scholarly journals Reducing Urban Heat Island Effects While Providing Affordable Housing in Bunker Hill

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Atherton ◽  
Vrinda Dambal ◽  
Tara Miller ◽  
Ian Smith ◽  
Jessica Wright
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Community Gardens ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Property A ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Bunker Hill

The Bunker Hill Public Housing development is a historic public housing building, home to a large population of racial and ethnic minorities, that requires major redevelopment and repair to enhance the safety of its residents. The Boston Planning and Development Agency (BPDA) recently approved a $1.46 billion redevelopment for the property, a part of which is allocated to remove and replace ~250 mature trees around the public housing units. Removal of these trees would affect an already vulnerable population significantly more exposed to the effects of heat events, including heat-related stress, morbidity, and mortality, which will worsen with climate change in the coming years. While the BPDA proposal seeks to address the issue that the area already experiences 20% less cooling due to a lack of vegetation by replanting more trees, their estimated timescale of more than a decade for the canopy to just return to its current size is concerning. In order to mitigate the added heat stress caused by the tree removal, we propose the supplementary action of installing green roofs on buildings throughout the development. These green roofs would continue to provide cooling and beneficial community services even once the tree canopy has returned. These measures will serve as an appropriate stopgap measure until the canopy can return to size and expand as well as providing the community with the same co-benefits, such as air quality improvement, noise pollution reduction, community spaces, and locally grown food from community gardens, that more affluent parts of the city already experience. The installation of green roofs and supplemental vegetation will take only 0.25% of the entire redevelopment project budget and will have a large return in community wellness.

scholarly journals Bibliometric Analysis And Visualization Of Funding Social Housing: Connection Of Sociological And Economic Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-153
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ianchuk
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Housing Finance ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Database Analysis ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Scopus Database

This paper deals with bibliometric analysis and visualization of theory development of funding social housing considering connection of sociological and economic research. The main purpose of the research is to identify dominant trends in cross-sectoral research related to the development of the theory of funding social housing considering connection of sociological and economic research. Systematization literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of funding social housing indicates that the bibliometric analysis of scientific papers indexed in the Scopus database based on using VOSViewer software package and the Scopus scientometric database analysis were not applied enough in the scientific area of this research. Investigation of the topic about research activity in funding social, affordable, and public housing emphasizing the connection of sociological and economic patterns is carried out in the following logical sequence: introduction and proving the relevance of research problem; literature revue with generalization and analysis of scholars experience of bibliometric analysis and visualization in general and in funding social, public, and affordable housing in particular; the main part of investigation related directly to the Scopus scientometric database analysis and the bibliometric analysis of scientific papers indexed in the Scopus database based on using VOSViewer; conclusion of research. Methodological tools of the research methods were logical generalization and scientific abstraction, statistical and structural analysis, comparative, and graphical analysis using Excel 2010 software, Scopus database tools and VOSViewer software package v.1.6.16. The object of the Scopus database analysis was a sample of 5 385 scientific articles indexed in the Scopus scientometric database for the period from 1948 to 2020, and generated by the following keywords for search request: ‘funding social housing’, ‘financing social housing’, ‘social housing finance’, ‘funding affordable housing’, ‘financing affordable housing’, ‘affordable housing finance’, ‘funding public housing’, ‘financing public housing’, and ‘public housing finance’ (limit in 2020 is due to the availability of information on open portal of Scopus database and incomplete data for 2021). The top trends of theory development of funding social, affordable, and public housing were identified. The Scopus scientometric database analysis showed that the theory of funding social, affordable, and public housing is at the stage of formation and rapid development – about 60–70 % of the total number of publications for the period from 1948 to 2020 (for more than 70 years) were published in the last 10 years (and about 30–40 % – in the last 5 years). The total trend of number of articles dynamics about funding social, affordable, and public housing indexed in Scopus database in 1990-2020 was built. The accent was put on some significant increase peaks of publishing activity during investigated period connected with the economic and financial crisis in 2007, currency fluctuations, the COVID-19 crisis, etc. The structural and functional clustering of the development of the theory of funding social housing was carried out considering connection of sociological and economic research. The received conclusions can be useful for scholars in socioeconomics, public and private investors in social and affordable housing.

scholarly journals PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP KONSUMEN YANG TIDAK MENDAPATKAN SERTIFIKAT HAK MILIK SATUAN RUMAH SUSUN

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Galih Husain Fauzi ◽  
Ermanto Fahamsyah
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Safety Regulation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
House Construction ◽  
Public House ◽  
House Building ◽  
Building Owner

Indonesia is one of the countries that has large population. Development of public housing is tended in order that every family can occupy a public housing that is proper in healthful, secure, harmonious, and uniformed environment. The proper public house is a house construction that is fulfill safety regulation in its construction, suffice the minimum construction area, and give health for public house occupant. Realize of the statements, is needed for developing a construction public housing that can be occupied together in a public house building,that is devided in some parts separately, on vertical ar horizontal for every occupation. There is a lot of participants that is involved in developing a public house building, that is the developer as a participant for developing a public house building, owner, and the occupant as an organizer. The public house building certificate will be proven with a freehold public house building certificate for every occupant that is already fulfill the regulations as an owner in the public house building. Researcher has taken one of the case studies about the restraining of a freehold of public house building, with purpose of the case study is knowing a consumer protection legally toward the participant developer that is restraing a freehold public house building. Researcher solved this case study using the normative method that is supported an interview with related parties. Based on the research will be knowing that the regulation of a freehold public house building certificate does not applied clearly on the sanction of participant developer that is restraining a freehold public house building certificate on the time that is determined.

