Exposure to radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation shortens sleep duration and lengthens sleep latency and sleep inertia in humans living in proximity to the base transceiver stations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-481
Author(s):  
Priyanka Chandel ◽  
Margaret Messiah Singh ◽  
Atanu Kumar Pati ◽  
Arti Parganiha
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Control Zone ◽  
Sleep Inertia ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiations

Radio-frequency electromagnetic radiations (RF-EMRs) are ubiquitous at present. Therefore, it is essential to assess the impact of RF-EMRs on human health. In this study, we examined the non-thermal effects of RF-EMR expo-sure on behavioral sleep patterns in humans. A total of 1072 randomly se-lected individuals living in the proximity of base transceiver stations (BTS) participated in the study. The sample consisted of 122 subjects from zone A (Inter-tower region), 310 from zone B (0-150 m), 316 from zone C (150-300 m), 197 from zone D (300-500 m), and 127 from the control zone (without BTS installations). We classified the zones as a function of distance from the BTS. We measured electric-field strength at each participant’s house using Narda Broadband Field Meter-550 equipped with EF0-391 probe. We used Munich-Chronotype Questionnaire to determine each subject’s behavioral sleep patterns. ANOVA results revealed the highest E-field strength in zone-A than the other zones and control. Results from ANCOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests showed that the participants from zone A had shorter sleep duration, and longer sleep latency and inertia than those living in other zones. Further, a significant effect of co-factors ‘gender’ and ‘year of resi-dence’ was validated on mid-sleep (work and free days). Compared to wom-en and > 5-year residents, men and 1-5-year residents had delayed mid-sleep. We concluded that RF-EMR might alter the behavioral sleep patterns of subjects living in the vicinity of BTS. However, further confirmatory and extensive studies are necessary, involving a large sample living near many more BTS installations.

scholarly journals 0915 Sleep Patterns and the Effect of Late Bedtime on School-Age Children and Adolescents: Preliminary Results

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A348-A348
Author(s):  
P Matsangas ◽  
S Gratsia ◽  
A Cocos ◽  
H Vastardis ◽  
N L Shattuck
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Sleep Deficit ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction School-age children (6-13yrs) and teenagers (14-17yrs) should receive 9-11hrs and 8-10hrs of sleep/day, respectively. Several studies have shown, however, that these age groups are chronically sleep deprived. Our study assessed the sleep patterns of a sample of children and teenagers in Athens, Greece. The study is part of a larger project investigating the association between orthodontic treatment and sleep disturbances. Methods Participants (N=27; 69% females; 21 school-age children 9-13yrs, 6 teenagers 14-17yrs) were under treatment in the Orthodontic Clinic of the National and Kapodistrian University. Sleep was assessed with actigraphy/logs for 59±19 days. Results Participants slept on average 7.36±0.42hrs/day. Nighttime sleep was on average 7.23±0.43hrs (percentage sleep: 87.3%±3.38%). Four (14.8%) participants napped at least once/week. Compared to the lowest sleep duration recommended for their age group, participants showed a chronic sleep deficit of 1.42±0.52hrs/day (range: 0.32-2.15hrs). The younger age group had an average sleep deficit of ~1.6hrs compared to ~0.8hrs for the teenagers (p=0.006). During the school year, daily sleep duration increased by ~0.73hrs on weekends (7.78±0.67hrs) compared to school nights (7.05±0.48hrs; p<0.001). On average, school-age participants slept from 23:13 (±31min) until 7:19 (±22min) on school nights and from 23:23 (±2:72hrs) until 8:49 (±39min) on weekends. Teenagers slept from 00:34 (±36min) until 7:40 (±14min) on school nights and from 01:34 (±41min) until 10:34 (±48min) on weekends. Conclusion Our findings verify earlier survey results showing that restricted sleep is a problem for children and adolescents in Greece. To our surprise, both age groups go to bed quite late. The impact of late bedtime on sleep duration, however, is larger in the younger group due to their larger sleep needs. In contrast to earlier research in rural areas, napping was not common in our urban sample, probably due to extracurricular activities and studying at home. Support N/A

scholarly journals 242 Sufficient sleep attenuates the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on executive function decline in late adolescents and young adults

