scholarly journals The determinants of the competitiveness of Lithuanian export: macroeconomic approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 170-178
Author(s):  
Rita Remeikienė ◽  
Ligita Gasparėnienė ◽  
Alius Sadeckas
Keyword(s):  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Promotion Strategy ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Export Competitiveness ◽  
Social Contributions ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Impact

The development of an appropriate export promotion strategy in any country calls for consideration of such country-level determinants as macroeconomic indicators and cultural elements. Small economies, like Lithuania, must have a clear understanding of which macroeconomic factors most significantly contribute to the competitiveness of their exports. This article is aimed at assessment of the competitiveness of Lithuanian export in the macroeconomic context. The main purpose of the research is to assess the determinants of the competitiveness of Lithuanian export in the macroeconomic context. For accomplishment of the defined purpose, the following objectives were raised: 1) to review the general determinants of export competitiveness; 2) to develop the methodology for assessment of the country’s export competitiveness in the macroeconomic context; 3) to empirically assess the impact of macroeconomic determinants on the competitiveness of Lithuanian export over the period 2007–2015. The research methods include comparative and systematic literature analysis, correlation and regression analysis. It has been found that GDP (gross domestic product) per capita and general state’s revenue from taxes and social contributions explain the trends of Lithuanian export by 99.1 percent. A very strong correlation has been estimated between Lithuanian export and terms of financing for exporting enterprises, a negative medium-strong correlation has been estimated between the country’s export and its general tax level, while a positive medium-strong correlation has been captured between the country’s export and its minimum wages. Novelty. The results lead to the conclusion that the competitiveness of Lithuanian export is mainly affected by the state’s tax policy, terms of financing for exporting enterprises and social wage strategies. By improving the above-mentioned areas, the country could occupy stronger competitive positions in international markets.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS UPON SME’S PROFITABILITY

Ekonomika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rokas Bekeris
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Average Salary ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Monetary Base ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Macroeconomic Impact ◽  
The Impact

Profitability is one of the most volatile company’s financial indicators: it is affected not only by internal but also by external, macro factors. Therefore, this research was aimed at evaluating the macroeconomic impact on SMEs’ profitability. The paper presents the model with the macroeconomic factors affecting the profitability of a SME, which includes the macroeconomic indicators such as population and firms’ number in a country, exports and imports, FDI, GDP, unemployment, inflation, taxes paid, average salary, and several others. The paper also deals with the dynamics of corporate profitability in Lithuania and shows a correlation between macro factors and corporate profitability. Most of the selected macroeconomic indicators such as inflation, average wages, the number of enterprises, the monetary base were found not to be statistically significant and had no strong correlation with corporate profitability. The VILIBOR interbank interest rate changes and the unemployment have the gretest impact on profitability.

The Random Forest Method in Research of Impact of Macroeconomic Indicators of Regional Development on Informal Employment Rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
E. V. Zarova ◽  
E. I. Dubravskaya
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Random Forest Method ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

The topic of quantitative research on informal employment has a consistently high relevance both in the Russian Federation and in other countries due to its high dependence on cyclicality and crisis stages in economic dynamics of countries with any level of economic development. Developing effective government policy measures to overcome the negative impact of informal employment requires special attention in theoretical and applied research to assessing the factors and conditions of informal employment in the Russian Federation including at the regional level. Such effects of informal employment as a shortfall in taxes, potential losses in production efficiency, and negative social consequences are a concern for the authorities of the federal and regional levels. Development of quantitative indicators to determine the level of informal employment in the regions, taking into account their specifics in the general spatial and economic system of Russia are necessary to overcome these negative effects. The article proposes and tests methods for solving the problem of assessing the impact of hierarchical relationships on macroeconomic factors at the regional level of informal employment in constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Majority of the works on the study of informal employment are based on basic statistical methods of spatial-dynamic analysis, as well as on the now «traditional» methods of cluster and correlation-regression analysis. Without diminishing the merits of these methods, it should be noted that they are somewhat limited in identifying hidden structural connections and interdependencies in such a complex multidimensional phenomenon as informal employment. In order to substantiate the possibility of overcoming these limitations, the article proposes indicators of regional statistics that directly and indirectly characterize informal employment and also presents the possibilities of using the «random forest» method to identify groups of constituent entities of the Russian Federation that have similar macroeconomic factors of informal employment. The novelty of this method in terms of research objectives is that it allows one to assess the impact of macroeconomic indicators of regional development on the level of informal employment, taking into account the implicit, not predetermined by the initial hypotheses, hierarchical relationships of factor indicators. Based on the generalization of the studies presented in the literature, as well as the authors’ statistical calculations using Rosstat data, the authors came to the conclusion about the high importance of macroeconomic parameters of regional development and systemic relationships of macroeconomic indicators in substantiating the differentiation of the informal level across the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals The Impact Of Macroeconomic Factors In Economic Growth

