THE ROLE OF LONG‐TERM LANDSCAPE PHOTOGRAPHY AS A TOOL IN DUNE MANAGEMENT/ILGALAIKIS KRAŠTOVAIZDŽIO FOTOGRAFAVIMAS KAIP PRIEMONĖ NUMATANT KOPŲ VALDYMĄ/МНОГОЛЕТНЕЕ ФОТОГРАФИРОВАНИЕ ЛАНДШАФТА КАК СПОСОБ СЛЕЖЕНИЯ ЗА ДЮНАМИ

Attitudes to maintaining dune diversity are changing under the realization that existing dune stabilization techniques are fixing dune landscapes, causing ‘coastal squeeze’ and loss of habitat as shorelines retreat. Instead, it is recommended that a natural, dynamic, migrating dune system is much more appropriate and that blown, unstable sands are encouraged to act as mobile coastal defence barriers. Lack of appropriate monitoring techniques has limited progress in understanding the role of sediment dynamics in dune environments over long timescales. Therefore, this paper outlines the role of straightforward and inexpensive photography, from fixed points and angles, as a useful approach to long‐term, decadal monitoring of the evolution and migration of dynamic dune landforms. The case study, on the Morfa Dyffryn dunes, Gwynedd, mid‐Wales, United Kingdom (National Grid Reference SH563240), identified particularly dynamic mobile fo‐redunes, with cyclical morphological development, paralleling to an overall landward recession. A cyclical trend of sand encroachment, followed by stabilization with growing vegetation, is documented for semi‐fixed dune pastures, while the hind dunes remained stable. A general relationship between foredune morphology and erosion/accretion processes was established, offering the prospect of predicting future dune morphological changes in other dune systems, if increased blown sand activity is encouraged as a management technique. Santrauka Požiūris išlaikyti kopų įvairovę kinta, suvokiant, kad esamos kopų stabilizavimo priemonės, formuojant kopų kraštovaizdį, nepadeda išvengti pajūrio ruožo susiaurėjimo ir arealo praradimo atsitraukiant kranto linijai. Kita vertus, rekomenduojama išsaugoti natūralią dinamišką ir migruojančią kopų sistemą, kad nupustomi labilūs smėliai atliktų mobilių kranto apsaugos barjerų funkciją. Dėl tinkamų monitoringo priemonių trūkumo sulėtėjo patirties apie ilgalaikę nuosėdų dinamiką kopų aplinkoje kaupimas. Darbe aprašomas tiesioginis ir didelių išlaidų nereikalaujantis fotografijos metodas, kuris galėtų būti taikomas minėtoms problemoms spręsti. Metodas pagrįstas fotografavimu fiksuotuose taškuose ir tomis pačiomis kryptimis. Tai gali būti naudingas būdas ilgalaikiam monitoringui – stebėti dinaminių kopų sausumos darinių migraciją dešimtmečius. Tiriamoji vieta – Morfa Dyffryn kopos, Gwynedd, Velso vidurinėje dalyje Jungtinėje Karalystėje (nacionalinėje koordinačių sistemoje SH563240). Tai ypač dinamiškos priešakinės kopos. Joms būdinga cikliška morfologinė raida, prilygstanti bendrajam atsitraukimui iš sausumo pusės. Cikliška smėlio įsibrovimo tendencija, po kurio vyksta augalijos stabilizavimasis, būdinga pusiau sutvirtintoms kopoms, kai užnugarinės kopos lieka stabilios. Darbe nustatytos bendros sąsajos tarp priešakinių kopų morfologijos ir erozijos/akrecijos procesų, siūlomas morfologinių pokyčių numatymo būdas, kuris galėtų tapti valdymo priemone ir kitose kopų sistemose, kur smėlis ypač pustomas. Резюме Мнение о том, как сохранить разнообразие дюн, меняется, если принять во внимание, что существующие способы стабилизации дюн формируют ландшафт с дюнами, „сжимают“ приморье и теряют ареал из-за отступления линии берега. С другой стороны, рекомендуется сохранить естественную, динамичную и мигрирующую систему, чтобы сдуваемые, подвижные пески служили мобильными барьерами для защиты берега. Из-за нехватки соответствующих средств мониторинга замедлилось получение сведений о многолетней динамике отложений в среде дюн. С целью восполнить пробел в статье описывается не требующий больших затрат метод фотографирования. Он основан на фотографировании в фиксированных точках и в тех же направлениях и может стать полезным способом осуществления многолетнего мониторинга миграции динамичных дюн. Исследования проводились в динамичных передних дюнах Morfa Dyffryn, Gwynedd, в средней части Уэльса в Англии (в Национальной системе координат SH563240). Для них характерно цикличное морфологическое развитие, соответствующее общему отступлению со стороны суши. Цикличная тенденция наступления песка, после чего стабилизируется растительность, характерна для отчасти укрепленных дюн в том случае, если задние дюны остаются стабильными. Установлена связь между процессами морфологии передних дюн и эрозии/аккреции, предложен способ предвидения морфологических изменений в качестве средства управления процессом и в других системах дюн, в которых усилилась деятельность подвижного песка.

