Long-term Variability of the Composite Galaxy SDSS J103911-000057: A True Type-2 AGN Candidate

Abstract In this manuscript, the composite galaxy SDSS J103911-000057 (=SDSS J1039) is reported as a true Type-2 AGN candidate without hidden BLRs. Only narrow emission lines, not broad, detected in SDSS J1039 can be confirmed both by the F-test technique and by the expected broad emission lines with an EW smaller than 13.5 Å with a 99% confidence level. Meanwhile, a reliable AGN power-law component is preferred with a confidence level higher than 7σ in SDSS J1039. Furthermore, the long-term variability of SDSS J1039 from Catalina Sky Survey can be described by the DRW process with an intrinsic variability timescale τ ∼ 100 days, similar to normal quasars. And, based on BH mass in SDSS J1039 through the M BH–σ relation and on the correlation between AGN continuum luminosity and total Hα luminosity, the expected broad Hα, if there was one, could be reconstructed with a line width of about 300–1000 km s−1 and with a line flux of about 666 × 10−17 erg s−1 cm−2 under the virialization assumption to BLRs, providing robust evidence to reject the probability that the intrinsic probable broad Hα was overwhelmed by noises of the SDSS spectrum in SDSS J1039. Moreover, SDSS J1039 follows the same correlation between continuum luminosity and [O iii] line luminosity as the one for normal broad-line AGN, indicating SDSS J1039 classified as a changing-look AGN in the dim state can be ruled out. Therefore, under the current knowledge, SDSS J1039 is a better candidate for a true Type-2 AGN.

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Role of Glucose-Lowering Medications in Erectile Dysfunction

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10112501 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2501

Author(s):

Angelo Cignarelli ◽

Valentina Annamaria Genchi ◽

Rossella D’Oria ◽

Fiorella Giordano ◽

Irene Caruso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Erectile Dysfunction ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Smooth Muscle Contractility ◽

Glucose Lowering ◽

Glycation End Products ◽

Altered Metabolism

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a long-term complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D) widely known to affect the quality of life. Several aspects of altered metabolism in individuals with T2D may help to compromise the penile vasculature structure and functions, thus exacerbating the imbalance between smooth muscle contractility and relaxation. Among these, advanced glycation end-products and reactive oxygen species derived from a hyperglycaemic state are known to accelerate endothelial dysfunction by lowering nitric oxide bioavailability, the essential stimulus of relaxation. Although several studies have explained the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the generation of erectile failure, few studies to date have described the efficacy of glucose-lowering medications in the restoration of normal sexual activity. Herein, we will present current knowledge about the main starters of the pathophysiology of diabetic ED and explore the role of different anti-diabetes therapies in the potential remission of ED, highlighting specific pathways whose activation or inhibition could be fundamental for sexual care in a diabetes setting.

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Intestinal microbiota and their metabolic contribution to type 2 diabetes and obesity

Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders ◽

10.1007/s40200-021-00858-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A. L. Cunningham ◽

J. W. Stephens ◽

D. A. Harris

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Global Epidemic ◽

Technological Advances ◽

Diabetes And Obesity

AbstractObesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are common, chronic metabolic disorders with associated significant long-term health problems at global epidemic levels. It is recognised that gut microbiota play a central role in maintaining host homeostasis and through technological advances in both animal and human models it is becoming clear that gut microbiota are heavily involved in key pathophysiological roles in the aetiology and progression of both conditions. This review will focus on current knowledge regarding microbiota interactions with short chain fatty acids, the host inflammatory response, signaling pathways, integrity of the intestinal barrier, the interaction of the gut-brain axis and the subsequent impact on the metabolic health of the host.

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Long-term neurodevelopment in children born with esophageal atresia: a systematic review

Diseases of the Esophagus ◽

10.1093/dote/doab054 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Camille E van Hoorn ◽

Chantal A ten Kate ◽

Andre B Rietman ◽

Leontien C C Toussaint-Duyster ◽

Robert Jan Stolker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Development ◽

Motor Function ◽

Esophageal Atresia ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Neurodevelopmental Outcome ◽

Cognitive Outcome ◽

Term Outcome ◽

Long Term Outcome ◽

The One

Summary Background Although the survival rate of esophageal atresia (EA) has increased to over 90%, the risk of functional long-term neurodevelopmental deficits is uncertain. Studies on long-term outcomes of children with EA show conflicting results. Therefore, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the long-term neurodevelopmental outcome of children with EA. Methods We performed a structured literature search in Embase, Medline Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google scholar on November 8, 2020 with the keywords ‘esophageal atresia’, ‘long-term outcome’, ‘motor development’, ‘cognitive development’, and ‘neurodevelopment’. Results The initial search identified 945 studies, of which 15 were included. Five of these published outcomes of multiple tests or tested at multiple ages. Regarding infants, one of six studies found impaired neurodevelopment at 1 year of age. Regarding preschoolers, two of five studies found impaired neurodevelopment; the one study assessing cognitive development found normal cognitive outcome. Both studies on motor function reported impairment. Regarding school-agers, the one study on neurodevelopmental outcome reported impairment. Cognitive impairment was found in two out of four studies, and motor function was impaired in both studies studying motor function. Conclusions Long-term neurodevelopment of children born with EA has been assessed with various instruments, with contrasting results. Impairments were mostly found in motor function, but also in cognitive performance. Generally, the long-term outcome of these children is reason for concern. Structured, multidisciplinary long-term follow-up programs for children born with EA would allow to timely detect neurodevelopmental impairments and to intervene, if necessary.