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alush Kryeziu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Impact

In this paper will be discussed the main concepts and trends of the macro-fiscal indicators in economic growth, as well as their importance in the economic development of different countries, with special emphasis in Kosovo. One of the aims of this paper is to define and explain the connection between macroeconomic indicators with specific emphasis: the public debt, budget deficit and inflation on economic growth. In order to analyze this impact of variables in economic growth, the targeted time period of research is the period from 2004 to 2014. While the data taken regarding Kosovo were obtained from the year 2005, due to the fact that earlier the data have been limited because of the developments in which Kosovo went through. The model that best represents the link between macro-fiscal indicators on economic growth is the linear regression as an econometric model. We will have the opportunity to see and interpret these data. The overall results have emerged in accordance with theoretical discussions presented, but this relationship has not turned out to be very strong because the coefficients acquired did not have great explanatory skills for economic phenomena.

scholarly journals Mortality of Children Under Five and Prevalence of Newborn Congenital Anomalies in Relation to Macroeconomic and Socioeconomic Factors in Latvia

Medicina ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Inguna Ebela ◽  
Irisa Zile ◽  
Aleksandrs Zakis ◽  
Valdis Folkmanis ◽  
Ingrida Rumba-Rozenfelde
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Background Mortality ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
National Welfare

Background. Mortality of infants and children younger than 5 years is a globally recognized and broad national welfare indicator. Scientific literature has data on the correlation of mortality indicators with macroeconomic indicators. It is important to study the associations between prevalence and mortality indicators and socioeconomic factors, since deaths from congenital anomalies account for approximately 25%–30% of all deaths in infancy. The aim of the study was to analyze the overall trend in mortality of infants and young children aged 0 to 4 years in relation to macroeconomic factors in Latvia and prevalence of congenital anomalies in newborns in relation to socioeconomic factors. Material and Methods. The Newborns’ Register and Causes of Death Register were used as data sources; data on specific socioeconomic factors were retrieved from the Central Statistics Office. Results. The results of the study show a strong correlation between mortality in children younger than 5 years and gross domestic product, as well as health budget in LVL per capita and the national unemployment level. The average decrease in infant mortality from congenital anomalies in Latvia was found to be 6.8 cases per 100 000 live births. Conclusions. There is a strong correlation between child mortality and socioeconomic situation in the country. There is a need to analyze the data on child mortality in a transnational context on a regular basis and studying the correlations between child mortality indicators and socioeconomic indicators and health care management parameters.

scholarly journals The Impact of Microeconomic and Macroeconomic Factors on Financial Structure: Evidence from United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Diana Alexandra TOADER ◽  
Georgeta VINTILĂ ◽  
Ștefan Cristian GHERGHINA
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Financial Structure ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Growth Opportunity ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Impact

This paper explores the microeconomic and macroeconomic drivers of financial structure, through a sample of 30 technology companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange, over the period 2005-2018. The financial structure was assessed via long-term debt rate, short-term debt rate and total debt rate, whereas the size of the company, tangibility of assets, growth opportunity, effective tax rate and financial return were selected as microeconomic factors, alongside macroeconomic indicators concerning interest rate, inflation rate and gross domestic product per capita.

scholarly journals Microfinance, the Role and Impact on Macroeconomic Indicators of the Country. Case study: Albania

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Esmeralda Doçi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Microcredit or microfinance are one of the most important novelties on development policy in the last 25 years. Most of the recent studies are based on the impact that microfinance has on poverty reduction or on the income on macroeconomic level. Due to lack of data on microfinance on a macro level, studies of their impact on poverty are limited. However, they have recently analysed the link between microeconomics and microfinance activity, which has shown significant connectivity between the operations of Micro Financial Institutions and Macroeconomic indicators.Microfinance in Albania has developed and this is demonstrated by the presence of Micro Financial Institutions which have contributed to poverty reduction and to economic development in general, and to agricultural development in particular. The purpose of the study is to analyse the importance and the relationship between microfinance and macroeconomic indicators, the impact that microfinance has on macroeconomic indicators. Based on previous literature researchers and empirical studies, this study aims to analyse empirically the relationship between the gross portofolio of MFIs and macroeconomic factors. Specifically, to analyse whether a country with high level of credit portfolio provided by Micro Financial Institutions has low poverty and macroeconomic factors taken into analysis, considering the endogeneity of the gross portfolio of Micro Fianancial Institutions. The empirical evaluation and analysis is carried out through econometric evaluation using the EViews program.

