Hormone use and gender afirmation surgeries among transgender population in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
Nguyen Ha Pham ◽  
Van Luyen Nguyen ◽  
Van Anh Pham ◽  
Thi Bich Ngoc Do ◽  
Thi Loi Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Quality Health ◽  
Gender Affirmation ◽  
Hormone Use ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Participants

Objective: To describe the current situation of hormone use and surgical interventions of transgender population in some provinces and cities in Vietnam. Research methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive study, combining quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative data was collected by direct interviews using questionnaires with 141 transgender people and qualitative data was collected through 12 in-depth interviews. The study was carried out in Ha Noi, Ho Chi Minh City, Nghe An and Da Nang, from June to October 2019. Results: All 141 study participants have used hormones (100%) and 32 had gender affirmation surgeries (23.4%). More than 73% bought hormones from existing users and use hormones with “mouth to mouth” advice. Among the transgender people who had surgeries, 25% did not have pre-surgery medical checks ups and consultations and 25% had improper check-ups, 50% did not have good care after surgeries and 25% had improper care. Three themes have been identified: 1) Buying "floating" hormones of unknown origin and using them in "mouth to mouth" ways; 2) The painful and risky journey of surgery and 3) A difficult life and uncertain future. Conclusion: Most study participants bought hormones and used them without professional guidance. Insufficient pre-and post-surgery examination, counselling and care. Many bad consequences may arise. Law on Gender Affirmation will help transgender people access safe and quality health services. Keywords: Transgender; Gender affirmation; Hormonal therapy; Transgender surgery; Transsexual law

scholarly journals Living conditions, HIV and gender affirmation care pathways of transgender people living with HIV in France: a nationwide, comprehensive, cross-sectional, community-based research protocol (ANRS Trans&HIV)

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e052691
Author(s):  
Marion Mora ◽  
Giovanna Rincon ◽  
Michel Bourrelly ◽  
Gwenaëlle Maradan ◽  
Anaenza Freire Maresca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Care Pathways ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Community Based Research ◽  
Gender Affirmation ◽  
And Gender

IntroductionTransgender identity is poorly accepted in France, and data on living conditions and the daily difficulties transgender people encounter are scarce. This lack of data reinforces their invisibility in social life, contributes to their stigmatisation and probably increases the burden of HIV infection, especially for HIV-positive transgender people (TRHIV). The main objective of the community-based research study ANRS Trans&HIV is to identify personal and social situations of vulnerability in TRHIV, the obstacles they encounter in terms of access to and retention in medical care, and their gender affirmation and HIV care needs.Methods and analysisANRS Trans&HIV is a national, comprehensive, cross-sectional survey of all TRHIV currently being followed in HIV care units in France. TRHIV women are exclusively included in the quantitative component, and TRHIV men in the qualitative component. Data are collected by community-based interviewers and will be analysed to explore patient care pathways and living conditions in the TRHIV population with regard to gender affirmation and HIV. Data collection began in October 2020 and should be completed in December 2021. The statistical analyses techniques used will be adapted to each of the study’s objectives and to the type of data collected (cross-sectional (questionnaires) and retrospective (biographical trajectory)). The study’s results will provide a greater understanding of TRHIV health needs in order to suggest possible national recommendations for comprehensive HIV and gender affirmation medical care.Ethics and disseminationANRS Trans&HIV was approved by Inserm’s Ethical Evaluation Committee (no 20-694 on 12 May 2020) and is registered with the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty under number 2518030720. Potential participants are informed about the study through an information note provided by their attending HIV physician. All results published in peer-reviewed journals will be disseminated to the HIV transgender community, institutional stakeholders and healthcare providers.Trial registration numberNCT04849767.

scholarly journals Paediatricians’ attitudes and beliefs towards transgender people: a cross-sectional survey in Israel

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e031569
Author(s):  
Nitsan Landau ◽  
Uri Hamiel ◽  
Itay Tokatly Latzer ◽  
Elinor Mauda ◽  
Noah Levek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Gender Beliefs ◽  
Human Value ◽  
And Gender

