The Roman Danube: An Archaeological Survey

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 124-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Military History ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Roman World ◽  
River Danube ◽  
Cultural Themes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Military

The subject is the Roman occupation and control of the river Danube between the river Inn and the Black Sea, with a special emphasis on recent research and discoveries. Themes examined include the pattern of recent research and publication in the dozen modern states that now exist in the area; the construction of strategic roads linking the upper and lower Danube basins with the rest of the Roman world; military history and the creation of the military cordon along the river and the civil and military settlements associated with this. Recent research on social, economic, and cultural themes is also reviewed. Detailed accounts of major roads to the Danube and sites along the river are provided in two topographical appendices.

Guerra, élites locali e monarchia nella Lombardia del seicento. Per un'interpretazione in chiave di compromesso d'interessi

2009 ◽  
pp. 3-30
Author(s):  
Alessandro Buono
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Military History ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Power Elite ◽  
Institutional History ◽  
The Military ◽  
Political Groups ◽  
Xviith Century

- Through the case study of Spanish Lombardy during the Thirty years' war, the Author tries to link the latest results of military history with the politico-institutional framework, with a view to overcome the narrowness of an exclusive military approach. By focussing on the agenda of a commission for the control of the army composed of civil and military authorities from 1638 to 1679 and on the careers of some financiers and military entrepreneurs, the Author suggests the need to abandon the pattern of the militarization of society in order to describe the processes affecting the Milanesado. The military tool appears to be purposefully used to strengthen political and social ties between centre and periphery and also to integrate emerging social, economic and political groups into the Lombard power elite. The interpretation underlying the essay is therefore based on the idea of a «compromise of interests» between centre and periphery of the Spanish imperial system as a way to stabilize the situation of Lombardy.Keywords: Milan, Spanish Monarchy, XVIIth century, power élites, military history, institutional history, Thirty Years' WarParole chiave: Lombardia, Monarchia spagnola, secolo XVII, elites dominanti, storia militare, storia delle istituzioni, Guerra dei Trent'anni

"Itzt kommen die Soldaten"

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilman Venzl
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Military History ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

In the 18th century, as many as 300 German-language plays were produced with the military and its contact and friction with civil society serving as focus of the dramatic events. The immense public interest these plays attracted feeds not least on the fundamental social structural change that was brought about by the establishment of standing armies. In his historico-cultural literary study, Tilman Venzl shows how these military dramas literarily depict complex social processes and discuss the new problems in an affirmative or critical manner. For the first time, the findings of the New Military History are comprehensively included in the literary history of the 18th century. Thus, the example of selected military dramas – including Lessing's Minna von Barnhelm and Lenz's Die Soldaten – reveals the entire range of variety characterizing the history of both form and function of the subject.

Region-wide assessment of the land-based sources of pollution of the black sea

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Z. Sarikaya ◽  
M. F. Sevimli ◽  
E. Çitil
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
International Rivers ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
River Danube ◽  
And Control ◽  
Pollution Loads

Black Sea riparian countries have committed to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment of the Black Sea from land-based sources in accordance with Article VII of the Bucharest Convention. Gathering information on the sources of pollution was one of the basic requirements of the Odessa Ministerial Declaration of the Black Sea countries. This paper presents a summary of the outcome of the studies conducted to fulfil this obligation. The aim of this study has been limited to the point sources of wastewater discharges including domestic as well as industrial discharges. The inputs through main rivers were also included in the scope. Solid wastes directly or indirectly discharged or dumped into the Black Sea were not included in this study. Diffuse sources, surface runoff (storm water) and air emissions were not included in the scope of the study. In this paper, total domestic, industrial and riverine pollution loads of the major pollutants such as BOD, TSS, TN and TP were presented for each of the six Black Sea riparian countries after compilation of the data. Rapid assessment techniques of WHO were adopted in the study to estimate the pollutant loads of the point sources. The major source of contamination to the Black Sea arises as a result of the inputs of contaminants from international rivers, especially the River Danube. The other international rivers are also crucial in the pollution of the Black Sea, although the River Danube is the dominant pollutant source. The fact that the total riverine input is about 85% of the total pollution load of BOD demonstrates the significance of the control of the riverine sources. Total pollution loads of each Black Sea country and their breakdown as domestic, industrial and riverine inputs were presented both in graphical and in tabulated forms. Furthermore, the contribution of the oil pollution and pollution exchange through straits (Kerch and Bosphorus Straits) are also given.

scholarly journals Review of the Materials of the Baron F. F. Turnau’s Military Survey Expeditions on the Black Sea Coast of the Caucasus in the 1830s

2020 ◽  
pp. 664-675
Author(s):  
Dmitry S. Tkachenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Military History ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
General Staff ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Sea Coast