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Patient-individual cancer cell lines and tissue analysis delivers no evidence for a role of DNA virus infection on colorectal cancer oncogenesis

10.21203/rs.2.13448/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Gock ◽

Marcel Kordt ◽

Stephanie Matschos ◽

Christina S. Mullins ◽

Michael Linnebacher

Keyword(s):

Cell Lines ◽

Molecular Subtypes ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Tissue Analysis ◽

Oncogenic Viruses ◽

Dna Viruses ◽

Viral Particles ◽

Specific Sequences

Abstract Background Several DNA viruses are highly suspicious to have oncogenic effects in humans. This study investigates the presence of potentially oncogenic viruses such as SV40, JCV, BKV and EBV in patient-derived colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells typifying all molecular subtypes of CRC. Methods Sample material (gDNA and cDNA) of a total of 49 patient-individual CRC cell lines and corresponding primary material from 11 patients, including normal, tumor-derived and metastasis-derived tissue were analyzed for sequences of SV40, JVC, BKV and EBV using endpoint PCR. In addition, the susceptibility of CRC cells to JCV and BKV was examined using a long-term cultivation approach of patient-individual cells in the presence of viruses. Results No virus-specific sequences could be detected in all specimens. Likewise, no morphological changes were observed and no evidence for viral infection or integration could be provided after long term CRC cell cultivation in presence of viral particles. Conclusions In summary, the presented data suggest that there is no direct correlation between tumorigenesis and viral load and consequently no evidence for a functional role of the DNA viruses included into this analysis in CRC development.

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Unemployment as a threat to society – an analysis of the situation in Poland and selected countries of the European Union

Internal Security ◽

10.5604/20805268.1231599 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 265-282

Author(s):

Tomasz Łachacz ◽

Sylwester Zagulski

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Sex Education ◽

The State ◽

The European Union ◽

Role Of The State ◽

And Migration ◽

The Unemployed ◽

The Eu

Unemployment is classified today as one of the main threats to society. The phenomenon affects the lives of individuals, the functioning of families and society and development of the state. It is often the source of other social problems such as poverty, violence, or social pathologies. The article presents the scale and nature of unemployment occurring after 1989 in Poland and in selected European Union countries, i.e. the Netherlands, Spain, Slovakia and Latvia. It attempts to show the characteristic trends of the phenomenon over a period of more than two decades. Examples from the European countries analysed show that the situation in the labour market and the approach to employment are radically different. Individual countries are characterised by very different unemployment rates, which reflect their different size, economic and demographic potential, or are associated with the tradition of employment. The existence of differences seems to be normal, but their scale may give rise to concern. A characteristic feature of unemployment in the period analysed is its regional diversity, both in Poland and in the whole of the European community. Important factors that determine the level of unemployment are age, sex, education and people’s qualifications. The effects of long-term unemployment are very painful for the whole of society. Such a situation can lead to, amongst others, poverty, societal antagonism, violence and migration. The latter is an issue that the whole of Europe is currently struggling with. The uncontrolled influx of immigrants, including those migrating for economic reasons, causes fear of losing their job among Europeans, which in turn translates into the radicalisation of society. A role of the state and the EU institutions is to create an effective mechanism for the protection and support of the unemployed. This is a prerequisite for Europeans to continue the project which is a common united Europe.

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Conflicting Perspectives on the “Migrant Crisis” in the Horn of Africa

The Oxford Handbook of Migration Crises ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190856908.013.35 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 228-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John R. Campbell

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Action Plan ◽

The European Union ◽

Horn Of Africa ◽

Apparent Paradox ◽

Population Displacement ◽

Nation States ◽

And Migration

In sharp contrast to the sense of a “migrant crisis” which prevails in Europe, nation states in the Horn of Africa understand migration, including state-induced population displacement, as unexceptional. The chapter addresses this apparent paradox by contrasting European policy discourse on migration with the long-term political and structural processes in northeastern Africa that cause population displacement and migration. The chapter then examines the migration policies of governments in the Horn and concludes by arguing that the European Union misrepresents and misunderstands the factors responsible for large-scale migration and the role of states in exploiting migrants. For these reasons it is highly unlikely that the EU-Horn of Africa Action Plan/Khartoum process will bring about better border management policies and practices.

