PERCEPTION OF WOMEN ON SEXUAL AND GENDER BASED VIOLENCE IN NSUKKA, ENUGU STATE

Sexual and gender issues have been a problem in Africa and in Nigeria in particular where females were considered less important than their male counterparts in their families, cooperatives, businesses, academic matters among others. Gender-Based Violence (GBV) is deeply rooted in many cultural and traditional values. It is regarded as a normal attitude, remains hidden and tacitly condoned. It has devastating health impacts on the women, as women are mostly controlled and dominated by their partners in a relationship and must never complain of sexual harassment and in the case of childlessness; the woman must accept it as her fault. This study was located in Nsukka Local Government area of Enugu State. A cross sectional survey of 200 study participants was conducted. The instruments used for data collection were structured 194 questionnaire and6 in-depth interview guide. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), frequency distribution tables and chi-square (χ²) for hypotheses. The findings from the study stated that sexual/psychological, physical violence and preference of male child are the major forms of GBV in Nsukka, Enugu State. Majority of the respondents (55.7%) indicated that Spiritual manipulation and illiteracy/ignorance are the major causes of GBV. The study also concluded and recommended that mass sensitization/awareness, empowerment, advocacy by social workers, through domestication of the Convention to Eliminate All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), will help curb GBV as indicated by 42.7% of the respondents.

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Veterinarians’ Perception, Knowledge and Practices of Hand Hygiene in Enugu State Southeast, Nigeria

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb11310416 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 364-375

Author(s):

Madubuike U. ANYANWU ◽

Obichukwu C. NWOBI ◽

Oluwatosin K. AJOKE

Keyword(s):

Hand Hygiene ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Southeastern Nigeria ◽

Veterinary Clinic ◽

Significance Level ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Enugu State ◽

And Gender

A cross-sectional survey utilizing questionnaire assessed veterinarians’ awareness, attitudes and practices of hand hygiene (HH) in Enugu State Southeastern Nigeria. Data obtained were analyzed using chi-square on SPSS (version 15.0) at a significance level of P < 0.05 to determine possible associations between variables and perceptions/knowledge about HH. Out of 294 respondents, 26.9% were familiar with the WHO’s “5 moments of HH” model but majority knew the importance of the model. There was high compliance with HH after touching an animal (100%) and animal’s surrounding (96%), and contact with body fluid (100%) but HH before touching an animal (52.5%) and performing clean procedures (58.5%) were practiced sub-optimally. Majority of the respondents often forgets to perform HH (61.9%) and prioritizes clinical tasks to HH when busy (65%). The attitudes/practices towards HH were generally negative. Minority knew that unclean veterinary personnel’s hands are the main route of infection in the veterinary clinic (38.1%) and alcohol-based hand rubs are more effective on pathogens than other cleansing agents (23.1%). Majority of the respondents does not know when different HH techniques ought to be performed. The overall knowledge of HH by the respondents was moderate (55.4%). No significant association (P > 0.05) was found between level of knowledge and gender, age, qualification, duration of practice and location. Poor knowledge of HH guidelines, unavailability and inaccessibility of HH facilities, and unavailability of reminders were the major barriers to compliance with appropriate HH practices. In conclusion, veterinarians’ awareness and perception about HH in the study area is moderate while the practices are sub-optimal, thus the education of Nigerian veterinarians about HH and the teaching of the principles and practices of appropriate HH during veterinary schools are recommended.

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Are We Passing on Violence to the Next Generation?: Gender Norms and Gender-based Violence Attitudes among Early Adolescents in Indonesia

Kesmas National Public Health Journal ◽

10.21109/kesmas.v16i4.4538 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

Author(s):

I Gusti Agung Agus Mahendra ◽

Anggriyani Wahyu Pinandari ◽

Ifta Choiriyah ◽

Siswanto Agus Wilopo

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Gender Norms ◽

Early Adolescents ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Gender Based ◽

