ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION ALBEDO OF NATURAL SURFACES/NATŪRALIŲ PAVIRŠIŲ ULTRAVIOLETINĖS SPINDULIUOTĖS ALBEDAS/АЛЬБЕДО УЛЬТРАФИОЛЕТОВОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ НАТУРАЛЬНЫХ ПОВЕРХНОСТЕЙ

Author(s):  
Renata Chadyšienė ◽  
Aloyzas Girgždys

This article presents measurement results of intensity of solar UVA and UVB radiation, as well as UV radiation albedo from various surfaces. The intensity of albedo was measured from natural surfaces, such as: sand, grass, water, and snow. The paper also presents measurements of solar emitted UVA and UVB radiation intensity in the shadow. Ultraviolet radiation intensity and surface albedo was measured using a handy UVA radiation radiometer UVA ‐ 365HA, with spectral response of 320–390 nm and a handy UVB radiation radiometer PMA2201, with spectral response of 280–320 nm. The results of measurements show that snow has the maximum albedo ‐ from 50 to 60 per cent, sand ‐ 10 per cent, and the minimum albedo is for grass ‐ 2 or 3 per cent. The data of experimental measurements of UVA and UVB radiation in the shadow show that maximum reduction of intensity of UVA radiation up to 80%, was at 1 p.m. in comparison with reduction of intensity of UVB radiation to 70% at 2 p.m. Santrauka Pateikti saules skleidžiamos UVA ir UVB spinduliuotes intensyvumo ir ivairiu paviršiu UV spinduliuotes albedo matavimu rezultatai. Matuotas ivairiu natūraliu paviršiu albedas: smelio, žoles, vandens, sniego. Ultravioletines spinduliuotes intensyvumas ir ivairiu paviršiu albedas matuotas nešiojamaisiais radiometrais: UVA spinduliuotes ‐ UVA‐365 HA, kurio daviklis registruoja UV spinduliuote nuo 320 iki 400 nm, ir UVB spinduliuotes‐PMA2201, kurio daviklis registruoja UV spinduliuote nuo 280 iki 320 nm. Atlikus eksperimentus nustatyta, kad iš natūraliu paviršiu didžiausias albedas yra sniego ‐ apie 80–90 %, smelio ‐ 10 %, mažiausias ‐ žoles, apie 2–3 %. Atlikta saules skleidžiamos UVA, UVB spinduliuotes intensyvumo ir šalia esančiu paviršiu albedo ryšio analize. Didžiausi koreliacijos koeficientai gauti: tarp UVA spinduliuotes intensyvumo ir smelio albedo (‐0,93), tarp UVA spinduliuotes intensyvumo ir žoles albedo (0,93), tarp UVB spinduliuotes intensyvumo ir smelio albedo (‐0,89). Atlikus UVA ir UVB spinduliuotes intensyvumo matavimus šešelyje, nustatyta, kad labiausiai UVA spinduliuote sumažeja apie 13 vai. (80 %), o UVB ‐ apie 14 vai. (70 %). Резюме Представлены результаты измерения интенсивности УФА и УФБ солнечного излучения, а также УФ альбедо различных поверхностей. Измерялись альбедо натуральных материалов: песка, травы, воды, снега. Интенсивность ультрафиолетового излучения и альбедо различных поверхностей измерялись переносными радиометрами: УФА излучение – УФА–365 HA, датчик которого регистрирует УФ излучение в пределах 320–400 нм, и УФБ излучение – РМА2201, датчик которого регистрирует УФ излучение в пределах 280–320 нм. Результаты экспериментов показали, что наибольшее альбедо у натуральных веществ: около 80–90 % – у снега, 10 % – у песка, наименьшее (около 2–3 %) – у травы. Проведен анализ связи между солнечной интенсивностью УФА излучения, УФБ излучения и альбедо находящихся рядом друг с другом поверхностей. Наибольшие коэффициенты корреляции получены между интенсивностью УФА излучения и альбедо песка (–0,93), между интенсивностью УФА излучения и альбедо травы (0,93), между интенсивностью УФБ излучения и альбедо песка (–0,89). После проведения измерений интенсивности УФА и УФБ излучений в тени установлено, что больше всего УФА излучение уменьшается около 13 ч (80 %), а УФБ – около 14 ч (70 %).