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Environmental Surveillance for Poliovirus and Other Enteroviruses: Long-Term Experience in Moscow, Russian Federation, 2004–2017

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v11050424 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 424 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Olga E. Ivanova ◽

Maria S. Yarmolskaya ◽

Tatiana P. Eremeeva ◽

Galina M. Babkina ◽

Olga Y. Baykova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sewage Treatment ◽

Time Frame ◽

Environmental Surveillance ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Echovirus 30 ◽

Relative Value ◽

Afp Surveillance ◽

The One

Polio and enterovirus surveillance may include a number of approaches, including incidence-based observation, a sentinel physician system, environmental monitoring and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance. The relative value of these methods is widely debated. Here we summarized the results of 14 years of environmental surveillance at four sewage treatment plants of various capacities in Moscow, Russia. A total of 5450 samples were screened, yielding 1089 (20.0%) positive samples. There were 1168 viruses isolated including types 1–3 polioviruses (43%) and 29 different types of non-polio enteroviruses (51%). Despite using the same methodology, a significant variation in detection rates was observed between the treatment plants and within the same facility over time. The number of poliovirus isolates obtained from sewage was roughly 60 times higher than from AFP surveillance over the same time frame. All except one poliovirus isolate were Sabin-like polioviruses. The one isolate was vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 with 17.6% difference from the corresponding Sabin strain, suggesting long-term circulation outside the scope of the surveillance. For some non-polio enterovirus types (e.g., Echovirus 6) there was a good correlation between detection in sewage and incidence of clinical cases in a given year, while other types (e.g., Echovirus 30) could cause large outbreaks and be almost absent in sewage samples. Therefore, sewage monitoring can be an important part of enterovirus surveillance, but cannot substitute other approaches.

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Surgically benign recovery and histopathologically malignant transformation of a gliomatosis cerebri after radiotherapy: natural course or an unpredictable desired effect?

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20174902 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (11) ◽

pp. 3760

Author(s):

Ihsan Dogan ◽

Atilla Erdem ◽

Eyyub S. M. Al-Beyati ◽

Onur Ozgural

Keyword(s):

Current Knowledge ◽

Gliomatosis Cerebri ◽

Small Subset ◽

Surgical Removal ◽

Term Survival ◽

Underlying Causes ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Infiltrative Growth Pattern

Gliomatosis cerebri is a rare primary glial neoplasm of the central nervous system characterized by excessive involvement of the brain tissue. Dispersion and infiltrative growth pattern of this insidious pathology limit the utility of total surgical removal and are underlying causes of its poor prognosis. Furthermore, unresponsiveness of gliomatosis cerebri to radiotherapy and its classification as high grade or type 2 is reportedly associated with poor long-term survival. Contrary to our current knowledge, we report the case of a 54-year-old male who was diagnosed with gliomatosis cerebri. He presented with an exceptional clinical and pathological course and poor prognostic factors but was successfully treated with total surgical resection after radiotherapy. The present case findings indicate the potential utility of surgery, usually underestimated, as a curative treatment for gliomatosis cerebri. Clinicians should be aware of negative predictive factors that may help identify a small subset of patients suitable for total surgical tumor removal, as in the present case.

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Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Liver and Gut: From Current Knowledge to Future Perspectives

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20081896 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (8) ◽

pp. 1896

Author(s):

Aaron Ochel ◽

Gisa Tiegs ◽

Katrin Neumann

Keyword(s):

Current Knowledge ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Innate Lymphoid Cells ◽

Lymphoid Cells ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Antigen Receptors ◽

Nutrient Metabolism ◽

The One ◽

Interleukin 25

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) represent a heterogeneous population of recently discovered immune cells that mirror the functions of adaptive T lymphocytes. However, ILCs are devoid of specific antigen receptors and cellular activation depends on environmental cytokines, rendering them as early regulators of immune responses. Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) respond to alarmins, such as interleukin-25 and -33 and shape Th2-associated immunity by expressing IL-5 and IL-13 in a GATA3-dependent manner. In addition, ILC2s express the epidermal growth factor-like molecule Amphiregulin thereby promoting regeneration of injured tissue during inflammation. The gut and liver confer nutrient metabolism and bidirectional exchange of products, known as the gut-liver axis. Accordingly, both organs are continuously exposed to a large variety of harmless antigens. This requires avoidance of immunity, which is established by a tolerogenic environment in the gut and liver. However, dysregulations within the one organ are assumed to influence vitality of the other and frequently promote chronic inflammatory settings with poor prognosis. Intensive research within the last years has revealed that ILC2s are involved in acute and chronic inflammatory settings of gut and liver. Here, we highlight the roles of ILC2s in intestinal and hepatic inflammation and discuss a regulatory potential.

