The cost of HIV testing at five district health facilities intervented poct model to confirmation HIV detected

2021 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
Viet Nga Nguyen ◽  
◽  
Thi Hien Ho ◽  
Thanh Long Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Cost Allocation ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
District Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Keywords Hiv ◽  
The Cost

Objective: HIV testing is the only method to confirm people infected with HIV. There are many models providing HIV testing services. HIV testing cost is an important component for the investment and strategic direction of policies and programs on HIV. This paper describes HIV testing costs of HIV confirmatory testing by using three rapid diagnostic tests at district level (POCT- Point of Care testing). Methods: cross-sectional study design was employed, costs are calculated using the cost-allocation method based on the proportion of resources used for the personnel, investment such as infrastructure and equipments, routine operational costs including test kits and consumable supplies, administration and training, fuel costs using for HIV testing in the laboratory, transporting the sample to province for HIV positived confirmation and HIV confirmatory test at the province. Five district health centers (DHC) thực hiện mô hình can thiệp POCT HIV were studied, HIV tests were conducted for 4,636 clients in 2016. Results : 201 HIV positive cases were detected; after implementing the POCT model to confirm HIV status at these five DHCs, the cost per HIV screening test case is 7,4 USD on average; and cost per an HIV comfirmatory test is 206,8 USD. Conclusion: Applying the POCT model of HIV helps reducethe cost of HIV testing because of saving cost for sample transportion and implementing confirm HIV detected more in provincal standard laboratory. It should be expanded to use especially limitted resource settings in Vietnam Keywords: HIV, HIV test, POCT, cost

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Utility of Point-of-Care HIV Testing on a Canadian Internal Medicine Inpatient Unit

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Lawrence Lau ◽  
Beverly Wudel ◽  
Eugene Lee ◽  
Majid Darraj ◽  
Quinlan Richert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Inpatient Unit ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Undiagnosed Hiv ◽  
Acceptable Method ◽  
Routine Hiv Testing

Point-of-care (POC) HIV testing has been shown to be an acceptable method for increasing HIV testing uptake. To date, no studies have examined the use of POC testing for routine HIV screening on the medicine inpatient unit. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted over a three-month period in July, August, and October 2016 to evaluate the prevalence of undiagnosed HIV and the attitudes towards routine POC HIV testing. Patients admitted directly to medicine inpatient teaching units at a tertiary hospital in Winnipeg, Canada, were approached for participation. The POC HIV test was administered at the bedside. Reactive and indeterminate tests were confirmed with standard serological HIV testing. Participants were given a questionnaire regarding their attitudes towards POC testing on the unit. Although no cases of previously undiagnosed HIV were identified during the study period, only 35% of participants were found to have ever had HIV testing previously. The majority of participants were satisfied with the POC testing experience and would choose to have the POC testing again. Overall, the low rate of outpatient testing highlights the need for routine HIV testing on an inpatient basis.

scholarly journals Factors associated with HIV testing among traditional healers and their clients in rural Uganda: Results from a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242110150
Author(s):  
Doreen Nabukalu ◽  
Matthew Ponticiello ◽  
Thomas Bennett ◽  
Sunday Clark ◽  
Rachel King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Male Clients ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Testing Uptake

Uptake of HIV testing is suboptimal in Uganda, particularly in rural communities. Reaching UNAIDS 95-95-95 goals requires strategies to increase HIV testing among hard-to-reach populations. This cross-sectional study sought to characterize engagement with HIV testing among traditional healers and their clients in rural Uganda. We enrolled 175 traditional healers and 392 adult clients of healers in Mbarara District. The primary outcome for this study was having received an HIV test in the prior 12 months. Most clients ( n = 236, 65.9%) had received an HIV test within 12 months, compared to less than half of healers ( n = 75, 46.3%) who had not. In multivariate regression models, male clients of healers were half as likely to have tested in the past year, compared with female (adjusted odds ratios (AORs) = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.26–0.70). Increasing age negatively predicted testing within the past year (AOR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.93–0.97) for clients. Among healers, more sexual partners predicted knowing ones serostatus (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.03–2.48). Healers (AOR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.07–1.26) and clients (AOR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.13–1.34 for clients) with greater numbers of lifetime HIV tests were more likely to have tested in the past year. Traditional healers and their clients lag behind UNAIDS benchmarks and would benefit from programs to increase HIV testing uptake.