Author(s):  
Renata Chadyšienė ◽  
Aloyzas Girgždys

The paper presents the assessment of ultraviolet radiation from technical sources. It has been determined that the intensity of UVA radiation is about 10 times higher than the intensity of radiation of UVB. It has been investigated that the intensity of UV radiation during the welding process nonlinearly depends on the strength of the current, namely, if the strength of the current is reduced by 60%, the intensity of UV radiation is reduced by 20%, it also depends on the distance from the source, namely, if the distance is increased 10 times, the intensity of UV radiation is reduced about 25 times. The dose of UVA and UVB radiation from various resources is calculated. Comparison with the minimum erythema dose is submitted. It has been obtained that when the strength of the current is 315 A, the UV radiation dose exceeds 1 MED, namely, UVA ∼ 3000, UVB ∼300 times. After having carried out the experiment it has been found that the UV radiation emitted from a welder comprises about 80% of UVA, and about 20% of UVB. The results of investigation made in a solarium show that UV radiation from lamps comprises 98% of UVA radiation and 2% – of UVB radiation, while in the Sun rays reaching the Earth UV radiation comprises 96% of UVA and 4% of UVB. Santrauka Darbe radiometriniais metodais nustatyti ir įvertinti dirbtinių šaltinių skleidžiamos ultravioletinės alfa ir beta spinduliuotės (UVA ir UVB) intensyvumo pokyčiai ir apskaičiuota įvairių šaltinių sukuriama UVA ir UVB spinduliuotės dozė. Nustatyta, kad suvirinimo proceso metu skleidžiamos UV spinduliuotės intensyvumas priklauso nuo šaltinio intensyvumo (sumažinus šaltinio intensyvumą apie 60 %, UV spinduliuotės intensyvumas sumažėja apie 20 %) bei nuo atstumo nuo šaltinio (padidinus atstumą 10 kartų UV spinduliuotės intensyvumas sumažėja apie 25 kartus). Įvairių šaltinių sukuriama UVA ir UVB spinduliuotės dozė palyginama su minimalia eritemine doze. Gauta, kad suvirinimo metu, esant 315 A elektros srovės stipriui, UVA spinduliuotės dozė 1 MED viršija apie 3000, UVB ~ 300 kartų. Nustatyta, kad apie 80 % iš suvirinimo aparato skleidžiamos UV spinduliuotės yra UVA, o apie 20 % – UVB. 98 % soliariumo lempų skleidžiamos UV spinduliuotės yra UVA ir 2 % – UVB, gi iš Žemę pasiekiančios Saulės UV spinduliuotės 96 % yra UVA ir 4 % UVB. Резюме Радиометрическими методами определены изменения УФА- и УФБ-излучений некоторых техногенных источников, а также рассчитана доза УФА- и УФБ-излучений этих источников. Установлено, что в среднем интенсивность УФА-излучения в 10 раз сильнее интенсивности УФБ-излучения. Установлено также, что в процессе сварки интенсивность испускаемого УФ-излучения зависит от интенсивности источника: при снижении интенсивности источника на 60% интенсивность УФ-излучения снижается приблизительно на 20%; при увеличении расстояния от места сварки в 10 раз интенсивность УФ-излучения снижается приблизительно в 25 раз. Рассчитана доза УФАи УФБ-излучений, создаваемая различными техногенными источниками. Представлено ее сравнение с минимальной эритемной дозой. Получено, что во время сварки при силе электрического тока 315 А доза УФА-излучения превышает 1 МЭД в 3000 раз, а УФБ-излучения – в 300 раз. Экспериментальными исследованиями получено, что испускаемое при сварке УФ излучение на 80% состоит из УФА-излучения и на 20% – из УФБ-излучения. В соляриуме, где был проведен эксперимент, УФ-излучение ламп состоит на 98% из УФА лучей и на 2% из УФБ лучей. Для сравнения: околоземное УФ-излучение Солнца в Литве состоит в среднем на 96% из УФА лучей и на 4% из УФБ лучей.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alesandra R. Nunes ◽  
Ícaro G. P. Vieira ◽  
Dinalva B. Queiroz ◽  
Antonio Linkoln Alves Borges Leal ◽  
Selene Maia Morais ◽  
...  