scholarly journals Investment in research and development and their impact on economic growth (GDP growth) of Bosnia and Herzegovina

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Slobodan Marin ◽  
Milan Šušić
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Impact

By investing in research and development, Bosnia and Herzegovina can achieve a competitive advantage in the market and play an important role in supporting research and development, because it can facilitate investments through tax policies and measures, cooperation between science, the state and companies, etc. It is important to note that all attempts to support stronger investments in research and development are fully justified, as they lead to economic growth and technological progress to Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, it is important that incentives are created in a way that not only implies investment growth, but also ensures their efficiency. More plastically, it is not only important how much will be invested in R&D, but also how, that is, what exactly will be invested in. Using theoretical models, numerous empirical studies have been conducted that examine the importance of investment in research and development and their impact on economic growth (GDP growth). Such empirical research differs in the selected variables, the type of statistical analysis and the results. The paper uses regression analysis models for selected macroeconomic indicators in the observed period. The aim of the research is to assess the effects of selected macroeconomic factors, especially the impact of investment in research and development on the growth of gross domestic product (dependent variable), and to answer the question whether investment in research and development (GERD) in Bosnia and Herzegovina is satisfactory?

The Impact of Macroeconomic Indicators on Unemployment Rate

2019 ◽  
pp. 158-181
Author(s):  
Eneda Vladi ◽  
Eglantina Hysa
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
New Policies ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this chapter is to study the impact of the selected macroeconomic indicators on unemployment rate in the region of Western Balkan countries and, more specifically, Albania, Serbia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Kosovo. This research is based on the time period 2000 to 2017 and includes five countries and the econometric model used in here is panel data. Data are retrieved from official and trustable sources such as World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF). The methodology used is the vector autoregressive model (VAR), unit root test, Hausman test, Granger causality test. All the macroeconomic variables, inflation, interest rates, GDP, and FDI are found to have a significant impact on unemployment rate of this group of countries. The novelty of this study remains the fact that this analysis is performed for the Western Balkan countries as a group. The results can serve and can be taken into consideration when applying similar econometric analysis in the future researches or implementing new policies that influences the macroeconomic factors.

scholarly journals Do Leading Macroeconomic Factors Impact on Optimal Portfolio Return in Indonesia?

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Bayu Adi Nugroho ◽  
Edhi Juwono ◽  
Inung Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Optimal Portfolio ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Ordinary Least Square Regression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Portfolio Return

There were two objectives in this research. Those were to construct an optimal portfolio and to analyze the impact of inflation, Bank of Indonesia (BI rate), and Rupiah to US Dollars exchange rate to the optimal portfolio return in Indonesia. The constant correlation portfolio model and ordinary least square regression method were implemented. This research used the stocks from the consistently selected stocks in the Bisnis-27 Index from 2012 to 2016. Microsoft Excel 2010 was used to construct an optimal portfolio. Meanwhile, to compute the regression and statistical analysis, SPSS version 20 was utilized. The obtained results show that only the stocks from PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia, PT Kalbe Farma, PT Charoen Pokphand Indonesia, PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia, PT Bank Central Asia, and PT Bank Negara Indonesia are included in the optimal portfolio. In addition, from the three leading macroeconomic indicators, only exchange rate change (Rupiah to US Dollars rate of change) impacts the return of the constant correlation model portfolio in Bisnis-27 Index significantly and negatively.

scholarly journals Determining and predicting correlation of macroeconomic indicators on credit risk caused by overdue credit

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asie Tsintsadze ◽  
Lela Oniani ◽  
Tamar Ghoghoberidze
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Risk Minimization ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Bank Regulations ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Credit Portfolio ◽  
The Impact

The banking system guarantees the economic strength of the country. Its sustainability is due to the sustainability of the credit portfolio. Therefore, scientific research on banking risks is always relevant. Basel recommendations and central bank regulations provide risk minimization in case of default of borrower by creating risk reserve, but the high range of macroeconomic factors creates a basis for creating credit risk. The model, which determines the risk factors, may be structurally the same, but the quality of the influence of factors is different in various countries. The influence of macroeconomic factors is particularly evident in developing countries. The impact of economic factors in different countries is high in GDP of these countries. The article focuses on determining the influence of macroeconomic factors on credit risk of systematic banks in Georgia. The coefficients of individual macroeconomic indicators are calculated by using Pearson’s correlation. The credit risk ratio is taken from the bank’s overdue credits and credit portfolio ratio. Based on the correlation coefficients obtained, the expected risk of shock changes is calculated.

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