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A96-A98
Author(s):  
Xiaopeng Ji ◽  
Jennifer Saylor
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Executive function (EF), which shows continued development into early adulthood, is essential to build resilience to cope with COVID-19-related social and environmental changes. However, how sleep interacts with the pandemic on affecting EF remains unclear, particularly among late adolescents and young adults. This study examined (1) the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on sleep and EF and (2) whether sleep moderated pandemic-related changes in EF among young people aged 18-21 years old. Methods Between April and May 2020, university students with baseline data on sleep and EF (Spring and Fall semesters in 2019) available were invited to this follow-up study. Sleep duration, mid-sleep times, social jetlag (the difference between mid-sleep times on weekdays and weekends) and sleep latency were assessed using 7-day sleep diaries. Participants also completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Morningness/Eveningness Questionnaire, and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive function which yielded Global Executive Composite (GEC) scores. Paired t-test and multilevel random-effects models (STATA 16.0) estimated the associations. Covariates in multilevel models included age, sex, race, family income, parental education, COVID status, and health behaviors. Results Forty participants (19.25±1.12 years old) had paired data before and during COVID-19 pandemic. Participants slept 24 min longer (t= -2.07, p=0.03) but had increased sleep latency (t=-1.83, p=0.07) during the pandemic compared to pre-COVID baseline. Mid-sleep times shifted 40 min later (t= -3.22, p=0.003) during the pandemic. In multilevel models, GEC scores increased during pandemic (b=3.15, p=0.03) versus baseline, suggesting decreased executive function. Sleep duration (β=-4.72, p=0.03) significantly interacted with assessment time (before/during COVID-19), with increasing sleep duration attenuating the decline in EF during pandemic versus baseline. Although there was no interaction with COVID-19 pandemic, poor sleep quality (PSQI>5) was independently associated with decreased EF (B=4.69, p=0.02). Other sleep variables were not associated with EF nor moderators. Conclusion Compared with pre-COVID-19 baseline, young people report longer sleep duration, later sleep phase, increased sleep latency, and worse executive function during the pandemic. Sufficient sleep represents a resilience factor against executive function decline during this unprecedented crisis. Support (if any) No

scholarly journals The relationship between micronutrient status and sleep patterns: a systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaopeng Ji ◽  
Michael A Grandner ◽  
Jianghong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjectiveTo review articles on the relationship of dietary and circulating micronutrients with sleep patterns, and to identify issues surrounding implications for future research and public health practice.DesignA systematic review was conducted. PubMed, Embase and Scopus were searched through January 2016.SettingBoth experimental and observational studies were included. However, studies that focused on secondary sleep impairment due to comorbidities were excluded.SubjectsIndividuals in different age groups, from infants to older adults.ResultsA total of twenty-six articles were selected. In the articles reviewed, researchers generally supported a potential role of micronutrients, particularly Fe and Mg, in the development of sleep stages among infants and in reversing age-related alterations in sleep architecture in older adults. Micronutrient status has also been linked to sleep duration, with sleep duration positively associated with Fe, Zn and Mg levels, and negatively associated with Cu, K and vitamin B12 levels. The mechanisms underlying these relationships include the impact of micronutrients on excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmitters and the expression of circadian genes.ConclusionsAlthough the number of studies on the relationship between micronutrient status and sleep remains low, evidence has emerged that suggests a link between dietary/circulating micronutrients and sleep. Future research is needed to investigate the dose-dependent as well as the longitudinal relationships between micronutrient levels and human sleep across populations, test the interactions among micronutrients on sleep outcomes, and ultimately examine the clinical relevance of micronutrients on sleep health.

472 Sleep Quality in Pregnancy: An Analysis of Cardiopulmonary Coupling in the nuMoM2b Cohort

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A186-A186
Author(s):  
Francis Christian ◽  
Hugi Hilmisson ◽  
Solveig magnusdottir ◽  
Robert Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Coupling ◽  
Stability And Instability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Abstract Introduction The impact of pregnancy on sleep quality and sleep-breathing is of interest due to concerns of an impact on maternal, intra-uterine and neonatal health. The Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB) sub-study of the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study (NuMoM2b) provided a large cohort of single gestational women who underwent home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) to evaluate for SDB. To evaluate changes in sleep during pregnancy, we utilized publicly available data from http://www.sleepdata.org for cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) analysis to evaluate SDB, as well as sleep duration and quality. No outcomes data is currently available. Methods Standardized Level 3 HSAT was performed after visit 1 (V1), (6–15 weeks’ gestation) and visit 3 (V3), (22 -31 weeks’ gestation) on 3702 women from the NuMoM2b cohort. CPC-analysis was performed using clinically validated algorithms based on CPC-method using ECG and oxygen saturation data (SpO2) as the input signals. SleepImage Apnea Hypopnea Index (sAHI) was calculated to evaluate for SDB (FDA; 182618). Additional calculations to determine sleep latency, sleep duration, wake after sleep onset, and sleep quality (SQI) were performed. The SQI-metric incorporates measures of sleep stability and instability and is then presented on a scale of 0 – 100 where a higher number is desirable. Results 3,261 & 2,511 participants had data at visits 1 & 3, respectively. A total of 3,012 and 2,332 individuals had ECG data of sufficient quality. The mean age of the analyzed cohort was 27 years old. SDB events were overall low, but significantly increased across visits, sAHI [(1.6 ± 2.5)/hour (V1) vs (2.9 ± 4.1) (V3)], p< 0.001. There was a statistically significant increase in sleep latency [7.4 ± 12.7 (V1) vs 18.7 ± 27.8 (V3)], p< 0.001 and reduction in total sleep time [401.2 ± 85.6 (V1) vs 348.5 ± 79.3 (V3)], p< 0.001. Most notably, there was a >10% reduction in the SQI, indicative of increased unstable, fragmented sleep as pregnancy progressed [72.1 ± 13.8 (V1), 60.5 ± 16.2 (V3)], p < 0.001. Conclusion Using objective measures based on CPC analysis from HSAT derived signals, sleep disordered breathing, sleep duration and sleep quality are all adversely impacted as gestation progresses. Support (if any):

