scholarly journals The relationship between micronutrient status and sleep patterns: a systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaopeng Ji ◽  
Michael A Grandner ◽  
Jianghong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjectiveTo review articles on the relationship of dietary and circulating micronutrients with sleep patterns, and to identify issues surrounding implications for future research and public health practice.DesignA systematic review was conducted. PubMed, Embase and Scopus were searched through January 2016.SettingBoth experimental and observational studies were included. However, studies that focused on secondary sleep impairment due to comorbidities were excluded.SubjectsIndividuals in different age groups, from infants to older adults.ResultsA total of twenty-six articles were selected. In the articles reviewed, researchers generally supported a potential role of micronutrients, particularly Fe and Mg, in the development of sleep stages among infants and in reversing age-related alterations in sleep architecture in older adults. Micronutrient status has also been linked to sleep duration, with sleep duration positively associated with Fe, Zn and Mg levels, and negatively associated with Cu, K and vitamin B12 levels. The mechanisms underlying these relationships include the impact of micronutrients on excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmitters and the expression of circadian genes.ConclusionsAlthough the number of studies on the relationship between micronutrient status and sleep remains low, evidence has emerged that suggests a link between dietary/circulating micronutrients and sleep. Future research is needed to investigate the dose-dependent as well as the longitudinal relationships between micronutrient levels and human sleep across populations, test the interactions among micronutrients on sleep outcomes, and ultimately examine the clinical relevance of micronutrients on sleep health.

scholarly journals Exploring Early Detection of Frailty Syndrome in Older Adults: Evaluation of Oxi-Immune Markers, Clinical Parameters and Modifiable Risk Factors

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1975
Author(s):  
Armanda Teixeira-Gomes ◽  
Blanca Laffon ◽  
Vanessa Valdiglesias ◽  
Johanna M. Gostner ◽  
Thomas Felder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Frailty Syndrome ◽  
Immune Markers ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules ◽  
The Relationship

Ageing is accompanied with a decline in several physiological systems. Frailty is an age-related syndrome correlated to the loss of homeostasis and increased vulnerability to stressors, which is associated with increase in the risk of disability, comorbidity, hospitalisation, and death in older adults. The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between frailty syndrome, immune activation, and oxidative stress. Serum concentrations of vitamins A and E were also evaluated, as well as inflammatory biomarkers (CRP and IL-6) and oxidative DNA levels. A group of Portuguese older adults (≥65 years old) was engaged in this study and classified according to Fried’s frailty phenotype. Significant increases in the inflammatory mediators (CRP and IL-6), neopterin levels, kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (Kyn/Trp), and phenylalanine to tyrosine ratio (Phe/Tyr), and significant decreases in Trp and Tyr concentrations were observed in the presence of frailty. IL-6, neopterin, and Kyn/Trp showed potential as predictable biomarkers of frailty syndrome. Several clinical parameters such as nutrition, dependency scales, and polypharmacy were related to frailty and, consequently, may influence the associations observed. Results obtained show a progressive immune activation and production of pro-inflammatory molecules in the presence of frailty, agreeing with the inflammageing model. Future research should include different dimensions of frailty, including psychological, social, biological, and environmental factors.

scholarly journals Effect of Sleep Quality on the Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobo Á. Rubio-Arias ◽  
Raquel Rodríguez-Fernández ◽  
Luis Andreu ◽  
Luis M. Martínez-Aranda ◽  
Alejandro Martínez-Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Related Condition ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Inadequate Sleep