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Some experimental data on the etiology of uterine fibroids

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj83448 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 77-78

Author(s):

M. S. Todortseva

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Nervous System ◽

Tumor Growth ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Uterine Fibroids ◽

Nervous Apparatus ◽

Term Administration

Taking into account the great interest in identifying the role of the nervous system in the processes of tumor growth and the insufficient study of morphological changes in the nervous apparatus of neoplasms, in our clinic (Head - Prof. AM Foy), since 1955, work has been carried out to study the effect of prolonged hyperestrogenism on the nervous apparatus of the uterus during the development of experimental fibroids in it. Experiments with long-term administration of estrogenic hormones were carried out on 120 non-castrated female guinea pigs weighing from 150.0 to 250.0, which were divided into 4 groups.

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The Legacy of Conflict: Reconstruction and Migration in the Aftermath of Civil War in Tajikistan

International Migration Review ◽

10.1177/01979183211025492 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 019791832110254

Author(s):

Michelle L. O’Brien

Keyword(s):

Civil War ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Resource Center ◽

Combining Data ◽

And Migration ◽

Data Program ◽

Development Resource ◽

The Relationship

How do civil war and subsequent reconstruction efforts affect international migration? Although a wealth of evidence points to violent conflict’s effects on contemporaneous migration and although a rich body of literature examines development’s effects on migration, we know less about the intersection of conflict, development, and migration. This article examines the intersection of these factors nearly a decade after the 1992–1997 civil war in Tajikistan, combining data from the 2007 Tajikistan Living Standards Survey, the Uppsala Conflict Data Program, and original interviews. In a series of logistic regression models, I show that conflict fatalities do not have a direct effect on subsequent migration, while the number of years a district has had a development resource center directly increases the likelihood of migrating. However, the interaction between development and conflict is negative and significant. These findings suggest that conflict’s legacy does not directly impact the likelihood of respondents migrating but instead changes the nature of the relationship between development and migration. This finding illuminates conflict’s potential long-term consequences for migration and extends the migration-development nexus by addressing the role of conflict in the relationship between development and migration. In particular, it suggests that migration research in conflict-affected countries should incorporate measures of both conflict and development, even after a given conflict has ended.

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Long-term Morphological Changes of the Velum and the Nasopharynx in Patients With Cleft Palate

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1177/10556656211045287 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105566562110452

Author(s):

Takeshi Harada ◽

Tadashi Yamanishi ◽

Takayuki Kurimoto ◽

Setsuko Uematsu ◽

Yuri Yamamoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cleft Palate ◽

Soft Palate ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Morphological Development ◽

Depth Ratio ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Velopharyngeal Closure ◽

Pharyngeal Depth

Objective To investigate long-term morphological changes in the soft palate length and nasopharynx in patients with cleft palate. We hypothesized that there would be differences in the morphological development of the soft palate and nasopharynx between patients with and without cleft palate and that these developmental changes would negatively affect the soft palate length to pharyngeal depth ratio involved in velopharyngeal closure for patients with cleft palate. Design Retrospective, case-control study. Setting Institutional practice. Patients Ninety-two patients (Group F) with unilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate and 67 patients (Group CLA) with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus not requiring palatoplasty were included. Main Outcome Measures The soft palate length, nasopharyngeal size, and soft palate length to pharyngeal depth ratio were measured via lateral cephalograms obtained at three different periods. Results Group F showed a shorter soft palate length and smaller nasopharyngeal size than Group CLA at all periods. Both these parameters increased with age, but the increase in amount was significantly less in Group F compared with that in Group CLA. The soft palate length to pharyngeal depth ratio in Group F decreased with age. Conclusions In patients with cleft palate, the soft palate length to pharyngeal depth ratio, which is involved in velopharyngeal closure, can change with age. Less soft palate length growth and unfavorable relationship between the soft palate and nasopharynx may be masked in early childhood but can manifest later on with age.

