried out included saturation solubility test, dissolution test, tomographic study, and typical quality control tests for assessing flowability, particle size distribution, friability, and tablet hardness. Results The weight of these Liqui-Tablets was acceptable for swallowing (483.8 mg), and the saturation solubility test showed PEG 200 to be the most suitable liquid vehicle (493 mg/mL). Tests investigating physicochemical properties such as flowability, particle size distribution, friability, and tablet hardness have shown no issue concerning quality control and manufacturability. The drug release test of the best formulation has shown extremely rapid drug release at pH 7.4 (100% after 5 min). At pH 1.2 the drug release was reasonable considering the formulation was yet to be optimized. Conclusion Despite the high amount of API and liquid vehicle, it is possible to produce a high-dose dosage form with acceptable size and weight for swallowing using the novel Liqui-Mass technology. This has the potential to diversify the technology by removing the restriction of high dose drug that has been seen in liquisolid technology.


Polimery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
Nur Athirah Abdullah ◽  
Muhammad Hanif Sainorudin ◽  
Mohd Saiful Asmal Rani ◽  
Masita Mohammad ◽  
Nurul Huda Abd Kadir ◽  
...  

In this work, chemically treated microcrystalline cellulose (MCC-C) was extracted from coconut husk fiber. In order to extract hemicellulose, the sieved coconut husk fiber was treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for dewaxing and acidified using sodium chlorite (NaClO2) to extract the residual lignin (bleaching process). The obtained lignin-free cellulose was then treated with potassium hydroxide (KOH). The characterizations used to equate the MCC-C with commercial grade microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) are solubility test, X-ray diffractogram (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD showed that the crystallinity of MCC and MCC-C increased significantly by 80.15% and 71.8% by chemical treatments. TGA found that the active removal of lignin-hemicelluloses and the thermal stability of the material were about 350–500°C and 300–500°C. The morphology of the fiber confirmed that there is an irregular cross-section, non-uniform surface, a large amount of short microfibrils and some impurities on the surface of the coconut husk fiber. The findings showed that microcrystalline cellulose has been successfully extracted from coconut husk fiber and that it can be used further.


Author(s):  
DIATRI NARI RATIH ◽  
RARAS AJENG ENGGARDIPTA ◽  
ADI NUGROHO HENDRO KUSUMO ◽  
WIGNYO HADRIYANTO

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the incorporation of chitosan nanoparticles into epoxy resin-based sealer on its setting time, flowability and solubility.  Methods: This study was divided into three evaluations: setting time, flowability, and solubility of sealers. Each study used 20 samples, which were divided into two groups. Group 1, epoxy resin-based sealers, and group 2, epoxy resin-based sealers mixed with chitosan nanoparticles. The Gilmore needle was used to observe the setting time, a simple press method based on ISO 6876 was employed to evaluate the flowability of the sealer, and the solubility test, which was according to ISO 6876 standard, was used to determine the solubility of sealers. The surface structure of the sealers before and after the solubility test was observed under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The data obtained from each study were analyzed by an unpaired t-test with a degree of significance of 95%. Results: The results showed that the setting time of epoxy resin and epoxy resin incorporated with chitosan were 567±30.20 and 572.5±27.91 min, flowability was 25.06±0.89 and 23.18±1.06 mm, and solubility was 0.0051%±0.0016 and 0.0045%±0.0018, respectively. No significant difference occurred between epoxy resin-based sealer and epoxy resin-based sealer mixed with chitosan nanoparticles in setting time, flowability, and solubility of sealers (*P>0.05).  Conclusion: The incorporation of chitosan nanoparticles produced a similar effect in setting time, flowability, and solubility as the epoxy resin-based sealer. Thus, epoxy resin-based sealer mixed with chitosan nanoparticles had acceptable properties in setting time, flowability, and solubility based on ISO 6876 standards.


2021 ◽  
Vol p5 (02) ◽  
pp. 2663-2670
Author(s):  
Deepti Negi ◽  
Anoop Kumar Singh ◽  
Vipin Kumar ◽  
Shweta G. Shukla

Having a healthy and flake free scalp is a great part of hair health. Dandruff can be a very common aliment to reduce our scalp health. If ones want to take care of his/her hair and scalp, oiling is the best thing. Herbal oils are now-a-days widely used by the people because less or no side effects. The present work was aimed to formulate Maltyadi Tail oil for antidandruff purpose (application in Hair and scalp) and was evaluated analytical study. The organoleptic parameters are appearance, color, touch and odor. The physicochemical parameters are Solubility test, Viscosity test, pH, Acid value, Peroxide value, Iodine value, Saponification value, Volatile matter, Ester value, TLC and Test for heavy / toxic metals. The result of the study showed that Maltyadi Tail fulfills all the criteria for ideal hair oil.


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