Sarcopenia is an age-related condition. However, the prevalence of sarcopenia may increase due to a range of other factors, such as sleep quality/duration. Therefore, the aim of the study is to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults based on their self-reported sleep duration. Methods: Three electronic databases were used—PubMed-Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. We included studies that measured the prevalence of sarcopenia, divided according to sleep quality and excluded studies (a) involving populations with neuromuscular pathologies, (b) not showing prevalence values (cases/control) on sarcopenia, and (c) not including classificatory models to determine sleep quality. Results: high prevalence values in older adults with both long and short sleep duration were shown. However, prevalence values were higher in those with inadequate sleep (<6–8 h or low efficiency) (OR 0.76; 95% CI (0.70–0.83); Q = 1.446; p = 0.695; test for overall effect, Z = 6.01, p < 0.00001). Likewise, higher prevalence levels were shown in men (OR 1.61; 95% CI (0.82–3.16); Q = 11.80; p = 0.0189) compared to women (OR 0.77; 95% CI (0.29–2.03); Q = 21.35; p = 0.0003). Therefore, the prevalence of sarcopenia appears to be associated with sleep quality, with higher prevalence values in older adults who have inadequate sleep.

scholarly journals A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN TRUST

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S477-S477
Author(s):  
Phoebe E Bailey ◽  
Tarren Leon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Effect Of Age

Abstract This systematic review and meta-analysis quantifies the magnitude and breadth of age-related differences in trust. Thirty-eight independent data sets met criteria for inclusion. Overall, there was a moderate effect of age group on trust (g = 0.22), whereby older adults were more trusting than young adults. Three additional meta-analyses assessed age-related differences in trust in response to varying degrees of trustworthiness. This revealed that older adults were more trusting than young adults in response to neutral (g = 0.31) and negative (g = 0.33), but not positive (g = 0.15), indicators of trustworthiness. The effect of age group on trust in response to positive and neutral cues was moderated by type of trust (financial vs. non-financial) and type of responding (self-report vs. behavioral). Older adults were more trusting than young adults in response to positive and neutral indicators of trustworthiness when trust was expressed non-financially, but not financially. There was also an age-related increase in self-reported, but not behavioral, trust in response to neutral cues. Older adults were more trusting than young adults in response to negative indicators of trustworthiness regardless of the type of trust or type of responding. The reliability of information about trustworthiness (superficial vs. genuine cues) did not moderate any effects of age on trust. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Caloric Restriction May Help Delay the Onset of Frailty and Support Frailty Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Liu ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
Lina Ma
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Frailty is an age-related clinical syndrome that may increase the risk of falls, disability, hospitalization, and death in older adults. Delaying the progression of frailty helps improve the quality of life in older adults. Caloric restriction (CR) may extend lifespan and reduce the risk of age-related diseases. However, few studies have explored the relationship between CR and frailty. In this review, we focused on the impact of CR on frailty and aimed to identify potential associated mechanisms. Although CR may help prevent frailty, further studies are required to determine the underlying mechanisms and specific CR regimens suitable for use in humans.

scholarly journals Cognitive complaints in age-related chronic conditions: A systematic review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253795
Author(s):  
Nikki L. Hill ◽  
Sakshi Bhargava ◽  
Monique J. Brown ◽  
Hyejin Kim ◽  
Iris Bhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Complaints ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Review Team

Introduction Cognitive complaints in older adults may be indicative of progressive cognitive decline including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but also occur in other age-related chronic conditions, complicating identification of early AD symptoms. To better understand cognitive complaints in aging, we systematically reviewed the evidence to determine their prevalence and characterization among older adults with the most common age-related chronic conditions. Methods This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement and the review protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020153147). Searches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I in June 2020. Two members of the review team independently determined article eligibility for inclusion and conducted quality appraisal. A narrative synthesis of results was used to integrate findings across studies and draw conclusions regarding the strength of the evidence in each chronic condition category. Results Thirty-seven articles met eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Conditions represented were diabetes (n = 20), heart disease (n = 13), hypertension (n = 10), chronic lung disease (n = 5), arthritis (n = 4), heart failure (n = 2), and hyperlipidemia (n = 2). In addition, 16 studies included a measure of multimorbidity. Overall, there was a higher prevalence of cognitive complaints in individuals with higher multimorbidity, including a potential dose-dependent relationship. Findings for specific conditions were inconsistent, but there is evidence to suggest that cross-sectionally, older adults with diabetes, heart disease, chronic lung disease, and arthritis have more cognitive complaints than those without these conditions. Conclusion There is strong evidence demonstrating that cognitive complaints are more common in older adults with higher multimorbidity, but little research examining these associations over time. Improving our understanding of the longitudinal trajectory of cognitive complaints, multimorbidity, and objective cognition in older age is an important area for future research.

