scholarly journals COMPLEX EVALUATION OF THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE COUNTRIES OF EASTERN AND CENTRAL EUROPE

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romualdas Ginevičius ◽  
Valentinas Podvezko
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Multiple Criteria Decision Making ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Weighted Sum ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Complex Evaluation ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Impact

"New economy” is a specific economic phenomenon emerging when two processes including globalization and technological revolution are taking place simultaneously. A question arises what economic and institutional conditions in the states under transition would allow them to take the best advantage of the potential of “new economy”. These conditions determine if a particular state is capable of accelerating its pace of long‐term economic development and approaching the level achieved by highly‐developed countries. In this context, the problem of evaluating the readiness of the states under transition to take advantage of “new economy” acquires great theoretical and practical value. To measure the above parameter, a so‐called indicator of new economy (NEI) based on ten variables characterizing the development and effective use of “new economy” has been recently offered. The INE indicator is a weighted sum of all ten variables for each state. It may also be calculated as a non‐weighted sum of all the related criteria. It may be assumed (based on the expertise) that the impact of any particular variable (criterion) on the general indicator of “new economy” varies to some extent, therefore, multiple criteria decision‐making methods should be used for complex evaluation of NEI

scholarly journals Anti-meningococcal B vaccination in Italian adolescents: a cost-effective health opportunity

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Panatto ◽  
P Landa ◽  
D Amicizia ◽  
P L Lai ◽  
E Lecini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dose Schedule ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
International Setting ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Invasive disease due to Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) is a serious public health problem even in developed countries, owing to its high lethality rate (8-15%) and the invalidating sequelae suffered by many (up to 60%) survivors. As the microorganism is transmitted via the airborne route, the only available weapon in the fight against Nm invasive disease is vaccination. Our aim was to carry out an HTA to evaluate the costs and benefits of anti-meningococcal B (MenB) vaccination with Trumenba® in adolescents in Italy, while also considering the impact of this new vaccination strategy on organizational and ethics aspects. Methods A lifetime Markov model was developed. MenB vaccination with the two-dose schedule of Trumenba® in adolescents was compared with 'non-vaccination'. Two perspectives were considered: the National Health Service (NHS) and society. Three disease phases were defined: acute, post-acute and long-term. Epidemiological, economic and health utilities data were taken from Italian and international literature. The analysis was conducted by means of Microsoft Excel 2010®. Results Our study indicated that vaccinating adolescents (11th year of life) with Trumenba® was cost-effective with an ICER = € 7,912/QALY from the NHS perspective and € 7,758/QALY from the perspective of society. Vaccinating adolescents reduces the number of cases of disease due to meningococcus B in one of the periods of highest incidence of the disease, resulting in significant economic and health savings. Conclusions This is the first study to evaluate the overall impact of free MenB vaccination in adolescents both in Italy and in the international setting. Although cases of invasive disease due to meningococcus B are few, if the overall impact of the disease is adequately considered, it becomes clear that including anti-meningococcal B vaccination into the immunization program for adolescents is strongly recommended from the health and economic standpoints. Key messages Free, large-scale MenB vaccination is key to strengthening the global fight against invasive meningococcal disease. Anti-meningococcal B vaccination in adolescents is a cost-effective health opportunity.

IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF USING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BANKING SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Ra’no Parpieva ◽  
◽  
Nafisa Norboyeva ◽  
Adiba Turayeva
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Impact

This article will serve to select the system required for the effective use of information and communication technologies in the banking system and the impact of national payment systems in the banking sector on modern society, the effective use of new modern information technologies in the system.Study of foreign experience to select information and communication technologies that should be used in modern banks with information and communication technologies in the banking system, which have been used before.

scholarly journals Changes in historical typhoid transmission across 16 U.S. cities, 1889-1931: Quantifying the impact of investments in water and sewer infrastructures