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Methods to homogenize ECC ozonesonde measurements across changes in sensing solution concentration or ozonesonde manufacturer

10.5194/amt-2016-415 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Terry Deshler ◽

Rene Stübi ◽

Francis J. Schmidlin ◽

Jennifer L. Mercer ◽

Herman G. J. Smit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transfer Functions ◽

Electrochemical Cell ◽

Solution Concentration ◽

Solution Composition ◽

Single Sensor ◽

The One ◽

Simple Ratio ◽

Comparison Data

Abstract. From the mid 1990s to the late 2000s the consistency of electrochemical cell ozonesonde long term records has been compromised by differences in manufacturers, Science Pump and ENSCI, and differences in recommended sensor solution concentrations, 1.0 % potassium iodide (KI) and the one half dilution 0.5 %. To investigate these differences a number of organizations independently undertook comparisons of the various ozonesonde types and solution concentrations, resulting in 197 ozonesonde comparison profiles. The goal is to derive transfer functions to allow measurements outside of standard recommendations, for sensor composition and ozonesonde type, to be converted to a standard measurement and thus homogenize the data to the expected accuracy of 5 % (10 %) in the stratosphere (troposphere). Subsets of these data have been analyzed previously and intermediate transfer functions derived. Here all the comparison data are analyzed to compare: 1) differences in sensor solution composition for a single ozonesonde type, 2) differences in ozonesonde type for a single sensor solution composition and 3) the manufacturer’s recommendations of 1.0 % KI solution for Science Pump and 0.5 % KI for ENSCI. From the recommendations it is clear that ENSCI ozonesondes and 1.0 % KI solution result in higher amounts of ozone sensed. The results indicate that differences in solution composition and in ozonesonde type display little pressure dependence at pressures ≥ 30 hPa and thus the transfer function can be characterized as a simple ratio of the less sensitive to the more sensitive method. This ratio is 0.96 for both solution concentration and ozonesonde type. The ratios differ at pressures

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Insights Into the Physiology of C-peptide

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.934519 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. S237-S243

Author(s):

D. VEJRAZKOVA ◽

M. VANKOVA ◽

P. LUKASOVA ◽

J. VCELAK ◽

B. BENDLOVA

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Target Tissue ◽

C Peptide ◽

Term Monitoring

Current knowledge suggests a complex role of C-peptide in human physiology, but its mechanism of action is only partially understood. The effects of C-peptide appear to be variable depending on the target tissue, physiological environment, its combination with other bioactive molecules such as insulin, or depending on its concentration. It is apparent that C-peptide has therapeutic potential for the treatment of vascular and nervous damage caused by type 1 or late type 2 diabetes mellitus. The question remains whether the effect is mediated by the receptor, the existence of which is still uncertain, or whether an alternative non-receptor-mediated mechanism is responsible. The Institute of Endocrinology in Prague has been paying much attention to the issue of C-peptide and its metabolic effect since the 1980s. The RIA methodology of human C-peptide determination was introduced here and transferred to commercial production. By long-term monitoring of C-peptide oGTT-derived indices, the Institute has contributed to elucidating the pathophysiology of glucose tolerance disorders. This review summarizes the current knowledge of C-peptide physiology and highlights the contributions of the Institute of Endocrinology to this issue.

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Long-term Cyclic Variations of Prominences, Green and Red Coronae over Solar Cycles

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100064496 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 179 ◽

pp. 201-204

Author(s):

Vojtech Rušin ◽

Milan Minarovjech ◽

Milan Rybanský

Keyword(s):

Emission Lines ◽

High Latitudes ◽

Green Line ◽

Solar Cycles ◽

The South ◽

Coronal Emission ◽

Local Maxima ◽

The North ◽

Cyclic Variations

AbstractLong-term cyclic variations in the distribution of prominences and intensities of green (530.3 nm) and red (637.4 nm) coronal emission lines over solar cycles 18–23 are presented. Polar prominence branches will reach the poles at different epochs in cycle 23: the north branch at the beginning in 2002 and the south branch a year later (2003), respectively. The local maxima of intensities in the green line show both poleward- and equatorward-migrating branches. The poleward branches will reach the poles around cycle maxima like prominences, while the equatorward branches show a duration of 18 years and will end in cycle minima (2007). The red corona shows mostly equatorward branches. The possibility that these branches begin to develop at high latitudes in the preceding cycles cannot be excluded.

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