scholarly journals Exploring the Impact of Age-Related COVID-19 Messaging on Internalized Ageism in Older Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 945-945
Author(s):  
Ruheena Sangrar ◽  
Stephanie Chesser ◽  
Michelle Porter
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older People ◽  
Social Constructionism ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Public health messages during the COVID-19 pandemic have indicated a higher risk for older people and/or those who have multiple health conditions. Subsequent societal discourse, however, has at times arguably protested the full protection and treatment of older people from COVID-19, potentially contributing to internalized ageism. To date, how older people interpret age-related pandemic messaging and discourse has not been explored. This study examined older adults’ perspectives of age-related COVID-19 messaging and societal discourse, as well as their perceptions of vulnerability, using a social constructionism framework. Adults age 65 to 89 years participated in semi-structured interviews about their thoughts and experiences with ongoing pandemic-related public messaging. Preliminary analysis suggests that participant perspectives of COVID-19 messaging are situated along a continuum of concern associated with contracting the virus. While some, for example, describe minimal concern, others express being fearful. Individual perceptions of safety appear to be informed, in part, by the presence or absence of an underlying health condition. Individual approaches to media criticism and consumption, personal risk-taking thresholds, financial stability, and social connectedness also appear to influence how the participants perceive pandemic-related messaging. Findings suggest the framing of COVID-19 and pandemic protocols, as well as the media’s sensationalization of age-related issues, can impact older peoples’ perceived vulnerability of contracting the virus. Future research is needed to understand the long-term implications of ongoing pandemic-related messaging on older adults’ experiences of aging, as well as the consequences such messaging could pose to for their health and social behaviors.

Marriage after the transition to stroke: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 2241-2279 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHARON ANDERSON ◽  
NORAH KEATING
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Stroke Survivor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Relationship Closeness ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTIn health and chronic illness, satisfying marriages promote wellbeing and life satisfaction, yet stroke research has focused on either the stroke survivor as the patient or the spouse as a care-giver. Using Pope, Mays and Popay's framework for synthesising qualitative and quantitative methods, we conducted a systematic review and synthesis of 39 peer-reviewed studies to determine what happens to marital relationships after one partner has suffered a stroke. All the articles examined the impact of stroke. Three overarching themes characterise the evolution of marriage after stroke: chaos in the marriage, work to re-establish the marriage and evolution of the marriages. While both the stroke condition itself and the survivors’ need for care undermined the emotional qualities of the relationship for some couples, about two-thirds were able to retain or regain the relationship closeness. As in other chronic illnesses, the relationship closeness and a couple's ability to collaborate contributed to the survivor's recovery and to the satisfaction with life of the stroke survivor and the spouse. Our results underscore the need to consider the quality of, and the qualities of, the relationship between stroke survivors and their spouses. Future research could include a greater focus on qualitative or mixed-methods approaches to explore the interactions between stroke survivors and spouses that impact the wellbeing of both partners.