Many pathological problems are initiated by ultraviolet radiation (UVR), such as skin cancer, the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. The UVA (320–400 nm) and UVB (290–320 nm) wavelengths may cause effects such as photoaging, DNA damage, and a series of cellular alterations. The UVA radiation can damage the DNA, oxidize the lipids, and produce dangerous free radicals, which can cause inflammation, modify the gene expression in response to stress, and weaken the skin immune response. With a minor penetration, the UVB radiation is more harmful, being responsible for immediate damage. Ultraviolet radiation light emitted by the sun is considered necessary for the existence of life but cause radiation problems, especially in the skin. The photoprotective activities of plant extracts and isolated composts were evaluated by many reports, as well as the correlation of these compounds with the antioxidant activity. This review presents plant compounds with interest to the cosmetic industry to be used in sunscreens such as flavonoids and cinnamates.


Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1157
Author(s):  
Michał Biernacki ◽  
Anna Jastrząb ◽  
Elżbieta Skrzydlewska

The liver is a key metabolic organ that is particularly sensitive to environmental factors, including UV radiation. As UV radiation induces oxidative stress and inflammation, natural compounds are under investigation as one method to counteract these consequences. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of topical application of phytocannabinoid-cannabidiol (CBD) on the skin of nude rats chronically irradiated with UVA/UVB, paying particular attention to its impact on the liver antioxidants and phospholipid metabolism. The results of this study indicate that CBD reaches the rat liver where it is then metabolized into decarbonylated cannabidiol, 7-hydroxy-cannabidiol and cannabidiol-glucuronide. CBD increased the levels of GSH and vitamin A after UVB radiation. Moreover, CBD prevents the increase of 4-hydroxynonenal and 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α levels in UVA-irradiated rats. As a consequence of reductions in phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenases activity following UV irradiation, CBD upregulates the level of 2-arachidonoylglycerol and downregulates prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4. Finally, CBD enhances decreased level of 15-deoxy-Δ-12,14-prostaglandin J2 after UVB radiation and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid after UVA radiation. These data show that CBD applied to the skin prevents ROS- and enzyme-dependent phospholipid metabolism in the liver of UV-irradiated rats, suggesting that it may be used as an internal organ protector.


2021 ◽  
Vol 939 (1) ◽  
pp. 012015
Author(s):  
A Anarbaev ◽  
O Tursunov ◽  
D Kodirov ◽  
J Izzatillaev ◽  
A Rakhmatov ◽  
...  

Abstract This study highlights the application of UV radiation for soil treatment with regard to agricultural plant growth intensification. The influence of the parameters of ultraviolet radiation (intensity and wavelength) on the value of the redox potential in the soil was quantified. The experimental tests carried out in soils, plants, seeds with ultraviolet radiation lamps for changing the accumulation of the most mobile nitrate forms of nitrogen were defined.