scholarly journals Feasibility and Success of Hiv Point-of-Care Testing in an Emergency Department in an Urban Canadian Setting

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa L Becker ◽  
Laura H Thompson ◽  
Carla Pindera ◽  
Natalie Bridger ◽  
Carmen Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Centre Hospital

BACKGROUND: Approximately 26% of Canadians living with HIV are unaware of their status. Point-of-care (POC) HIV tests have been introduced to simplify and expand HIV testing.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of POC testing in an emergency department (ED) setting in Winnipeg, Manitoba.METHODS: A cross-sectional study of unselected adults presenting to the ED at the Health Sciences Centre Hospital (Winnipeg, Manitoba) was performed. Study procedures included pre- and post-test counselling, administration of the INSTI HIV-1/HIV-2 Antibody Test (bioLytical Laboratories, Canada) and a brief questionnaire. Venous blood samples were collected from participants for confirmatory testing on all reactive and indeterminate specimens.RESULTS: In total, 501 adults participated in the study. The majority of participants were younger than 40 years of age, approximately one-half (48.5%) were women and 53% self-identified as Aboriginal. Nearly one-half (49.1%) of the participants had undergone previous HIV testing, although 63% of these tests were performed more than a year earlier. A total of seven individuals tested reactive with the POC test, all of whom were confirmed positive using serological testing (1.4%) and were linked to an HIV specialist within 24 h. Nearly all of the participants (96%) reported satisfaction with the test and believed it belonged in the ED (93%).CONCLUSIONS: Of the participants tested, 1.4% tested reactive for HIV, which is significantly higher than the reported prevalence in Manitoba and in other similar studies conducted in North America. Furthermore, all individuals were linked to timely care. The present study demonstrated that this particular busy tertiary care ED is an important and feasible location for HIV POC testing.

scholarly journals Preferences for HIV testing services among young people in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ucheoma Nwaozuru ◽  
iwelunmor juliet ◽  
Jason J. Ong ◽  
Sawsan Salah ◽  
Chisom Obiezu-Umeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Hiv Testing Services ◽  
Test Administrator

Abstract Background Despite high HIV incidence rates among young people in Nigeria, less than 24% of this population have ever tested for HIV. These low HIV testing rates suggest that current testing services may not align with their testing preferences. To address this gap, the objective of this study was to assess preferences for HIV testing options among young people in Nigeria.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using survey to assess preferences for HIV testing options among 113 youth aged 14-24 years residing in Nigeria. The survey included a series of hypothetical HIV testing options, comprised of six characteristics centered around HIV testing service (i.e. location of testing, test administrator, mode of pre-test, mode of post-test counseling, type of HIV test, and cost of HIV test). For each characteristic, participants were asked to select one of the options that they prefer or indicate none of the above. A descriptive analysis of the preferences made by participants was conducted, summarizing proportions of participants who selected different options for HIV testing.Results The mean age of study participants was 19.5 years old (SD=2.7). Most youth (73, 64.6%) had at least a secondary school degree. There was pronounced heterogeneity in HIV testing preferences among young people. Although most youth preferred free HIV testing, 14 (16.7%) reported preferring paying a small amount compared to free testing. More youth preferred blood-based HIV self-testing 39(48.8%) compared to facility-based HIV testing and oral HIV self-testing.Conclusions Our finding suggest that young people have a range of HIV testing preferences in Nigeria. This suggests that a “one-size-fits-all” approach to delivering services to youth may be challenging in this context. HIV testing services can be optimized to reach young people if a variety options are provided to meet their unique preferences.

scholarly journals Preferences for HIV testing services among young people in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ucheoma Nwaozuru ◽  
iwelunmor juliet ◽  
Jason J. Ong ◽  
Sawsan Salah ◽  
Chisom Obiezu-Umeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Hiv Testing Services ◽  
Test Administrator