Bryophyte species and communities on various roofing materials, Estonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elle Rajandu ◽  
Tiina Elvisto ◽  
Hanna-Liisa Kappel ◽  
Marko Kaasik
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
Roofing Material ◽  
Species Characteristics ◽  
Fibre Cement ◽  
Roofing Materials

Considering the recent growth of interest in using mosses in creating vegetated green roofs, we set the aim of our study to get an overview of the variety of moss and liverwort species and communities growing spontaneously on roofs. Data were collected from 67 roofs of five different types of materials: fibre cement, bitumen, stone, thatched and steel from Tallinn and rural areas on Hiiumaa Island and in South Estonia. Indicator species analysis, MRPP, cluster analysis and ordination methods (DCA, CCA) were used for data analysis. As a result of this research, generalist bryophytes occurring on all types of roofing materials were studied and bryophyte species characteristics for certain material types were identified. The thatched roofs differed most clearly from the other roof types in their species composition and had the highest species diversity. Stone and fibre cement roofs had similar species composition. The results revealed significant dependence of the composition of the bryophyte flora on roofs on the density of the bryophyte carpet formed over time on the roof and the presence of a tree canopy above the roof. Other important factors were roof relief, the height of the roof from the ground and the indicator of environmental pollution NOx. However, the studied roofs in Tallinn and rural areas did not show significant differences in the species composition of bryophytes. Five communities were delimited: (1) Syntrichia ruralis – Schistidium apocarpum; (2) Orthotrichum speciosum – Bryum argenteum; (3) Brachythecium rutabulum – Hypnum cupressiforme; (4) Ceratodon purpureus – Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus; and (5) Pleurozium schreberi – Dicranum scoparium. The mentioned communities inhabited locations that differed in environmental conditions. The findings of this research can help choose the roofing material and species suitable for a certain location in creating moss greenery on roofs.

scholarly journals WHEN NETWORKS FAIL: ISOLATION AND INDEPENDENCE AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN PUBLIC HOUSING

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S180-S180
Author(s):  
Brooke Wagen ◽  
Whitney Williams ◽  
Jan Bennett ◽  
Elizabeth A Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Cultural Perceptions ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
Problematic Experiences

Abstract In the coming decades, the population of adults over 65 in the US will increase dramatically. Many older adults live at or below the poverty level, and the growing lack of affordable housing combined with fixed incomes promises to increase the number of older adults facing combined housing and health challenges. Despite their vulnerability, little is known about the lived experiences of older adults aging in place in public housing. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 27 older adults at two public housing sites in Austin, Texas to gain an understanding of their thoughts on health, aging, home, community, and problem solving. We conducted interviews in Spanish (n=10) and English (n=17) with 16 female and 11 male interviewees with a mean age of 71.7 years (range 65-85 years). We systematically coded transcribed interviews and used grounded theory to analyze the data. Participants described feeling isolated due to language barriers, cultural perceptions about neighbors, and previous problematic experiences with neighbors leading to intentional isolation for safety. Some, however, spoke of how they acted as community connectors or responded to connectors in the community in ways that reduced their isolation. Participants framed individual problem-solving and personal choices as central to health and wellness. Our findings suggest a way forward for housing authorities, communities, and health systems working together to provide services to these adults. Incorporating their points of view and even co-creating interventions to enhance their health and well-being will make these interventions more successful and welcome.

scholarly journals Green Infrastructures for Urban Water System: Balance between Cities and Nature

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1456
Author(s):  
Robert Sitzenfrei ◽  
Manfred Kleidorfer ◽  
Peter M. Bach ◽  
Taneha Kuzniecow Bacchin
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Water System ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Urban Water System ◽  
Climate Resilience

Urban water systems face severe challenges such as urbanisation, population growth and climate change. Traditional technical solutions, i.e., pipe-based, grey infrastructure, have a single purpose and are proven to be unsustainable compared to multi-purpose nature-based solutions. Green Infrastructure encompasses on-site stormwater management practices, which, in contrast to the centralised grey infrastructure, are often decentralised. Technologies such as green roofs, walls, trees, infiltration trenches, wetlands, rainwater harvesting and permeable pavements exhibit multi-functionality. They are capable of reducing stormwater runoff, retaining stormwater in the landscape, preserving the natural water balance, enhancing local climate resilience and also delivering ecological, social and community services. Creating multi-functional, multiple-benefit systems, however, also warrants multidisciplinary approaches involving landscape architects, urban planners, engineers and more to successfully create a balance between cities and nature. This Special Issue aims to bridge this multidisciplinary research gap by collecting recent challenges and opportunities from on-site systems up to the watershed scale.

