scholarly journals Developing countries: health round-trip

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 020-028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourdes Moreno Cea ◽  
Virginia Fernández Espinilla ◽  
Gema Ruíz López del Prado ◽  
Cristina Hernán García ◽  
Javier Cepeda Casado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Travel Medicine ◽  
Medical Practitioner ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Round Trip ◽  
Risk Of Exposure

International travel can pose various risks to health, depending both on the health needs of the traveller and on the type of travel to be undertaken. Travellers intending to visit a destination in a developing country should consult a travel medicine clinic or medical practitioner before the journey. General precautions can greatly reduce the risk of exposure to infectious agents. Vaccination is a highly effective method of preventing certain infectious diseases. The aim of this study is to know the risks involved and the best way to prevent them.

scholarly journals Culture proven Salmonella typhi co-infection in a child with Dengue fever: a case report

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (09) ◽  
pp. 1033-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rangan Srinivasaraghavan ◽  
Parameswaran Narayanan ◽  
Thandapani Kanimozhi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Dengue Outbreak ◽  
Concurrent Infections

Infectious diseases are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Sometimes concurrent infections with multiple infectious agents may occur in one patient, which make the diagnosis and management a challenging task. The authors here present a case of co-infection of typhoid fever with dengue fever in a ten-year-old child and discuss the pertinent issues. The authors emphasize that the risk factors predicting the presence of such co-infections, if developed, will be immensely useful in areas where dengue outbreak occurs in the background of high transmission of endemic infections.

Travel Medicine

2012 ◽  
pp. 495-515
Author(s):  
Abinash Virk
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Travel Medicine ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Altitude Sickness ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Vein

Travel between developing countries and developed countries is increasing every year. Approximately 880 million passengers arrived at international airports in 2009. The increase in travel to Africa has outpaced the increase for all other regions by almost twice, with the rate of growth reaching 8.1% in 2006. Asian and Pacific Rim countries continue to hold substantial travel interest. Travel to the Middle East has kept pace with travel growth despite the political instability there. More people are traveling to destinations that present higher risks of infectious diseases. Knowledge of prevention measures for preventable diseases becomes increasingly important. Management of posttravel illness becomes increasingly important. Subjects covered include preparation for travel, deep vein thrombosis prevention, motion sickness, jet lag, altitude sickness, vaccination and immunization, and traveler's diarrhea.

Maximizing Utility vis-à-vis Developing Countries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Blodgett Bermeo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
The Government ◽  
Development Outcomes

This chapter develops a formal model of targeted development. It starts from the assumption that governments in industrialized states seek to maximize their own utility in interactions with developing countries. Development concerns compete with other policy goals for scarce government resources. The level of development resources an industrialized country government targets to a particular developing country depends on the weight the government places on development in that country as well as the efficiency of the country in turning resources into development outcomes that the industrialized state values. One of the key insights of the model is that, as governments work to maximize the utility gained per dollar (or euro, yen, etc.) spent, development motives will influence policy in multiple issue areas. The chapter also draws out implications of the theory for each of the issue areas examined in the empirical chapters.

Liberal development, 1925–46

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Toye
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Trade Protection ◽  
Communist Country ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Government Finance ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Experimental Economic

Keynes’s writings are often disregarded in the context of economic development, overlooking that Russia was a developing country in his lifetime. He wrote about the experimental economic techniques that the Soviet government employed. He visited Russia three times and wrote A Short View of Russia in which he explained and criticized Bolsheviks’ policy of export and import monopolies, an overvalued exchange rate, inflationary government finance, and the subsidization of industry. These were policies that many developing countries adopted after decolonization. Keynes’s conclusion was that they were inefficient and that ‘bourgeois economics was valid in a communist country’. Did Keynes change his mind in the 1930s? If anything, he grew more harshly critical of Soviet economic policies and carefully distinguished them from his own endorsement of moderate trade protection and government supplementary investment in times of depression.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Polypharmacy and Risks of Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in the Older Population in a Developing Country: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula ◽  
Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes ◽  
Daniela Fialova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inappropriate Medication ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Potentially Inappropriate Medication ◽  
Older Population

<b><i>Background and Aim:</i></b> Polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use in older populations (65+ years) have not yet been investigated by meta-analyses in developing countries. This systematic literature review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the prevalence of polypharmacy and PIM use and major risk factors associated with PIM prescribing in older adults in Ethiopia. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases to identify relevant studies published between January 1990 and October 2020. Observational studies reporting the prevalence and association of risk factors with polypharmacy and PIM use in the older population were meta-analyzed. A multilevel meta-analysis was conducted to pool the prevalence estimates, and the risk of PIM use was reported as a relative risk (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). <b><i>Results:</i></b> We identified by systematic literature review 404 articles. Of those, 8 studies fulfilled inclusion criteria, comprising a total sample of 2,608 participants. The overall prevalence of polypharmacy and PIM use pooled by meta-analysis in the Ethiopian older population was 33 and 37%, respectively. The risk factors of PIM use were analyzed in the meta-analysis (particularly polymorbidity, polypharmacy, gender, and older age), and only older age of 65+ (RR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.16–2.51) was significantly associated with PIM use. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This first meta-analysis from a developing country revealed a high prevalence of polypharmacy and PIM use in the Ethiopian older population. There was no awareness about the risk of PIMs in patients with polypharmacy and polymorbidity, and older age significantly predicted PIM use. Interventions ensuring rational geriatric pharmacotherapy are essential in developing countries in order to reduce the expected burden of PIM-related geriatric morbidity, higher costs, and mortality.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the migration intention of dental and medical graduates in developing countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Hajian ◽  
M H Khoshnevisan ◽  
S h Yazdani ◽  
M P Jadidfard
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
English Language ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Migration Decisions ◽  
Push And Pull