Suppressed, but Not Forgotten

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beat Meier ◽  
Anja König ◽  
Samuel Parak ◽  
Katharina Henke
Keyword(s):  
Memory Trace ◽  
Thought Suppression ◽  
Test Phase ◽  
Indirect Test ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cue Words ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of thought suppression over a 1-week interval. In two experiments with 80 university students each, we used the think/no-think paradigm in which participants initially learn a list of word pairs (cue-target associations). Then they were presented with some of the cue words again and should either respond with the target word or avoid thinking about it. In the final test phase, their memory for the initially learned cue-target pairs was tested. In Experiment 1, type of memory test was manipulated (i.e., direct vs. indirect). In Experiment 2, type of no-think instructions was manipulated (i.e., suppress vs. substitute). Overall, our results showed poorer memory for no-think and control items compared to think items across all experiments and conditions. Critically, however, more no-think than control items were remembered after the 1-week interval in the direct, but not in the indirect test (Experiment 1) and with thought suppression, but not thought substitution instructions (Experiment 2). We suggest that during thought suppression a brief reactivation of the learned association may lead to reconsolidation of the memory trace and hence to better retrieval of suppressed than control items in the long term.

Research Participation Experiences of Informants of Suicide and Control Cases

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. C. Wong ◽  
Wincy S. C. Chan ◽  
Philip S. L. Beh ◽  
Fiona W. S. Yau ◽  
Paul S. F. Yip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
The People ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Background: Ethical issues have been raised about using the psychological autopsy approach in the study of suicide. The impact on informants of control cases who participated in case-control psychological autopsy studies has not been investigated. Aims: (1) To investigate whether informants of suicide cases recruited by two approaches (coroners’ court and public mortuaries) respond differently to the initial contact by the research team. (2) To explore the reactions, reasons for participation, and comments of both the informants of suicide and control cases to psychological autopsy interviews. (3) To investigate the impact of the interviews on informants of suicide cases about a month after the interviews. Methods: A self-report questionnaire was used for the informants of both suicide and control cases. Telephone follow-up interviews were conducted with the informants of suicide cases. Results: The majority of the informants of suicide cases, regardless of the initial route of contact, as well as the control cases were positive about being approached to take part in the study. A minority of informants of suicide and control cases found the experience of talking about their family member to be more upsetting than expected. The telephone follow-up interviews showed that none of the informants of suicide cases reported being distressed by the psychological autopsy interviews. Limitations: The acceptance rate for our original psychological autopsy study was modest. Conclusions: The findings of this study are useful for future participants and researchers in measuring the potential benefits and risks of participating in similar sensitive research. Psychological autopsy interviews may be utilized as an active engagement approach to reach out to the people bereaved by suicide, especially in places where the postvention work is underdeveloped.

Using Work Domain Analysis to Evaluate the Impact of Digitization on Command and Control

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Jenkins ◽  
Neville A. Stanton ◽  
Paul M. Salmon ◽  
Guy H. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Command And Control ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Work Domain Analysis ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Work Domain

Experimental Study of the Impact of Alisma plantago-aquatica Secretions on Pathogenic Bacteria

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
O. Zhukorskyy ◽  
O. Hulay
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Popula Tions ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To estimate the impact of in vivo secretions of water plantain (Alisma plantago-aquatica) on the popula- tions of pathogenic bacteria Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Methods. The plants were isolated from their natural conditions, the roots were washed from the substrate residues and cultivated in laboratory conditions for 10 days to heal the damage. Then the water was changed; seven days later the selected samples were sterilized using fi lters with 0.2 μm pore diameter. The dilution of water plantain root diffusates in the experimental samples was 1:10–1:10,000. The initial density of E. rhusiopathiae bacteria populations was the same for both experimental and control samples. The estimation of the results was conducted 48 hours later. Results. When the dilution of root diffusates was 1:10, the density of erysipelothrixes in the experimental samples was 11.26 times higher than that of the control, on average, the dilution of 1:100 − 6.16 times higher, 1:1000 – 3.22 times higher, 1:10,000 – 1.81 times higher, respectively. Conclusions. The plants of A. plantago-aquatica species are capable of affecting the populations of E. rhusiopathiae pathogenic bacteria via the secretion of biologically active substances into the environment. The consequences of this interaction are positive for the abovementioned bacteria, which is demon- strated by the increase in the density of their populations in the experiment compared to the control. The intensity of the stimulating effect on the populations of E. rhusiopathiae in the root diffusates of A. plantago-aquatica is re- ciprocally dependent on the degree of their dilution. The investigated impact of water plantain on erysipelothrixes should be related to the topical type of biocenotic connections, the formation of which between the test species in the ecosystems might promote maintaining the potential of natural focus of rabies. Keywords: Alisma plantago-aquatica, in vivo secretions, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, population density, topical type of connections.

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