scholarly journals RELIABILITY OF MORTGAGE VALUATION FOR INSTITUTIONAL LENDING IN NIGERIA

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
Bioye Tajudeen Aluko
Keyword(s):  
Deposit Insurance ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Investment Performance ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Mortgage Valuation ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Good Proxy ◽  
Lending Institutions ◽  
Market Valuations ◽  
Transaction Price

The growing number of distressed banks in Nigeria and the recognition of mortgage valuation as a measure of investment performance of collaterals to mitigate the risks of loan underwriting process necessitates this study. It examined whether open market valuations of mortgage properties were a good proxies for their sale prices. Pooled data, involving 121 open market sales during the period 1994 to 2002, on property transactions in the study area with their corresponding contemporaneous valuations were gathered from the estate surveying and valuation firms, the lending institutions and the Nigerian Deposit Insurance Corporation. The data emanating therefrom were analysed with the aid of multiple regression models. The study revealed, amongst other things, that open market valuation for mortgage is a good proxy for their transaction price in the study area; although, the accuracy is not as good as what obtains in U.K, U.S.A. and Australia.

scholarly journals ACCURACY OF AUCTION SALE VALUATIONS IN DISTRESSED BANK LENDING DECISIONS IN NIGERIA

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bioye Tajudeen Aluko
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Real Estate Finance ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Auction Sale ◽  
Good Proxy ◽  
Lending Decisions ◽  
Lending Institutions

Of all the sub‐sectors of the national economy, the banking industry and the property market have arguably been most severely affected by the current recession. Thus, the prevailing credit crunch in real estate finance and market conditions have implication for disposal and valuations of real estate for mortgage purposes. The study examined whether forced sale valuations of mortgage properties were a good proxy for their auction sale prices. Relevant data involving 67 auction sales of foreclosed residential property transactions together with their contemporaneous forced sale valuations were pooled together in Lagos Metropolis during the period 1994 to 2003 from sample of estate surveying and valuation/auctioneering firms, the lending institutions and the Nigeria Deport Insurance Corporation. The data obtained were analyzed with the aid of frequency distributions and multiple regression models. The study revealed, amongst others, that forced sale values are not good proxies for auction sale prices as against the conclusions of previous studies on accuracy of open market valuations either in Nigeria or other countries like UK, USA and Australia. The implications of the foregoing conclusions on the lending decisions and valuation profession in the country were further examined in the paper.

scholarly journals IMPLICATIONS OF THE CURRENT TREND IN MORTGAGE VALUATION PRACTICE IN NIGERIA

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bioye Tajudeen Aluko
Keyword(s):  
Current Trend ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Mortgage Valuation ◽  
Important Index ◽  
Valuation Process ◽  
Important Input ◽  
Lending Decisions ◽  
Lending Institutions ◽  
The Cost

The emerging concern on the reliability of property valuations coupled with the attendant consequences of growing number of distressed banks in Nigeria necessitate this study. Therefore, the study examined the mortgage valuation process including sources of valuation instructions, bases and methods being adopted and their implications on lending decisions and valuation profession in the study area. To accomplish the study, questionnaires were randomly administered on samples of estate surveying and valuation firms and lending institutions respectively in Lagos Metropolis. The data emanating there from were analysed using frequency distributions, ranking mean and relative important index ranking. The study, prima facie, established that mortgage valuation has been an important input in lending decisions. It further showed the implications of the blind adoption of the cost approach, inconsistency amongst valuers and non ‐ inclusion of insurance valuation in the mortgage valuation process. Būsto paskolų vertinimas Nigerijoje: esamų tendencijų prasmė Santrauka Ši tyrimą paskatino didėjantis rūpestis dėl nekilnojamojo turto vertinimu variantiškumo bei tikslumo ir nuskurdusiu Nigerijos banku sukelti padariniai. Kadangi, priimant sprendimą suteikti paskola, vertinti ja būtina, tyrimo išvados galbūt padėtu ieškoti politiniu sprendimu dėlnesuvaldomo banku žlugimo šalyje. Todėl darbe nustatyta ir ištirta būsto paskolų vertinimo svarba, įskaitant vertinimo instrukcijų šaltiniu, pagrindu ir taikomu metodu reikšme, nagrinėtas būsto paskolų vertinimas, priimat sprendimus suteikti paskola, ir vertintojo profesija šioje srityje. Anketomis ir pokalbiu metu apklaustos 59 atsitiktine tvarka atrinktos turto tikrinimo bei vertinimo firmos (iš 146 aktyviai veikiančiu; iš viso yra 239 tokio pobūdžio firmos) ir 42 skolinančios institucijos iš 89, veikiančiu Lagose. Gauti duomenys išanalizuoti skaičiuojant pasiskirstymą, garantavimas ir santykines svarbos indeksą. Tyrimu nustatyta, kad teikiamas paskolas vertinti yra svarbu. Tolesne analize parodę, kad į būsto paskolų vertinimąneįeina draudimo vertinimas, aklai pasirenkamas sąnaudųaspektas ir vertintoju nuomones dėl būsto paskolų skiriasi. Tai, kas išdėstyta, skirta vertintojams, skolintojams arba kitiems vertinimo paslaugu vartotojams ir turto rinkai apskritai.