ObjectiveThe number of transgender and gender non-conforming children is on the rise. For these children, the timing of medical intervention is crucial, yet transgender children report poorer overall physical and mental health outcomes compared with their cisgender peers. We aim to describe how paediatricians perceive transgender people.SettingThe ‘Transgender Attitudes and Beliefs Scale’, which consists of 29 items in three domains—human value, interpersonal comfort and sex/gender beliefs—was administered to 391 senior and resident paediatricians in Israel. The responses on a 7-point Likert scale were collapsed into two categories: a mean score of ≥6 for each domain was a ‘Favourable’ perception and <6 ‘Unfavourable’.ResultsOf 355 respondents (91% response rate), 221 (62%) were females, 132 (37%) were males and 2 identified as ‘other’; 290 (82%) were born in ‘trans-respect countries’, 274 (77%) identified as secular, 223 (63%) were senior physicians and 132 (27%) were residents. Overall, 90% of the cohort scored favourably on the ‘Human value’ domain, 68% on ‘Interpersonal comfort’ and 40% on ‘Sex/gender beliefs’. In the ‘Interpersonal comfort’ domain, being a man, birthplace in a transphobic country, identification as religious and being a senior physician were all associated with increased ORs for an unfavourable score: 2.1 (95% CI 1.3 to 3.4), 3.4 (95% CI 1.9 to 6.3), 2.4 (95% CI 1.4 to 4.2) and 1.8 (95% CI 1.1 to 3.0), respectively. In the ‘Sex/gender beliefs’ domain, being a man and identifying as religious had significantly increased ORs for unfavourable scores: 2.2 (95% CI 1.3 to 3.5) and 10.6 (95% CI 4.7 to 24.1), respectively.ConclusionsNegative attitudes towards transgender people are still widespread among paediatricians. Interventions are warranted to positively impact these attitudes.

scholarly journals Prevalence of nomophobia among the undergraduate medical students of Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish B. R. ◽  
Bharath J.
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Nomophobia (no mobile phobia), is the fear an individual gets if he is out of mobile phone contact due to no network, has run out of balance or run out of battery; the persons gets anxious, which adversely affects the concentration level of the person. Since the younger generation is the latest consumer of the mobile phones and the under 25 year age group in professional colleges like medical colleges use mobile phones quite frequently this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of nomophobia in the undergraduate students of Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted at Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences during May 2018 to June 2018. All undergraduate students were included i.e. same as study population (n=450). Data collection was done during June 2018 using structured questionnaire.Results: Mean age of the study participants was 20.1±1.3 years. Majority of the study population were hostelites. Approximate amount of money spent on last recharge/last postpaid bill was INR 354.1±185.0. Main reasons for using smartphones were ‘to call family members’, ‘using internet for academics’ and ‘for social networking’. Prevalence of moderate to severe nomophobia among the study population was 99.0%. No statistical significant difference was observed between gender and nomophobia.Conclusions: Prevalence of nomophobia among undergraduate medical student was 99.0% and majority had moderate level of nomophobia. There was no association between nomophobia and gender, place of present residence, amount of money spent on last recharge. 

scholarly journals Frequency of Involvement of Different Head and Neck Sites in Referred Otalgia

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Ashfaq Hussain ◽  
Salman Baig ◽  
Mohammad Farooq Bhutta ◽  
Nasima Iqbal ◽  
Ali Nawaz Bijarani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Sensory Innervation ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Radio Imaging ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Participants

Aim: To find out the most frequent head and neck sites of origin of referred otalgia. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at the ENT department of Bahawal Victoria hospital Bahawalpur during January 2019 to December 2019. Methodology: About 500 patients with ear ache were examined and after exclusion 150 were finally analyzed. Detailed history of the patient and clinical examination were done along with radio imaging and endoscopic studies wherever needed. Diagnosis of referred otalgia was made after having normal ear examination along with pathology lying at different head and neck region which share common sensory innervation. For analysis SPSS version-20 was used. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 28.23 ±13 years. The majority of participants were having otalgia of tonsillar origin followed by dental origin and pharyngitis with 31.3%, 23.3% and 16% respectively. Very few of them having otalgia originating from hypopharyngeal carcinoma and laryngeal carcinoma i.e. 3.3% and 2% respectively. While only 4.7% of otalgia were of unknown origin. Female participants were having higher frequency of otalgia which is originated from diseases of temporomandibular joint, hypopharyngeal carcinoma and otalgia of unknown origin in comparison to male participants but differences were insignificant. Otalgia originated from tonsillar and dental causes and due to pharyngitis were most common among the younger age group but having non-significant p-value. Conclusion: It has been concluded that the patients presenting with ear pain, have sometimes no underlying ear pathology. If the ear examination is normal then it is important to examine all other sites of head and neck which share sensory innervation with the ear including teeth, tonsils, pharynx, larynx, nose and paranasal sinuses to find out the exact cause of referred otalgia.