14 A Systematic Review of the Prevalence and Implications of Frailty in Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i1-i6
Author(s):  
P Hanlon ◽  
I Faure ◽  
N Corcoran ◽  
E Butterly ◽  
J Lewsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Frailty, an age-related state of vulnerability to adverse health outcomes, is an important factor in the management of diabetes. This systematic review aims to summarise the observational data on prevalence of frailty in diabetes and the association between frailty and generic (e.g. mortality) and diabetes specific (e.g. hypoglycaemia) outcomes. Methods We searched three electronic databases for observational studies assessing frailty in adults (≥18 years) with diabetes (type 1, type 2, or unspecified). Eligible studies quantified the prevalence or incidence of frailty or the association between frailty and clinical outcomes in the context of diabetes. Results 118 studies included, using 18 different frailty measures. Frailty phenotype was the most used (n = 69) followed by frailty index (n = 16) and the FRAIL scale (n = 10). Studies were highly heterogenous in terms of setting (88 community, 18 outpatient, 10 inpatient, 2 residential care), population demographics, and inclusion criteria. The median frailty prevalence in community-based studies using the frailty phenotype was 13% (interquartile range 7-18%). Frailty was identified in “middle-aged” (&lt;65 years) as well as older people with diabetes. Diabetes was consistently associated with incident frailty. Frailty was associated with higher mortality, hospital admission, incident disability. Frailty was associated with hypoglycemic events in 1/1 study. Frailty was also associated cross-sectionally with micro- and macro-vascular complications, lower quality of life, and cognitive impairment. Frailty was not associated with difference in mean HbA1c, however people with frailty were more likely to have high (&gt;9%) or low (&lt;6.5%) HbA1c. Conclusions Frailty in diabetes is common but inconsistently measured. Frailty is associated with a range of adverse outcomes. Research gaps include the relationship between frailty and glycaemia (particularly hypoglycaemia and the relationship between HbA1c and outcomes in the context of frailty), and the impact of frailty in specific groups such as middle-aged people and in low and low-middle income countries.

scholarly journals Frailty in people with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of observational studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Peter Hanlon ◽  
Holly Morrison ◽  
Fraser Morton ◽  
Bhautesh D Jani ◽  
Stefan Siebert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Frailty, an age-related decline in physiological reserve, is an increasingly important concept in the management of chronic diseases. The implications of frailty in people with rheumatoid arthritis are not well understood. We undertook a systematic review to assess the prevalence of frailty in people with rheumatoid arthritis, and the relationship between frailty and clinical outcomes. Methods: We searched three electronic databases (January 2001 to April 2021) for observational studies assessing the prevalence of frailty in adults (≥18 years) with rheumatoid arthritis, or analysing the relationship between frailty and clinical outcomes in the context of rheumatoid arthritis. Titles, abstracts and full texts were assessed independently by two reviewers. Study quality was assessed using an adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: We identified 17 analyses, from 14 different sample populations. 15/17 were cross-sectional. These studies used 11 different measures of frailty. Frailty prevalence ranged from 10% (frailty phenotype) to 36% (comprehensive rheumatologic assessment of frailty) in general adult populations with rheumatoid arthritis. In younger populations (<60 or <65 years) prevalence ranged from 2.4% (frailty phenotype) to 19.9% (Kihon checklist) while in older populations (>60 or >65) prevalence ranged from 31.2% (Kihon checklist) to 55% (Geriatric 8 tool). Frailty was associated with higher disease activity (10/10 studies), lower physical function (7/7 studies), longer disease duration (2/5 studies), hospitalization (1/1 study) and osteoporotic fractures (1/1 study). Conclusion: Our review found that frailty is common in adults with rheumatoid arthritis, including those aged <65 years, and is associated with a range of adverse features. However, these is substantial heterogeneity in how frailty is measured in rheumatoid arthritis. We found a lack of longitudinal studies making the impact of frailty on clinical outcomes over time and the extent to which frailty is caused by rheumatoid arthritis unclear.

Diversity, Severe Disability, and Family: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Shurr ◽  
Aleksandra Hollingshead
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Severe Disabilities ◽  
Severe Disability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Understanding family challenges and perspectives are critical to effective programming and services for individuals with severe disabilities. Equally central, yet often overlooked, is the relationship between family challenges and diversity. This systematic review examined a set of peer reviewed literature published between 2002-2015 at the intersection of diversity, severe disability, and family for the purpose of identifying the foci, subjects, and research methods of such studies. Results indicated a bias toward studies on the impact of disability on the family, as well as disability beliefs and behaviors. In addition, a majority of articles reported mothers as the primary source of data and surveys as the primary method of data collection. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are explored.

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