Author(s):  
Renata Chadyšiene ◽  
Rasele Girgždiene ◽  
Aloyzas Girgždys

Preliminary analysis of the data of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and ground‐level ozone concentration measurements from Rugšteliškes Monitoring Station over the years 2002–2003 is presented. Observations showed that an average UV radiation value in January and July of 2002 differed about 10 times. Maximum intensity of UVA radiation was observed in July (about 2,4 W/m2), and minimal one ‐ in December (0,1 W/m2), the highest UVB radiation intensity was in May (0,09 W/m2), while a minimal UVB radiation value as well as that of UVA was registered in December (0,07 W/m2). Relationship between the highest ozone concentration and UVB radiation values during the summer of the investigation period was found to be linear.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3755
Author(s):  
Jakub Rok ◽  
Zuzanna Rzepka ◽  
Justyna Kowalska ◽  
Klaudia Banach ◽  
Artur Beberok ◽  
...  

Minocycline is a drug which induces skin hyperpigmentation. Its frequency reaches up to 50% of treated patients. The adverse effect diminishes the great therapeutic potential of minocycline, including antibacterial, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer actions. It is supposed that an elevated melanin level and drug accumulation in melanin-containing cells are related to skin hyperpigmentation. This study aimed to evaluate molecular and biochemical mechanism of minocycline-induced hyperpigmentation in human normal melanocytes, as well as the contribution of UV radiation to this side effect. The experiments involved the evaluation of cyto- and phototoxic potential of the drug using cell imaging with light and confocal microscopes as well as biochemical and molecular analysis of melanogenesis. We showed that minocycline induced melanin synthesis in epidermal melanocytes. The action was intensified by UV irradiation, especially with the UVB spectrum. Minocycline stimulated the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase (TYR) gene. Higher levels of melanin and increased activity of tyrosinase were also observed in treated cells. Moreover, minocycline triggered the supranuclear accumulation of tyrosinase, similar to UV radiation. The decreased level of premelanosome protein PMEL17 observed in all minocycline-treated cultures suggests disorder of the formation, maturation or distribution of melanosomes. The study revealed that minocycline itself was able to enhance melanin synthesis. The action was intensified by irradiation, especially with the UVB spectrum. Demonstrated results confirmed the potential role of melanin and UV radiation minocycline-induced skin hyperpigmentation.


2021 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
Наталья Игоревна Федянина ◽  
Ольга Вячеславовна Карастоянова ◽  
Надежда Вячеславовна Коровкина

Представлены результаты исследования влияния обработки свежих шампиньонов ультрафиолетовым излучением в диапазоне А различными дозами на изменение текстуры. Построена математическая модель зависимости предельной хранимоспособности по целевому показателю грибов от дозы облучения, и установлены оптимальные режимы обработки. The results of a study of the effect of processing fresh champignons with ultraviolet radiation in the A range with various doses on the change in texture are presented. A mathematical model of the dependence of the limiting storage capacity for the target indicator of mushrooms on the radiation dose has been built and the optimal processing modes have been established.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (34) ◽  
pp. 10446-10453
Author(s):  
Liangliang Wu ◽  
Huajing Fang ◽  
Cheng Zheng ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Hong Wang

A multifunctional smart window for detection and shielding of UV radiation is realized by integrating photodetectors with electrochromic hydrogels.


2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-564
Author(s):  
A. V. Mikhalev ◽  
M. A. Chernigovskaya ◽  
A. Yu. Shalin ◽  
E. S. Kazimirovsky

Abstract. The results of spectral measurements of the daily near-noon surface direct solar ultraviolet radiation in the wavelength range of 295–345 nm obtained in Irkutsk (East Siberia) for the time interval of 1998–2000 are presented. For the period under consideration, the seasonal UV radiation variations are analysed that are associated with the total ozone dynamics, the transition of cyclonic and anticyclonic (Siberian anticyclone) periods, the presence of snow cover, and other factors. The analysis reveals an asymmetric behaviour of the seasonal course in ground-level UV radiation around the time of the summer solstice, with seasonal variation dependence on the wavelength. We have determined the irregular variations of surface UV radiation that is typical for the region, with their properties dependent on the season and on the spectral range analysed. The similarity of the above noted features from year to year was revealed.Key words. Atmospheric composition and structure (Transmission and scattering of radiation; instruments and techniques) – Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (middle atmosphere dynamics)


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