Self-Reported Sense of Smell Predicts Disgust Sensitivity and Disgust Reactivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-195
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Kelley ◽  
Adrienne L. Crowell
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Olfactory Stimulus ◽  
Disgust Sensitivity ◽  
Sense Of Smell ◽  
Olfactory Ability ◽  
Good Proxy ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. Two studies tested the hypothesis that self-reported sense of smell (i.e., metacognitive insight into one’s olfactory ability) predicts disgust sensitivity and disgust reactivity. Consistent with our predictions two studies demonstrated that disgust correlates with self-reported sense of smell. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated, from an individual difference perspective, that trait-like differences in disgust relate to self-reported sense of smell. Physical forms of disgust (i.e., sexual and pathogen disgust) drove this association. However, the association between self-reported sense of smell and disgust sensitivity is small, suggesting that it is likely not a good proxy for disgust sensitivity. The results of Study 2 extended this finding by demonstrating that individual differences in self-reported sense of smell influence how individuals react to a disgusting olfactory stimulus. Those who reported having a better sense of smell (or better insight into their olfactory ability) found a disgusting smell significantly more noxious as compared to participants reporting having a poor sense of smell (or poor insight into their olfactory ability). The current findings suggest that a one-item measure of self-reported sense of smell may be an effective tool in disgust research.

18F-sodium fluoride bone deposition quantitation with PET in Mice: Variation with age, sex, and circadian rhythm

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (06) ◽  
pp. 428-437
Author(s):  
Viktoria Dorau-Rutke ◽  
Kai Huang ◽  
Mathias Lukas ◽  
Marc O. Schulze ◽  
Christian Rosner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Sleep Phase ◽  
Median Percentage ◽  
Bone Uptake ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Uptake Studies ◽  
Bone Deposition

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to establish a data base for normal 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) bone uptake as a function of age, sex and circadian rhythm in mice. Methods In 12 female (F) and 12 male (M) C57BL/6N mice PET images were acquired 90 min after intravenous injection of 20 MBq 18F-NaF for 30 minutes. Each mouse was imaged in follow-up studies at 1, 3, 6, 13 and 21 months of age. In order to assess for physiologic changes related to circadian rhythm, animals were imaged during light (sleep phase) as well as during night conditions (awake phase). Bone uptake is described as the median percentage of the injected activity (%IA) and in relation to bone volume (%IA/ml). Results A significant smaller bone volume was found in F (1.79 ml) compared to M (1.99 ml; p < 0.001). In sex-pooled data, highest bone uptake occurred at an age of 1 month (61.1 %IA, 44.5 %IA/ml) with a significant reduction (p < 0.001) at age 3 months (43.6 %IA, 23.6 %IA/ml), followed by an increase between 13 (47.3 %IA, 24.5 %IA/ml) and 21 months (52.2 %IA, 28.1 %IA/ml). F had a significantly higher total uptake (F 48.2 %IA, M 43.8 %IA; p = 0.026) as well as a higher uptake per ml bone tissue (F 27.0 %IA/ml; M 22.4 %IA/ml; p < 0.001). A significant impact of circadian rhythm was only found for F at ages of 3 and 6 months with a higher uptake during the sleep phase. Conclusion Circadian rhythm had a significant impact on uptake only in F of 3 and 6 months. Regarding sex, F showed generally higher uptake rates than M. The highest uptake values were observed during bone growth at age 1 month in both sexes, a second uptake peak occurred in elderly F. Designing future bone uptake studies with M, attention must be paid to age only, while in F circadian rhythm and age must be taken into account.