And Gender ◽

The Individual

Intensification of gender norms during puberty affects adolescents’ perceptions and behavior related to violence. This study examined the association between gender norms and gender-based violence (GBV) among early adolescents considering socio-ecological variables using cross-sectional data from 3,618 Indonesian Global Early Adolescent Study pupils. Chi-square tests with simple and multiple logistic regression analyses examined how different factors' levels predict GBV. Among boys, GBV attitudes were found high (53%). Furthermore, they also had high heteronormative expectations, threatened feelings, experiences of violence, porn access, and 5+ adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Logistic regression results revealed that adolescent boys having one or two scores of gender norms at the above-median are 1.3 times more likely to commit GBV and even 2.2 times higher if all were above median [AOR(CI) =1.3(1.1-1.6); 2.2(1.7-2.8)], respectively. Boys, having 5+ ACEs, and stronger endorsement on heteronormative relationships were also more likely to commit GBV [AOR(CI) =1.5(1.3-1.7); 1.5(1.2-1.9); 1.5 (1.3-1.7)], respectively. This research concluded that unequal gender norms intensified during puberty strongly correlate to attitudes towards GBV among early adolescents. Strengthening the individual aspects by providing a more conducive environment, such as comprehensive sexual education at school, is essential to prevent GBV.

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Gender-Based Violence Risk Mitigation by Non-GBV Specialists Prior to and during COVID-19: A Global Survey of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Humanitarian Practitioners

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182413387 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (24) ◽

pp. 13387

Author(s):

Vandana Sharma ◽

Annika Gompers ◽

Jocelyn T. D. Kelly ◽

Erin Patrick ◽

Christine Heckman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Mitigation ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Gender Based ◽

Almost All ◽

Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Available evidence indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic and response measures may lead to increased risk of gender-based violence (GBV), including in humanitarian contexts. This study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of humanitarian practitioners related to GBV risk mitigation approaches during COVID-19 in order to refine current guidance and inform future materials. A global, online cross-sectional survey of humanitarian practitioners was conducted between November 2020 and April 2021. We calculated descriptive statistics and used Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests to compare knowledge, attitudes, and practices among GBV specialists and non-specialists. Of 170 respondents, 58% were female and 44% were GBV specialists. Almost all (95%) of the respondents agreed or strongly agreed that they have a role to play in GBV risk mitigation. Compared to GBV specialists, a higher proportion of non-specialists reported little to no knowledge on GBV risk mitigation global guidance (38% vs. 7%, p < 0.001) and on how to respond to a disclosure of GBV (18% vs. 3%, p < 0.001). Respondents reported several barriers to integrating GBV risk mitigation into their work during COVID-19, including insufficient funding, capacity, knowledge, and guidance. Efforts to mainstream GBV risk mitigation actions should continue and intensify, leveraging the lessons and experiences generated thus far.

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Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception of COVID-19 Pandemic in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria- The Initial Experience

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2021/v33i2031101 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 27-37

Author(s):

E. K. Mgbe ◽

C. G. Mgbe ◽

S. N. Ezeofor ◽

J. F. Etiki

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

World Health ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The World ◽

Enugu State ◽

Health Organization

Background: The world is experiencing a global corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic. As of 9th June 2020, over 7 million confirmed cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and more than 400,000 deaths had been reported in more than 30 countries of the world according to World Health Organization. Aim: We aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and vulnerability perception of Enugu state residents during the coronavirus outbreak in order to facilitate better health care outcomes. Methodology: A prospective Web-based cross-sectional survey was designed for this study which was conducted in March 2020 among Enugu state residents. The obtained data were coded, validated, and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS software, version 24. Descriptive analysis was applied to calculate the frequencies and proportions and Chi-Square Test was also used. A preliminary phase was conducted to assess the validity and reliability of the questionnaire before its use. Results: The study showed that significant number (99.6%) of the respondents had heard about Covid-19 and the most stated source of knowledge was social media (57.6%), followed by Newspaper and television shows (50.2%) while the least was from General Practitioner (GP) (8.9%). There was over 75% agreement with, and practice, of all known covid precautionary measures and less than 35% responses for wrong claims and practices about covid -19. Conclusion: The overall knowledge, attitude, and perception are high in Enugu state population although few still has background combined superstitious believes. Social media and internet are the highest used facility for acquisition of knowledge and information in Enugu, Nigeria.