Community Gardens as a Platform for Education for Sustainability

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Corkery
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Community Gardens ◽  
Education For Sustainability ◽  
Cultural Expression ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Public Housing Estate ◽  
School Of Social Work ◽  
Research And Education

AbstractCommunity gardens fulfil many roles, including the reclamation of public space, community building, and the facilitation of social and cultural expression. This paper discusses a nexus between research and education for sustainability that evolved out of an examination of the role of community gardens in fostering community development and neighbourhood improvement in Sydney's Waterloo Public Housing Estate. It argues that they are also an educational resource providing a valuable platform for learning about multiple dimensions of sustainability.The paperis based on interdisciplinary research undertaken by a team from UNSW's Faculty of the Built Environment and the School of Social Work. The findings of this research affirm the importance of community gardens for public housing tenants, and present the gardens and their associated activities as an effective platform for education for sustainability.

Public Housing and Vouchers

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Housing Subsidy ◽  
Housing Program ◽  
Design Evolution ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Privately Owned ◽  
Low Income Households

Public housing and rental vouchers constitute two distinct forms of housing subsidy in the United States. Public housing, the nation’s oldest housing program for low-income renters provides affordable housing to about 1.2 million households in developments ranging in size from a single unit to multibuilding complexes with hundreds of apartments. The Housing Choice Voucher Program, founded more than 35 years after the start of public housing is now the nation’s largest rental subsidy program. It enables around 2 million low-income households to rent privately owned housing anywhere in the country. Although both programs provide low-income households with “deep” subsidies that ensure they spend no more than 30 percent of their adjusted income on rent, and both are operated by local public housing authorities, they offer distinct advantages and disadvantages. This chapter reviews and compares the two programs, examining their design, evolution, and strengths and weaknesses, including issues of racial segregation and concentrated poverty.

From central to marginal: The trajectory of Israel’s public-housing policy

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 2432-2447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravit Hananel
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Housing Policy ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Housing Crisis ◽  
Housing Policies ◽  
Housing Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban Diversity

Over the past decade, in the wake of the global housing crisis, many countries have again turned to public housing to increase the supply of affordable housing for disadvantaged residents. Because the literature and past experience have generally shown public-housing policies to be contrary to the urban-diversity approach, many countries are reshaping their policies and focusing on a mix of people and of land uses. In this context, the Israeli case is particularly interesting. In Israel, as in many other countries (such as Germany and England), there was greater urban diversity in public-housing construction during the 1950s and 1960s (following the state’s establishment in 1948). However, at the beginning of the new millennium, when many countries began to realise the need for change and started reshaping their public-housing policies in light of the urban-diversity approach, Israel responded differently. In this study I use urban diversity’s main principles – the mix of population and land uses – to examine the trajectory of public-housing policy in Israel from a central housing policy to a marginal one. The findings and the lessons derived from the Israeli case are relevant to a variety of current affordable-housing developments in many places.

scholarly journals Estimating Carbon Storage in Urban Forests of New York City

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Pregitzer ◽  
Chloe Hanna ◽  
Sarah Charlop-Powers ◽  
Mark Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
York City ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Natural Area ◽  
Mature Trees

Abstract Forests play an important role in mitigating many of the negative effects of climate change. One of the ways trees mitigate impacts of climate change is by absorbing carbon dioxide and storing carbon in their wood, leaves, roots, and soil. Field assessments are used to quantify the carbon storage across different forested landscapes. The number of trees, their size, and total area inform estimates of how much carbon they store. Urban forested natural areas often have greater tree density compared to trees planted in designed cityscapes suggesting that natural area forests could be an important carbon stock for cities. We report a carbon budget for urban forested natural area using field-collected data across an entire city and model carbon stock and annual stock change in multiple forest pools. We find that natural area forests in New York City store a mean of 263.04 (95% CI 256.61, 270.40) Mg C ha− 1 and we estimate that 1.86 Tg C (95% CI 1.60, 2.13 Tg C) is stored in the city’s forested natural areas. We provide an upper estimate that these forests sequester carbon at a mean rate of 7.42 (95% CI 7.13, 7.71) Mg C ha− 1 y− 1 totaling 0.044 Tg (95% CI 0.028, 0.055) of carbon annually, with the majority being stored in trees and soil. Urban forested natural areas store carbon at similar and in some cases higher rates compared to rural forests. Native oak-dominated forests with large mature trees store the most carbon. When compared to previous estimates of urban-canopy carbon storage, we find that trees in natural area forests in New York City account for the majority of carbon stored despite being a minority of the tree canopy. Our results show that urban forested natural areas play an important role in localized, natural climate solutions and should be at the center of urban greening policies looking to mitigate the climate footprint of cities.

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