Increased Heparin Cofactor II Levels in Women Taking Oral Contraceptives

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (03) ◽  
pp. 365-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Toulon ◽  
J M Bardin ◽  
N M Blumenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Thrombin Inhibitor ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Heparin Cofactor Ii ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Increased Risk

SummaryHeparin cofactor II (HCII) is a thrombin inhibitor present in human plasma whose activity is enhanced by heparin. HCII exhibits important homologies with antithrombin III, the main heparin-enhanced thrombin inhibitor. Cases of recurrent thromboembolism have been recently reported in patients with HCII deficiency. Since the use of oral contraceptives (OC) is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis, the study of the plasma levels of HCII was undertaken in women taking contraceptive pills. Plasma HCII levels were found significantly higher in 62 women taking low-estrogen content OC (1.20 ± 0.28 U/ml) than in 62 age matched women not taking OC (0.94 ± 0.16 U/ml) or in 62 men (0.96 ± 0.19 U/ml). Significant correlations between HCII and fibrinogen levels were reported in the three groups. From the pooled data of the two control groups (men and women not taking OC), the normal range for plasma HCII levels was defined to be between 0.60 and 1.30 U/ml (mean ± 2 SD). Two cases of low HCII levels (<0.60 U/ml) were found in the control groups, but none in the group of women taking OC. It is concluded that the use of oral contraceptives is associated with a rise in HCII levels and that the screening for HCII deficiency has to be performed at distance of any OC therapy.

An Overview of Rural to Urban Migration in China and Social Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
Ziwei Qi
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Labour Demand ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
The Past ◽  
Internal Migrations ◽  
Rural To Urban Migration ◽  
Employment Sectors

The rural to urban migration in China represents one of the greatest internal migrations of people in history as rural populations have moved to cities in response to growing labour demand. One major cause of the increased labour demand was the “Reform and Open Market Policy” initiated at the end of the 1970s. The policy amplified the rural to urban divide by promoting a more thoroughly market-based economy with a corresponding reduction in the importance of agricultural production and a greater emphasis on non-agricultural market sectors. As a result, a series of economic reforms have drastically changed the cultural and social aspects of the rural area over the past three decades. Many social problems have been created due to rural to urban migration. These problems include institutional discrimination because of the restrictive household registration policies; social stigmatisation and discrimination in state-owned employment sectors and among urban residents; psychological distress and feelings of alienation.

Spatial regularities between non-immigrant and immigrant numbers in Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-100
Author(s):  
Yigit Aydede
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Pooled Data

The present study intends to reveal spatial regularities between non-immigrant and immigrant numbers in two different ways. First, it questions the existence of those regularities when spatial scales get finer. Second, it uses pooled data over four population censuses covering the period from 1991 to 2006, which enabled us to apply appropriate techniques to remove those unobserved fixed effects so that the estimations would accurately identify the linkage between local immigrant and non-immigrant numbers. The results provide evidence about the existence of negative spatial regularities between non-immigrant and immigrant numbers in Canada at national scale.

EFFECT OF NICOTINE ON SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR OF MUTANT STRAIN (CURLED) OF DROSOPHILLA MELANOGASTER

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
SHAMIM AKHTER CHOUDHARY
Keyword(s):  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Mating Latency ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Food Medium ◽  
Food Media ◽  
Dose Dependent

In the present study, an attempt was made to study the effect of plant extract on Sexual behaviour of Mutant Strain (Curled) of Drosophila melanogaster. The LC50 has been estimated with 1% of the food media. The virgin females and males were isolated and fed with normal food media for three days. Then sub-lethal concentrations of 0.625 μl / 100 ml food, 1.2 μl /100 ml food, 2.5μl /100 / food of nicotine were mixed in food medium and allowed in flies to feed for two days. Then appropriate combination of untreated / treated males and females were introduced into the mating chamber. Courtship latency, mating latency and copulation duration were studied. After observation of the behaviour, mated flies were allowed to produce progeny. The sexual behaviour of bachelor male and virgin female obtained in the progeny was also studied. The pooled data were analyzed by student t-test and the result indicates p-value significant at 0.05 levels. The courtship latency was affected by in treatment but it is neither dose dependent nor sex dependent.

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