Abstract Background Despite high HIV incidence rates among young people in Nigeria, less than 24% of this population have ever tested for HIV. These low HIV testing rates suggest that current testing services may not align with their testing preferences. To address this gap, the objective of this study was to assess preferences for HIV testing options among young people in Nigeria.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using survey to assess preferences for HIV testing options among 113 youth aged 14-24 years residing in Nigeria. The survey included a series of hypothetical HIV testing options, comprised of six characteristics centered around HIV testing service (i.e. location of testing, test administrator, mode of pre-test, mode of post-test counseling, type of HIV test, and cost of HIV test). For each characteristic, participants were asked to select one of the options that they prefer or indicate none of the above. A descriptive analysis of the preferences made by participants was conducted, summarizing proportions of participants who selected different options for HIV testing.Results The mean age of study participants was 19.5 years old (SD=2.7). Most youth (73, 64.6%) had at least a secondary school degree. There was pronounced heterogeneity in HIV testing preferences among young people. Although most youth preferred free HIV testing, 14 (16.7%) reported preferring paying a small amount compared to free testing. More youth preferred blood-based HIV self-testing 39(48.8%) compared to facility-based HIV testing and oral HIV self-testing.Conclusions Our finding suggest that young people have a range of HIV testing preferences in Nigeria. This suggests that a “one-size-fits-all” approach to delivering services to youth may be challenging in this context. HIV testing services can be optimized to reach young people if a variety options are provided to meet their unique preferences.

scholarly journals Uptake of HIV testing and HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men in Karnataka

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
Vani Srinivas ◽  
Rajesh T. Patil ◽  
M. Chandrakantha ◽  
T. L. N. Prasad ◽  
Sunil D. Khaparde
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Human Immuno Deficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Sex With Men

Background: This paper presents the prevalence of human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) attending integrated counselling and testing Centres (ICTC) in selected districts of Karnataka.Methods: A cross sectional study was done at ICTCs. Men and transgenders coming with referral slips from targeted intervention (TI), non-government organizations (NGOs) were considered as MSMs. The basic demographic data, HIV test result and details of post- test counselling were collected in specific format. Data from 13 districts was obtained from April 2009 to March 2010 and comparing the prevalence of HIV among MSM in HIV sentinel surveillance (HSS).Results: Out of 8,276 MSMs in 13 districts, 2808 (33.9%) visited ICTCs with TI NGOs referral slips and were tested for HIV once in a year. The overall prevalence of HIV was 8.6%. Prevalence was highest (17.3%) among men in the age group of 41 to 45 years, illiterates (11.5%), unemployed (11.2%) and divorced and separated (13.3%) and widowed (13.6%) MSMs. Among those tested, 97.7% of MSM underwent post-test counselling and collected their report. The highest HIV prevalence was among MSMs from Mysore district (20.1%), followed by Udupi (19.9%) and Bagalkot (10.6%). Rest of all the other districts had less than 10% of HIV prevalence.Conclusions: The uptake of HIV testing among the MSM with referral slips was low in Karnataka. The prevalence level differs in various districts. There is need for more focused and effective counselling by peer educators for correct and consistent condom usage among illiterate, widowed and unemployed MSMs.

scholarly journals Point-of-Care Troponin T Testing in the Management of Patients with Chest Pain in the Swedish Primary Care

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staffan Nilsson ◽  
Per O. Andersson ◽  
Lars Borgquist ◽  
Ewa Grodzinsky ◽  
Magnus Janzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Chest Pain ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Cost