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maile T. Phillips ◽  
Katharine A. Owers ◽  
Bryan T. Grenfell ◽  
Virginia E. Pitzer
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Sanitation Systems ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTBackgroundInvestments in water and sanitation systems are believed to have led to the decline in typhoid fever in developed countries, such that most cases now occur in regions lacking adequate clean water and sanitation. Exploring seasonal and long-term patterns in historical typhoid mortality in the United States can offer deeper understanding of disease drivers.MethodsWe fit modified Time-series Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered models to city-level weekly mortality counts to estimate seasonal and long-term typhoid transmission. We examined seasonal transmission separately by city and aggregated by water source. We fit regression models to measure associations between long-term transmission and financial investments in water and sewer systems.ResultsTyphoid transmission peaked in late summer/early fall. Seasonality varied by water source, with the greatest variation occurring in cities with reservoirs. Historical $1 per capita ($25.80 in 2017) investments in construction and operation of water and sewer systems were associated with 8-53% decreases in typhoid transmission, while $1 increases in total value or debt accrued to maintain them were associated with 4-7% decreases.ConclusionOur findings aid in the understanding of typhoid transmission dynamics and potential impacts of water and sanitation improvements, and can inform cost-effectiveness analyses of interventions to reduce the typhoid burden.

USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Jamshid Kiryigitov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Positive Results

In this article shown the activities and experience of commercial banks of developed countries are studied and prospects of using information technologies in the development of innovative activities in the system of our national commercial banks. At the same time, opinions were expressedabout the possibility of achieving positive results using digital technologies on the basis of developmentof innovative activities of banks of Uzbekistan. Proceeding from this urgent task, the article developed proposals and conclusions on the coverage of the importance of innovative development of banking activities, theoretical views of our homeland and foreign scientists on this and the analysis of the current situation on innovative development of the banking system, as well as on the wide use of information technologies in the innovative development of banks. The opportunities are highlighted for innovative development of the banking system with the effective use of digital technologies

scholarly journals Export Earnings, Capital Instability and Economic Growth in South Asia

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-89
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aslam Chaudhary ◽  
Amjad Naveed
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Export Diversification ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

During the last two decades the role of international trade and flow of foreign capital have received considerable attention in the literature. Various studies have examined the impact of export instability and capital instability on economic growth in less developed countries.1 Empirical evidence supports the hypothesis of a deleterious impact of export instability on economic growth. However, some studies also indicated that the relationship was unstable but positive with economic growth.2 Yet there are no systematic empirical investigations into the implied links between export diversification and long-term economic growth, particularly in the case of South Asian countries. The major concern regarding export instability is that it retards economic growth.

scholarly journals Risks and threats to economic security in the digital economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 01028
Author(s):  
Irina Kirishchieva ◽  
Mikhail Skorev ◽  
Oksana Mishchenko ◽  
Tatiana Grafova
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Destabilizing Factors ◽  
Digital Development ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Productivity And Competitiveness

The economic security of the company is the state of protection of the vital interests of the enterprise from the impact of internal and external destabilizing factors and threats, the emerging management and collective enterprise through the effective use of its resources, as well as the implementation of measures of economic, legal, organizational, technical, technological and social nature. -psychic directed and stable functioning of the enterprise both in the current and in the long term. Digitalization is bringing changes to the country’s economy. The volume of services, the use of labor, investment in physical and human capital, technologies and their diffusion, the use of trade services, including financial, legal, managerial, informational and consulting, and is reflected in production efficiency, labor productivity and competitiveness, culture, lifestyle and system of values. The presented risks and threats to the security of an enterprise in a digital economy emphasize the need to improve the electronic security system. At the same time, the features of the process of ensuring electronic safety in the context of digital development lie in the development and use of tools for identifying and assessing risks, indicators and indicators of the level of economic security, providing subsystems, including information, technological, personnel, investment, regulatory and legal components.