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Questionnaire based assessment of awareness about infection control practices regarding COVID-19 among health care workers

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20212360 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abhijeet K. Mane ◽

Anuradha G. Tolpadi ◽

Meera S. Modak ◽

Ashok K. Verma ◽

Ancy C. Achenkunju ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infection Control ◽

Educational Interventions ◽

Basic Knowledge ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Ancillary Staff ◽

Study Participants

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at frontline of response of the current pandemic of the COVID-19. This exposes them to risk of infection due to insufficient knowledge and unhealthy practices. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of infection control practices among HCWs regarding COVID-19.Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between April 2020 and June 2020. A 21-questions survey was developed and distributed among study population. A total of 622 HCWs working in a dedicated COVID-19 hospital participated in this study. Descriptive statistics was applied to represent participant characteristics and Chi-square test was used to evaluate the level of association among variables with a significance level of <0.05.Results: Out of 622 participants, 443 (71.22%) were females and 179 (28.78%) were males. Majority of the participants were nurses 308 (49.5%) followed by resident doctors 152 (24.4%), faculty doctors 108 (17.3%) and ancillary staff 54 (8.6%). Most participants 424 (68.1%) were less than 30 years of age. The overall response to survey was satisfactory with average correct responses recorded at 70.9%. Faculty doctors and resident doctors scored maximum average of 73% marks.Conclusions: The study participants showed sufficient basic knowledge about infection control practices regarding COVID-19. It also highlights the importance of continued training and educational interventions which are required to battle the present pandemic situation.

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Associated factors of sexual and gender based violence among female high school students in Debre Markos Town, North West Ethiopia: an institutionally based cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-310648/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wassachew Ashebir ◽

Abiot Ayichew

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

North West ◽

Female High School ◽

Debre Markos ◽

Gender Based ◽

And Gender

Abstract Background: Sexual and gender based violence (SGBV) continues to be a concern of health, sexual and reproductive rights, sustainable peace and development issue that cuts across boundaries, cultural backgrounds and socio-economic groups to touch individuals of every sort around the world. SGBV remains one of the greatest inequalities of our time that takes life, violates the right they are entitled with, and seriously endangers women and girl’s mental and physical wellbeing, as well as sexual and economical security. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of sexual and gender based violence among female high school students in Debre Markos Town, North West Ethiopia:. Methods: An institutionally based-cross-sectional study was conducted among 309 randomly selected female high school students in Debre Markos Town. Data was collected using self- administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression with odds ratio and 95% confidence interval to identify factors associated with sexual and gender based violence. Statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05.Results: The lifetime prevalence of GBV, sexual violence, and physical violence were found to be 47.0, 23.3, and 39.5%, respectively. The prevalence of sexual violence in the current academic year was 13.2%. Ever drink alcohol (AOR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.18–0.86), have friends using substances (AOR = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.09–0.82), Grade level (AOR = 3.15; 95% CI: 1.32–7.48), witnessing parental conflict (AOR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.17–0.52), ever discuss gender related issues (AOR = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.31–3.78) and living condition of students (AOR = 3.53; 95% CI: 1.55–8.07) were significantly associated with gender-based violence.Conclusion: The prevalence of sexual and gender-based-violence was high. This needs further intervention like awareness creation at school and community settings should be strengthened.

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Career aspirations among specialty residents: a gender-based comparison

10.21203/rs.3.rs-25196/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alice Cathelain ◽

Mercedes Jourdain ◽

Charlotte Cordonnier ◽

Sophie Catteau Jonard ◽

Deborah Sebbane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Gender Discrimination ◽

Career Aspirations ◽

University Hospital ◽

Gender Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gender Based ◽

And Gender ◽

Comparison Of The Results

Abstract Background - Two recent studies looked at the career choice of residents in obstetrics & gynecology. It seemed useful to us to broaden this questioning to other specialties, by proposing a study to all residents in the same Faculty. The objective of our study was to describe residents career aspirations and possible barriers according to gender.Methods – Declarative cross-sectional survey, using questionnaires sent by email to the specialty residents of the Faculty of Medicine of Lille (France). An analysis by specialty group (i.e. medicine, surgery, obstetrics & gynecology and anesthesia & resuscitation) and a comparison of the results according to gender were performed. Results – Of the 1,384 specialty residents currently in training, 462 answered the questionnaires (33.38%), among whom 289 women and 173 men (average age = 27.08 years +/- 0.091). 17 women (5.9%) were currently considering a university hospital career versus 37 men (21.4%) (p = 0.001). Gender analysis made it possible to identify obstacles to engaging in a university career: lacking female model, more frequent doubting in the ability to lead this type of career among women (61.6%) than men (35.3%) (p <0.001), and gender discrimination felt in the workplace for 51.6% of women (versus 7.5% of men, p <0.001). Subgroup analysis showed specificities related to each specialty. Conclusions – Few residents plan to embark upon a university hospital career, let alone female residents. There are specificities specific to each specialty and marked gender differences regarding career aspirations. Many obstacles have been identified as obstacles to access to university hospital positions for women. It is important to develop strategies to remove these barriers and enable women to pursue such university careers. Trial registration – Not applicable (no intervention)