scholarly journals PATH ANALYSIS OF EDUCATION AND DISEASE BURDEN IN DEMENTIA VULNERABILITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S704-S704
Author(s):  
Sarah B Hubner ◽  
Hyeon Jung Kim ◽  
Julie Blaskewicz Boron
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Dementia Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract When considering the various extrinsic variables that may affect disease vulnerability, it is valuable to study temporal ordering of factors to identify areas for disease intervention efforts. This study sought to inform improvement of networks for the purposes of education and health by attempting to better define the causal ordering of ethnicity, age, gender, education, disease burden, and dementia diagnosis with the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study, a sub-study of the Health and Retirement Study. Participants and/or proxies self-reported total number of chronic conditions, subsequently regarded as disease burden. Assessments occurred over four waves; participants were not reassessed after dementia diagnosis. The current study categorized participants as demented (n=414), identified in any wave, or normal (n=117), identified in the final wave. Cognitively-impaired-not-demented and deceased participants were not considered due to lack of diagnosis. Cross-sectional weighting was used. A path model was developed; ethnicity, age, and gender were antecedent to education, and education was casually ordered before disease burden, which was antecedent to dementia diagnosis. A series of logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted. Results revealed that being non-white (Σβ=0.643, all p’s&lt;.001), of older age (Σβ=0.250, all p’s&lt;.001), female (Σβ=0.180, all p’s&lt;.001), and having increased disease burden (Σβ=0.118, p&lt;.001) all demonstrated a positive total effect on dementia diagnosis. Conversely, more years of education (Σβ=-0.245, p&lt;.001) had a negative total effect on diagnosis. The education to disease burden pathway was non-significant. Ultimately, these results may indicate a need for dementia interventions that target those with low education or high disease burden.

scholarly journals Cohort profile: Study of Transition, Outcomes and Gender (STRONG) to assess health status of transgender people

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e018121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia P Quinn ◽  
Rebecca Nash ◽  
Enid Hunkeler ◽  
Richard Contreras ◽  
Lee Cromwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Index Date ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Kaiser Permanente ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Transition Outcomes ◽  
Gender Affirmation ◽  
And Gender

PurposeThe Study of Transition, Outcomes and Gender (STRONG) was initiated to assess the health status of transgender people in general and following gender-affirming treatments at Kaiser Permanente health plans in Georgia, Northern California and Southern California. The objectives of this communication are to describe methods of cohort ascertainment and data collection and to characterise the study population.ParticipantsA stepwise methodology involving computerised searches of electronic medical records and free-text validation of eligibility and gender identity was used to identify a cohort of 6456 members with first evidence of transgender status (index date) between 2006 and 2014. The cohort included 3475 (54%) transfeminine (TF), 2892 (45%) transmasculine (TM) and 89 (1%) members whose natal sex and gender identity remained undetermined from the records. The cohort was matched to 127 608 enrollees with no transgender evidence (63 825 women and 63 783 men) on year of birth, race/ethnicity, study site and membership year of the index date. Cohort follow-up extends through the end of 2016.Findings to dateAbout 58% of TF and 52% of TM cohort members received hormonal therapy at Kaiser Permanente. Chest surgery was more common among TM participants (12% vs 0.3%). The proportions of transgender participants who underwent genital reconstruction surgeries were similar (4%–5%) in the two transgender groups. Results indicate that there are sufficient numbers of events in the TF and TM cohorts to further examine mental health status, cardiovascular events, diabetes, HIV and most common cancers.Future plansSTRONG is well positioned to fill existing knowledge gaps through comparisons of transgender and reference populations and through analyses of health status before and after gender affirmation treatment. Analyses will include incidence of cardiovascular disease, mental health, HIV and diabetes, as well as changes in laboratory-based endpoints (eg, polycythemia and bone density), overall and in relation to gender affirmation therapy.

Gender Affirmation as a Source of Resilience for Addressing Stigmatizing Healthcare Experiences of Transgender Youth of Color

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Goldenberg ◽  
Kristi E Gamarel ◽  
Sari L Reisner ◽  
Laura Jadwin-Cakmak ◽  
Gary W Harper
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Youth Of Color ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Color Experience ◽  
Healthcare Experiences ◽  
Gender Affirmation ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Qualitative Phenomenological

Abstract Background Transgender and other gender diverse (TGD) youth of color experience stigma within healthcare. Gender affirmation can be a resilience resource; however, little is known about gender affirmation within healthcare. Purpose This study explores TGD youth of color’s experiences of stigma and gender affirmation across the entire healthcare experience and their role on motivation to seek care. Methods In 2015, cross-sectional surveys and individual in-depth interviews were conducted among 187 TGD youth ages 16–24 living in 14 U.S. cities. Analyses followed a mixed-methods design whereby 33 participants were purposively selected for a qualitative phenomenological analysis based on quantitatively reported gender affirmation needs. Subsequent quantitative analyses examined how healthcare use differed by access to gender affirmation. Results Participants qualitatively described experiencing stigma across multiple healthcare settings (e.g., primary care, emergency care, medical gender affirmation), including before (finding providers, scheduling), during (waiting rooms, provider interactions), and after (pharmacy) healthcare visits. Participants who quantitatively reported access to gender-affirming healthcare still described negative healthcare experiences, either because they accessed multiple healthcare services or because of prior negative experiences. Stigma and gender affirmation (both inside and outside of healthcare) influenced motivation to seek care, with variation depending on the type of care. Quantitative analyses confirmed these findings; access to gender affirmation differed for participants who delayed primary care vs. those who did not, but did not vary based on participants’ use of medical gender affirmation. Conclusions Findings highlight the importance of promoting gender-affirming healthcare environments to increase access to care for TGD youth of color.