The impact of food aid on world malnutrition

1981 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
James N. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Food Aid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

Does food aid enhance or diminish the nutritional status of recipient populations in less developed countries? In proposing that the long-term impact is negative, critics have argued that aid depresses local food production, is maldistributed and mismanaged such that it does not reach the needy in sufficient quantities, or, where effective, that aid merely reduces the death rate relative to the birth rate, permitting more people to survive at the margin of existence. This study explores the long-term impact of U.S. Public Law 480 food aid through a crossnational analysis of aggregate data on aid receipts and change in nutritional status over the period from 1962 through 1974. Alternative hypotheses are tested through least squares methods and.mean difference tests in the framework of a nonequivalent control group, quasi-experimental design. This study supports the following generalizations: food aid is significantly related with improved nutritional status; the greater the aid, the greater the improvement in nutrition; higher aid recipients do not have significantly lower rates of growth in domestic food production; higher aid recipients do not have higher rates of population growth; and food aid may lead to greater meat consumption among higher aid recipients. Negative effects, experienced in some countries at some times, are not systematically incurred by all food aid recipients over time. In general, food aid does improve nutrition.

A survey of public scientific literacy in China

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongliang Zhang ◽  
Jiansheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literacy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Basic Component ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Scientific Terms ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chinese Public

There is growing recognition in developed countries that public scientific literacy is a basic component of long-term social and economic growth. In recent years, surveys of public scientific literacy have been conducted in the USA, the UK and elsewhere, and various efforts are being made to improve the level of public scientific literacy. The first survey of Chinese public scientific literacy was conducted in September 1990. This paper reports a portion of the statistical results of that survey. It reveals the Chinese public's level of understanding of scientific terms and methods, scientific conclusions, and attitudes towards the impact of science and technology on society. Comparisons are also made with survey data from the USA and the UK.

scholarly journals Does debt predict growth? An empirical analysis of the relationship between total debt and economic output

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem Vanlaer ◽  
Wim Marneffe ◽  
Lode Vereeck ◽  
Johan Vanovertveldt
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Debt Accumulation ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Total Level ◽  
Private Credit ◽  
The Impact

Although the recent global financial crisis has stimulated a vast amount of research on the impact of public debt on economic growth and also increasingly on the role of private credit, the total levels of indebtedness of an economy have largely been ignored. This paper studies the impact of the total level of and increases in debt-to-GDP on economic growth for 26 developed countries in the short, medium and longer term. We analyse whether we can predict the future level of growth, simply by looking at the total level of debt, or increases in that debt level. We find that there is a negative correlation between high levels of debt and short term economic growth, but that this effect tapers in the medium and long term. Similarly, we find that rapid debt accumulation is negatively related to economic growth over the short term, the impact is less pronounced over the medium term and is non-existent over the long term.

scholarly journals Strategic Focuses for Sustainable Economic Development in the Context of Ukraine’s Commercial Opportunities on Global Market

2021 ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
O. Khandii ◽  
◽  
M. Kramchaninova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Diversification Strategy ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Market Promotion ◽  
The Impact

The article studies the impact of global foreign economic environment’s changes contextual to Ukraine’s strategic development opportunities in a field of world commerce. Discourse exhibits the description of factors, influencing the international commercial and industrial foundation, as well as benefiting the opportunities’ optimization for Ukraine in terms of structural remodeling of the country’s economy. Drawing upon existing capabilities regarding Ukraine’s economic potency, authors define strategic benchmarks for achieving certain sustainable development in relation to external commercial opportunities, by harmonization of the regional and external development strategies. Correspondence between Ukraine’s needs in attracting investment, as well as technological innovation necessary for growth of the industrial segment, and economic needs of the developed countries to have a strategically important partner in a context of safe trouble-free capital deployment and use of comparative advantages in a field of commerce – provides a stimulate for establishing a long-term partnership and for engagement of Ukrainian manufacturers in participation in global value chains. The government’s task is to direct efforts towards supporting the interest of the leading members of the international market in Ukraine’s technological and industrial potential. Considering the conceptual problems of this country’s development, the implementation of a development strategy was proposed, targeting at simultaneous strengthening of the export power and development of a stable, diversified domestic market. Promotion of the economy’s diversification strategy and of the highly technological branches’ development, with the help of innovations will create a market, that easily supplies partners for the purpose of organizing efficient value chains. That will also contribute to strengthening of interregional business communications by means of intensification of regional and industry-specific involvement and expansion of cross-sectoral cooperation.

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