The article analyses the corpus of documents from the fonds of the Russian State Military History Archive, formed in the 1830s during the General Staff officer Feodor Turnau’s expeditions of to the Black Sea coast zone, which lay outside the Imperial control. Although his activities among the Circassian tribes can be termed one of the best Russian secret scouting missions and his memoirs published in 1864 are still considered an important source for studying the military and political history of the region, materials and reports of the survey missions have never been examined in modern Caucasus studies. The author compares the data included by Turnau in his secret reports to the Imperial authorities with what he mentioned in his memoirs. It shows which issues the Imperial authorities and the Caucasus Army command were interested in during the Russo-highlanders confrontation of the second half of the 1830s. The materials collected by F. F. Turnau can be useful not only in terms of clarifying certain aspects of his personal activities, but also in demonstrating the running of secret survey scouting in unexplored and dangerous ethnic territories off the Imperial frontier. They show high erudition and good training of the candidates selected from the ranks of the General Staff officers to run these scouting missions. The correspondence of the Caucasus Army commander with the central authorities in St. Petersburg on the issue of Turnau’s captivity shows differences in their understanding of the Russo-Caucasus relations. The author comes to the conclusion that the corpus of collected materials on topography, ethnography, political and cultural description of the Transkubanian region peoples could have formed a basis for a revision of the Imperial stand on the subjugation of tribal groups. Although this political alternative was missed, the materials collected by Turnau became a precious addition to the Caucasus studies source base.

scholarly journals The Relief on the Door of the Msho Arakelots Monastery (1134) as a Source for Studying Arms and Armour of Medieval Armenian Warriors

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 207-250
Author(s):  
Dmytro Dymydyuk
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Military History ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Military ◽  
Medieval Historiography

Byzantium’s arms and armours were researched by many historians. For that reason, the military history of the medieval Roman Empire enjoyed a dominant position in medieval historiography, with the consequence that very often the military history of small nations (under Roman influences) was written from the perspective of the Eastern Romans historians. The aim of the paper is to change this perspective and give the subject of the medieval Armenian military the attention it deserves. The idea is to perform an analysis of the relief on the Door of the Msho Arakelots monastery, where four equestrians and one infantryman are depicted, and to compare it with other Armenian, Byzantine and Muslim sources. In this relief, a spherical mace head and a sword with sleeve cross-guard are represented, suggesting many parallels with East-Roman archaeological and figurative sources. No less important is the depiction of the military trumpet because it is the first image of this object in Armenian art, which can be compared with pictures from the Madrid Skylitzes (13th c.). In addition, the only defensive weapon which is presented in this relief is a round shield with a floral ornament. There are many depictions of round shields in Armenian miniatures and reliefs from 10th–11th c. Moreover, this relief is one of the few where stirrups and the chape of a scabbard are shown. These elements represent an important piece of information because these pictures can be compared with actual archaeological East-Roman artefacts to reconstruct their real look. The conclusions are that the majority of Armenian weapons bear similarities to Byzantine ones but no less important are the Muslim influences, which have been found in some cases. Located between two civilizations (Byzantium and the Muslim Potentates), Armenians adopted the best solutions of their military technologies, creating their own culture. Moreover, thanks to this comparative analysis, further support will be given to the idea that medieval figurative sources are more or less accurate material for studying medieval military history.

scholarly journals The role of the steamship “Grand Duke Konstantin” in the liberation of Abkhazia and forced crossing of the Gagra Gorge by the Sochi detachment in August 1877

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-130
Author(s):  
Oleg Igorevich Khodorov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
The Subject ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Military

The object of this research is the military actions on the Caucasus-Asia Minor Theatre of the Russo-Turkish War in 1877. The subject is the participation of the steamship “Grand Duke Konstantin” under the command of Stepan Osipovich Makarov in the liberation of Abkhazia from Turkish occupation and aid to the Sochi detachment of Shelkovnikov Boris Martynovich in forced crossing the Gagra Gorge. The goal of this research lies in comprehensive examination of the actions of Makarov and his team during cruising at the east coast of the Black Sea, as well as in determination the role and importance of their participation in the military actions in the beginning of August 1877. The conclusion is made that successful actions of Makarov helped the Sochi detachment to avoid heavy losses in Gagra; and that damages inflicted on the Turkish warship “Asar-i Tevfik” during Makarov’s night attack suspended it from evacuation of the Turks from Sukhumi. The reconstruction of the results of torpedo attack and comparison of the tactical and technical characteristics of ships draw particular interest. The author concludes that the Turkish warship that attacked by Makarov at Gagra, was not “Asar-i Şevket”, as described in the pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern Russian historiography.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE STUDY OF THE PROBLEM OF PREVENTING CORRUPTION OFFENSES IN THE MILITARY ADMINISTRATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
V. Pryimak
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Structural Method ◽  
Military Command ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Military