Objective. To investigate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical benefit of point-of-care Troponin T testing (POCT-TnT) in the management of patients with chest pain. Design. Observational, prospective, cross-sectional study with followup. Setting. Three primary health care (PHC) centres using POCT-TnT and four PHC centres not using POCT-TnT in the southeast of Sweden. Patients. All patients ≥35 years old, contacting one of the primary health care centres for chest pain, dyspnoea on exertion, unexplained weakness, and/or fatigue with no other probable cause than cardiac, were included. Symptoms should have commenced or worsened during the last seven days. Main Outcome Measures. Emergency referrals, patients with acute myocardial infarctions (AMI), or unstable angina (UA) within 30 days of study enrolment. Results. 25% of the patients from PHC centres with POCT-TnT and 43% from PHC centres without POCT-TnT were emergently referred by the GP (P=0.011 ). Seven patients (5.5%) from PHC centres with POCT-TnT and six (8.8%) from PHC centres without POCT-TnT were diagnosed as AMI or UA (P=0.369). Two patients with AMI or UA from PHC centres with POCT-TnT were judged as missed cases in primary health care. Conclusion. The use of POCT-TnT may reduce emergency referrals but probably at the cost of an increased risk to miss patients with AMI or UA.

scholarly journals Parents Support Implementation of HIV Testing and Counseling at School: Cross-Sectional Study with Parents of Adolescent Attending High School in Gauteng and North West Provinces, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sphiwe Madiba ◽  
Mathildah Mokgatle
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
High School ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West ◽  
Hiv Testing And Counseling ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Testing And Counseling

Background. A formative assessment of the implementation of HIV testing and counseling (HTC) at school showed high acceptability and willingness to test among learners. However, the success of the proposed HTC depends on the support and acceptability of key stakeholders, including the parents. The aim of the study was to assess the opinions and acceptability of the implementation of HTC at school among parents of adolescents in high school.Methods. This was a cross-sectional household survey conducted with parents of adolescents attending high schools in educational districts in North West and Gauteng provinces, South Africa.Results. A total of 804 parents participated, and 548 (68.3%) were biological mothers, 85 (10.6%) were fathers, and the remaining were other relatives including grandmothers. Almost all (n=742, 92.9%) parents were in support of implementation and provision of HTC at school, 701 (87.7%) would allow their children to be tested at school, 365 (46%) felt that parental consent was not needed to test at school, and 39.4% preferred to receive the HIV test results with their children.Conclusion. Parents accept the roll-out of an HTC program at school and have a role to play in supporting children who test positive for HIV.

scholarly journals Cost of Illness of Malaria in Coastal Karnataka, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (02) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Affan K ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Service Utilisation ◽  
District Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cost

Background: Malaria is one of the major health issues in developing and underdeveloped countries. It is considered to be one of the main reasons for morbidity and mortality. This study intends to estimate the cost of illness of malaria at the household level and health service utilisation pattern for malaria treatment in coastal Karnataka. Materials and Methods: It was a secondary data-based cross-sectional study comprising people suffering from malaria during the period from September to December 2016. Result: The median gross total cost of illness (a single episode of malaria) was 4,000 INR, the median direct medical cost was zero, and the median direct non-medical cost was 100 INR. The majority of individuals (92.2%) took treatment from public healthcare sectors. Conclusion: The effective implementation of anti-malarial interventions by the District Health Authority, District Vector Borne Disease Control Office, and treatment from public health sectors resulted in negligible direct medical cost which made a remarkable reduction in the cost of illness of malaria.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the decision to obtain an HIV test among Chinese/Chinese American community college women in Northern California

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Leng Trieu ◽  
Naomi N. Modeste ◽  
Helen Hopp Marshak ◽  
Michael A. Males ◽  
Sally I. Bratton
Keyword(s):  
Community College ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Chinese American ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hiv Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Hiv Test

HIV testing and counseling is the cornerstone of a comprehensive approach to HIV prevention and education. This article examines reasons for and barriers to obtaining an HIV test among 230 Chinese/Chinese American college students. Using Health Belief Model constructs, a cross-sectional study was administered at four California community college campuses. The self-report survey results indicated that 30% of respondents have obtained HIV testing. The most common reasons for testing were “just to find out” (73%), “having had unprotected sexual intercourse” (63%), and “having had sex with a new partner” (57%). Among those who were never tested, low levels of perceived susceptibility (66%) and lack of knowledge on testing sites (36%) were the most common barriers. Multiple unconditional logistic regression analyses revealed age, ethnic identity, lack of condom use during last intercourse, lower perceived barriers, and higher self-efficacy as significant predictors of HIV testing history. Emphasizing these factors in HIV education campaigns will likely increase testing rates within this population.

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