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Career aspirations among specialty residents in France: a cross-sectional gender-based comparison

BMC Medical Education ◽

10.1186/s12909-021-02494-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

A. Cathelain ◽

M. Jourdain ◽

C. Cordonnier ◽

S. Catteau-Jonard ◽

D. Sebbane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gender Discrimination ◽

Career Aspirations ◽

University Hospital ◽

Anglo Saxon ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

French Studies ◽

Gender Based ◽

And Gender ◽

Comparison Of The Results

Abstract Background Most studies evaluating career aspirations among gender are performed in Anglo-Saxon countries. Two recent French studies looked at the career choice of residents in obstetrics & gynecology. It seemed useful to us to broaden this questioning to other specialties, by proposing a study to all residents in the same Faculty. The objective of our study was to describe residents’ career aspirations and possible barriers according to gender. Methods Declarative cross-sectional survey, using questionnaires sent by email to the specialty residents of the Faculty of Medicine of Lille (France). An analysis by specialty group (i.e., medicine, surgery, obstetrics & gynecology, and anesthesia & resuscitation) and a comparison of the results according to gender were performed. Results Of the 1384 specialty residents currently in training, 462 answered the questionnaire (33.38%), among whom 289 women and 173 men (average age = 27.08 ± 0.091 years). Seventeen women (5.9%) were currently considering a university hospital career versus 37 men (21.4%) (p = 0.001). Gender analysis made it possible to identify obstacles to engaging in a university career: lacking a female model, more frequent doubting the ability to undertake this type of career among women (61.6%) than men (35.3%) (p < 0.001), and gender discrimination felt in the workplace for 51.6% of women (versus 7.5% of men, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed specificities related to each specialty. Conclusions Few residents plan to embark upon a university hospital career, let alone female residents. There are considerations specific to each specialty and marked gender differences regarding career aspirations. Many features have been identified as obstacles to access to university hospital positions for women. It is important to develop strategies to remove these barriers and enable women to pursue such university careers. Trial registration Not applicable (no intervention).

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Recommendations from LGBTQ+ adults for increased inclusion within physical activity: a qualitative content analysis

Translational Behavioral Medicine ◽

10.1093/tbm/ibab154 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shannon S C Herrick ◽

Tyler Baum ◽

Lindsay R Duncan

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Content Analysis ◽

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sports Teams ◽

Gender Binary ◽

The Creation ◽

Gender Based ◽

And Gender

Abstract For decades, physical activity contexts have been inherently exclusionary toward LGBTQ+ participation through their perpetuation of practices and systems that support sexuality- and gender-based discrimination. Progress toward LGBTQ+ inclusivity within physical activity has been severely limited by a lack of actionable and practical suggestions. The purpose of this study was to garner an extensive account of suggestions for inclusivity from LGBTQ+ adults. Using an online cross-sectional survey, LGBTQ+ adults (N = 766) were asked the following open-ended question, “in what ways do you think physical activity could be altered to be more inclusive of LGBTQ+ participation?” The resulting texts were coded using inductive qualitative content analysis. All coding was subject to critical peer review. Participants’ suggestions have been organized and presented under two overarching points of improvement: (a) creation of safe(r) spaces and (b) challenging the gender binary. Participants (n = 558; 72.8%) outlined several components integral to the creation and maintenance of safe(r) spaces such as: (i) LGBTQ+ memberships, (ii) inclusivity training for fitness facility staff, (iii) informative advertisement of LGBTQ+ inclusion, (iv) antidiscrimination policies, and (v) diverse representation. Suggestions for challenging the gender binary (n = 483; 63.1%) called for the creation of single stalls or gender-neutral locker rooms, as well as for the questioning of gender-based stereotypes and binary divisions of gender within physical activity (e.g., using skill level and experience to divide sports teams as opposed to gender). The findings of this study represent a multitude of practical suggestions for LGBTQ+ inclusivity that can be applied to a myriad of physical activity contexts.

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