Abstract Background Migration of skilled health workers could result in shortage of human resources and rising inequalities in service provision in source countries. To date, most of relevant papers are focused on rate and reasons of migration while the need for conducting studies on modelling of factors is more vividly felt. The aim of this review was to determine the factors influencing the migration decisions of medical and dental graduates migrating from developing countries and to introduce a practical conceptual framework for health worker migration. Methods Electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar and relevant Journals were systematically searched for English language publications from January 2009 to April 2019. The inclusion criteria were: 1) article stated factors affecting migration decisions of medical doctors and/or dentists, 2) the source country in the study was a developing country, 3) participants’ primary qualification country was in a developing country,4) the study used primary data both qualitative or quantitative. Results The search identified 814 articles from which we included 23 full-text studies after applying eligibility checklist. Push and pull theory was the most popular model to describe the migration driving factors. Poor socio-economic situation, political instability, lack of professional and educational opportunities together with family concerns found as strong common push factors that perpetuate migration. The most influencing pull factors were desire for better quality of life, career and training opportunities and financial gain. Conclusions Despite the fact that health workers migrate for different reasons, they follow a same route for decision to stay or leave their own countries. Un-fulfillment of expectations in mother land in addition to media reconstructed reality of life in foreign land can develop a positive attitude for migration Which should be considered before weighing up the push and pull factors of both sides. Key messages A better understanding of the migration motives of health professionals will help health authorities to improve their workforce recruitment and retention strategies and health service planning. Our simple yet comprehensive framework can mainly identify the development of migration desire through combining different models and concepts of migration, behavioral change, values, needs and so on.

DOES TRUST PROMOTE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY?

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (05) ◽  
pp. 1385-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
KITAE SOHN ◽  
ILLOONG KWON
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

Trust was found to promote entrepreneurship in the US. We investigated whether this was true in a developing country, Indonesia. We failed to replicate this; this failure was true whether trust was estimated at the individual or community level or whether ordinary least squares (OLS) or two stage least squares (2SLS) was employed. We reconciled the difference between our results and those for the US by arguing that the weak enforcement of property rights in developing countries and the consequent hold-up problem make it more efficient for entrepreneurs to produce generic goods than relationship-specific goods—producing generic goods does not depend on trust.

New glycine derived peptides bearing benzenesulphonamide as an antiplasmodial agent

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 3660-3674
Author(s):  
Daniel Izuchukwu Ugwuja ◽  
Uchechukwu Okoro ◽  
Shubhanji Soman ◽  
Akachukwu Ibezim ◽  
David Ugwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Antimalarial Drug ◽  
The Tropics

In the tropics, malaria is among the most serious infectious diseases in developing countries. The discovery of the artemesinin antimalarial drug not too long ago was a major breakthrough in the effort to combat the malaria disease.

scholarly journals BRUCELLAR UVEITIS IN EASTERN INDIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Anindita Sen ◽  
Parthajit Banerjee ◽  
Devarati Dutta ◽  
Manas Pal ◽  
Atanu Ray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Brucella Infection ◽  
One Year

Objective: Brucellosis- one of the major zoonotic diseases, still remains an uncontrolled problem, in regions of high endemicity. Ophthalmic brucellosis is not studied and overlooked in most developing countries.  Considering the severe outcome of undiagnosed ophthalmic brucellosis, in this paper we made attempts to find out whether this disease still remains a health problem in a South East Asian developing country, where study of this disease is largely neglected.  Methods This study was carried out over a one year period from January 2015 to December 2015. Blood samples were collected from clinically confirmed cases of uveitis and they were subjected to five serological and one genus specific molecular investigations, for the detection of Brucella infection.Results Out of 20 uveitis cases, 4 (20%) cases confirmed as brucellar uveitis, by serological tests followed by PCR confirmation. After treatment of brucellosis all the four patients were recovered uneventfully.Conclusion: Brucella infection involving the eye is still a significant problem in South East Asian countries; hence in all uveitis cases in this reason brucellosis should be excluded by available laboratory tests.Government of India (Dept. of Biotechnology the major zoonotic diseases, still remains an uncontrolled problem, in regions of high endemicity. Ophthalmic brucellosis is not studied and overlooked in most developing countries.  Considering the severe outcome of undiagnosed ophthalmic brucellosis, in this paper we made attempts to find out whether this disease still remains a health problem in a South East Asian developing country, where study of this disease is largely neglected.   Methods This study was carried out over a one year period from January 2015 to December 2015. Blood samples were collected from clinically confirmed cases of uveitis and they were subjected to five serological and one genus specific molecular investigations, for the detection of Brucella infection.Results Out of 20 uveitis cases, 4 (20%) cases confirmed as brucellar uveitis, by serological tests followed by PCR confirmation. After treatment of brucellosis all the four patients were recovered uneventfully.Conclusion: Brucella infection involving the eye is still a significant problem in South East Asian countries; hence in all uveitis cases in this reason brucellosis should be excluded by available laboratory tests.

Canadian Training for Residents from Developing Countries

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Recent Period ◽  
Return Home

In an effort to explore the relevance of Western methods of training and treatment for foreign residents coming to the McGill training network, a directory follow-up was made of the graduates of 1958–63, and of the two years 1966 and 1967. Results showed that less than one fifth went to a developing country. When the sample was narrowed to those who came from developing countries it was found that one third went home in the earlier period and one quarter in the most recent period. These figures, rough as they are, show that some students do return home but that a great number remain away, probably because of inadequate support. Further study is needed, and should cover other health specialties as well.

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