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Morphological and apoptotic changes in the intestinal mucosa and lung parenchyma after ischaemic/reperfusion injury of the jejunum

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/avet.58.2010.2.10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 243-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ján Varga ◽

Pavel Staško ◽

Štefan Tóth ◽

Zuzana Pristášová ◽

Zuzana Jonecová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Morphological Changes ◽

Lung Parenchyma ◽

Multiple Organ ◽

Control Group ◽

Jejunal Mucosa ◽

Apoptotic Cells ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Long Term Experiment

Ischaemic/reperfusion (IR) injury of the small intestine may lead to the development of multiple organ failure. Little is known about the morphological changes occurring in the organs during the subacute course of this syndrome. The objective of this study was to observe histopathological features and the role of apoptosis in the jejunal mucosa and lung parenchyma after intestinal IR injury in a long-term experiment. Wistar rats (n = 36) were divided into 4 experimental groups (IR 10 , IR 20 , IR 30 , S). Groups IR 10 , IR 20 and IR 30 (each n = 10) were subjected to 1-hour ischaemia of the cranial mesenteric artery followed by 10, 20 or 30 days of reperfusion, respectively. The control group S (n = 6) was not subjected to ischaemia. The jejunal mucosa remained intact after all periods of reperfusion. Apoptotic cells were found particularly in the lamina propria, with the most significant difference observed in the IR 30 group (P < 0.01). The lung parenchyma had lower regenerative capacity, which was confirmed by a high index of histological damage after 30 days of reperfusion (P < 0.01) and by the presence of an increased number of apoptotic cells, especially in the pulmonary interstitium. The number of apoptotic cells was ten times higher than in the control group (P < 0.001).

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The Role of Fat Grafting in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Maxillofacial Deformities

Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction ◽

10.1055/s-0033-1333877 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 121-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Francesco Arcuri ◽

Matteo Brucoli ◽

Nicola Baragiotta ◽

Livia Stellin ◽

Mariangela Giarda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Morphological Changes ◽

Facial Asymmetry ◽

Clinical Results ◽

Fat Grafting ◽

Biological Behavior ◽

Open Approach ◽

Fat Transplantation ◽

Software Analysis

PurposeThe first autologous adipose tissue grafting was performed by Neuber in 1893 with an open approach. In the early 1980s, Illouz and Fournier introduced closed liposuction. In the 1990s, Coleman published a new method of atraumatic fat transplantation. Recently, immunohistochemical studies of the extracellular matrix of the lipoaspirate showed the presence of adipose-derived stem cells. The purpose of this study is to describe the role of fat grafting in the management of posttraumatic facial deformities.MethodsThe study population was composed of all patients who underwent facial fat grafting between March 2008 and November 2010 as a secondary reconstructive procedure after an initial unsatisfactory treatment of the skeletal fractures. We analyzed the postoperative morphological changes by comparing the grafted side of the face to the contralateral side with the aid of a software package.ResultsNineteen patients were surgically treated with fat transplantation for facial asymmetry due to a pathological postoperative healing of the soft tissue. Clinical examination and software analysis showed adequate postoperative facial balance without major complications.ConclusionFat grafting is a very powerful tool to correct posttraumatic maxillofacial deformities and to ensure a long-term follow-up. Although we have achieved excellent clinical results in our reconstructive clinical cases, we are convinced that more complex prospective studies, enriched by long-term radiological controls, are needed to fully understand the biological behavior of the transplanted fat in the posttraumatic face.

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Patient-individual cancer cell lines and tissue analysis delivers no evidence of sequences from DNA viruses in colorectal cancer cells

10.21203/rs.2.13448/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Gock ◽

Marcel Kordt ◽

Stephanie Matschos ◽

Christina S. Mullins ◽

Michael Linnebacher

Keyword(s):

Cell Lines ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Tissue Analysis ◽

Oncogenic Viruses ◽

Dna Viruses ◽

Viral Particles ◽

Colorectal Cancer Cells ◽

Specific Sequences

Abstract Background: Several DNA viruses are highly suspicious to have oncogenic effects in humans. This study investigates the presence of potentially oncogenic viruses such as SV40, JCV, BKV and EBV in patient-derived colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells typifying all molecular subtypes of CRC. Methods: Sample material (gDNA and cDNA) of a total of 49 patient-individual CRC cell lines and corresponding primary material from 11 patients, including normal, tumor-derived and metastasis-derived tissue were analyzed for sequences of SV40, JVC, BKV and EBV using endpoint PCR. In addition, the susceptibility of CRC cells to JCV and BKV was examined using a long-term cultivation approach of patient-individual cells in the presence of viruses. Results: No virus-specific sequences could be detected in all specimens. Likewise, no morphological changes were observed and no evidence for viral infection or integration could be provided after long term CRC cell cultivation in presence of viral particles. Conclusions: In summary, the presented data suggest that there is no direct correlation between tumorigenesis and viral load and consequently no evidence for a functional role of the DNA viruses included into this analysis in CRC development.

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