scholarly journals Gender and Physical Activity: Are they Associated with Body Mass Index in Elderly Jordanian People?

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-242
Author(s):  
Safa’a A. Al-Zeidaneen ◽  
Maha T. Hdaib ◽  
Yahya W. Najjar ◽  
Marwa A. Al-Zidaneen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Physically Inactive

Abstract Background: The number of elderly people is increasing worldwide, and elevated body mass index is a common problem that occur with elderly people, which can be directly or indirectly affected by level of physical activity and gender. So, it is essential to study the effect of both physical activity and gender on body mass index in elderly people. Material and methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted on 120 elderly Jordanian people who live in Amman (62 women; 58 men) and evaluated for body mass index. Those participants were 40 elderly persons who attended the gym at least twice a week for the last 2 years, and 80 elderly who were home resident or physically inactive. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data about personal, social, health and life-style information including the daily activities and the anthropometric measurements for the study participants. Results: The results of this study showed that as elderly people become physically inactive, their body mass index will increase to become as overweight or obese. The results of this study also showed that body mass index of 30 and more was associated with gender, with majority of female elderly (50%) having body mass index of 30 or more. Conclusion: Physical activity should be maintained by both genders in order to prevent obesity, primarily in women as they are more likely to become obese that men. Furthermore, body mass index should not exceed 30 in elderly. Physical activity is essential in order to obtain healthy weight.

scholarly journals PERCEPTION OF WOMEN ON SEXUAL AND GENDER BASED VIOLENCE IN NSUKKA, ENUGU STATE

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-270
Author(s):  
Oliver Eya ◽  
◽  
Adaoga Obuna ◽  
Grace Odinye ◽  
Christy Obi-Keguna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Violence ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Participants

Sexual and gender issues have been a problem in Africa and in Nigeria in particular where females were considered less important than their male counterparts in their families, cooperatives, businesses, academic matters among others. Gender-Based Violence (GBV) is deeply rooted in many cultural and traditional values. It is regarded as a normal attitude, remains hidden and tacitly condoned. It has devastating health impacts on the women, as women are mostly controlled and dominated by their partners in a relationship and must never complain of sexual harassment and in the case of childlessness; the woman must accept it as her fault. This study was located in Nsukka Local Government area of Enugu State. A cross sectional survey of 200 study participants was conducted. The instruments used for data collection were structured 194 questionnaire and6 in-depth interview guide. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), frequency distribution tables and chi-square (χ²) for hypotheses. The findings from the study stated that sexual/psychological, physical violence and preference of male child are the major forms of GBV in Nsukka, Enugu State. Majority of the respondents (55.7%) indicated that Spiritual manipulation and illiteracy/ignorance are the major causes of GBV. The study also concluded and recommended that mass sensitization/awareness, empowerment, advocacy by social workers, through domestication of the Convention to Eliminate All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), will help curb GBV as indicated by 42.7% of the respondents.

scholarly journals PARTIAL EDENTULISM;

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharat Kumar ◽  
Naresh Kumar ◽  
Shahid Ali ◽  
Shabir Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mandibular Arch ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Study Setting ◽  
Posterior Area ◽  
Class Iv

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the various patterns of partial edentulism of mandibular arch in patients seen. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Prosthodontics, Dr Ishrat- Ul -Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences Karachi. Period: Six months from July 2013 to December 2013. Materials and Methods: Utilizing consecutive sampling technique, 527 patients were included. Partial edentulism pattern was recorded by visual examination using Kennedy’s classification after applying Applegate’s rules.  Results: In present study class III partial edentulism was the most dominant pattern with class IV being the least in number in mandibular arch. The class III with one modification only involving posterior area was pr-edominant type. As the age of study participants increased, there was decrease in prevalence of class III pattern and increase in class I, class II and class IV pattern. In present study gender had no significant effect on distribution of various Kennedy’s classification, whereas there was statistically significant association between age and pattern of partial edentulism. Conclusion: The Kennedy’s class III was the most common pattern of partial edentulism irrespective of age and gender.

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