The article contains the rationale for the thesis that the prevention of corruption is now one of the priorities in the activities of military command and control bodies. Obtaining objective, reliable and reliable conclusions, proposals and recommendations on this problem largely depends on the correct choice of methods of scientific research. Despite a large number of scientific studies related to the legal principles of combating corruption in all areas of public administration, the article identifies certain patterns of the methods of scientific knowledge used in them. The article proves that the methodology of scientific research of the legal aspects of preventing corruption offenses in military command and control bodies is a set of techniques and methods produced by legal and other sciences, the application of which allows a comprehensive study of the subject of research. An element of the system of research methodology for the prevention of corruption offenses is a method – a special way of carrying out scientific activities, allows you to obtain information and data on certain legal phenomena or processes. The article proves that the study of the legal aspects of preventing corruption offenses in the military command and control bodies requires the use of two groups of methods: general, which are used in all branches of scientific knowledge, and special, inherent exclusively in legal science. The general methods, the use of which would be advisable in the study of the phenomenon of corruption in the aspect of the problems we are considering, include the methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction borrowed from logic, the system-structural method produced in systems theory, the modeling method, and a number of others. These methods represent the methods of scientific knowledge of the phenomenon of preventing corruption, classic for modern legal research. Certain features of the subject of the study of expediency determine the use of synergetic, praxeological, axiological and other methods. The special methods of scientific knowledge of the laws of preventing corruption offenses in the military command and control bodies include historical-legal and comparative-legal methods, as well as formal dogmatic, technical-legal, legal-semantic and other methods inherent in legal sciences.

Judaism and War

2012 ◽  
pp. 284-296
Author(s):  
Hermann Adler
Keyword(s):  
English Literature ◽  
Military History ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Boer War ◽  
Modern Reader ◽  
The North ◽  
British Military ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military

This chapter analyses Hermann Adler's guest sermon on the Boer War. Three and a half weeks after the outbreak of hostilities, Adler chose to address the subject in a visit to the North London Synagogue in Islington. Assuming that the congregation had already been addressed by their own minister on the subject of the war, he nevertheless decided that it was necessary to make this the focus of his guest sermon, citing as a reason the military reversals of the previous Monday, which came to be known as ‘Mournful Monday’. Particularly striking to the modern reader is the preacher's total identification not only with the policies of the government but with the cause of empire. He invokes not only passages of English literature but also the glories of British military history in the recent past.

scholarly journals Mace in Bagratid Armenia according to written and figurative sources

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-51
Author(s):  
Dmytro Dymydyuk
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Military History ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Research Objects ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Military

The military history of the Bagratid era (late 9th– mid-11th centuries) has not been the object of historical research for a long time. Therefore many questions concerning the form and functions of the weapons of that time remains unresolved. However, the studies of the armament of neighboring countries (Byzantium, Caliphate, Georgia, etc.) were researched much better. Previousely historiographers considered the military history of such «small nations» as Armenia from the perspectives of Eastern Roman Empire and Muslim world warfare which were considered as primary research objects. This paper aims to change this perspective and give the subject of the medieval Armenian military history the attention it deserves. The aim of the research is to pay attention to the war mace – one of the earliest weapons in almost all cultures. The task is to reconstruct the types of maces which were used in Bagratid Armenia; to analyse their physical and battle characteristics; methods of use; manufacturing process; terminological issue (լախտ (lakht) and գուրզ (gurz) etc. Taking into consideration the lack of archaeological finds of medieval maces from the territory of Armenia, the author pays attention to the written and figurative sources, comparing them with Byzantine and Muslim written accounts, archaeological finds and figurative sources respectively. Special attention was drawn to Armenian miniatures from the 11th century: «Kiss of Judas» (fig. 1–4), «Jesus before Pilate» (fig. 21) and to the relief on the door of Msho Arakelots monastery (1134) (fig. 6), where various types of maces are depicted. Due to the comparative analysis, further support was given to the idea that medieval figurative sources are more or less accurate material for studying medieval military history.

THE EFFECT OF APPLYING DEMONSTRATION METHOD ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN SPEAKING SKILL AT THE THIRD GRADE OF SMK PAB 3 MEDAN ESTATE

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryanti Napitupulu And Anni Holila Pulungan
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Speaking Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was conducted as an attempt to discover the effect of applying Demonstration Method on students’ achievement in speaking skill. It was an experimental research. The subject was students of Grade XII, Vocational High School (Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan: SMK), which consisted of 79 students. The research was divided into two groups: experimental and control groups. The instrument used to collect the data was speaking test. To obtain the reliability of the test, the writer applied Kuder Richardson 21 formula. The result of the reliability was 0.7, and it was found that the test was reliable. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The analysis showed that the scores of the students in the experimental group were significantly higher than the scores of the students in the control group at the level of significant m = 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 77, t-observed value 8.9 > t-table value 1.99. The findings indicate that using Demonstration Method significantly affected the students’ achievement in speaking skill. So, English teachers are suggested to use Demonstration Method in order to improve students’ achievement in speaking skill.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document