Longitudinal Data on Social Structure and Personality, Based on Interviews With a Random Sample of Men and Women Living in the Urban Areas of Ukraine in 1992-1993, and Re-interviews With a Subsample in 1996

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Men And Women

Differential Aging: An Exploratory Approach Using Cluster Analysis

1984 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Ford ◽  
Rex Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Aging Well ◽  
Well Elderly ◽  
Over Time

This article uses cluster analysis to identify different patterns of personal resources within a random sample of the well, elderly population. Ten such patterns or natural groupings are identified and their implications for coping and successful aging are discussed. It is apparent that there are a number of ways both of aging well and aging badly, and that these patterns cannot be predicted solely on the basis of structural data. The article poses a number of questions on the performance of cluster members over time and draws attention to the importance of longitudinal data.

scholarly journals Social Participation and Functional Decline: A Comparative Study of Rural and Urban Older People, Using Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study Longitudinal Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazushige Ide ◽  
Taishi Tsuji ◽  
Satoru Kanamori ◽  
Seungwon Jeong ◽  
Yuiko Nagamine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Older People ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Rural And Urban

This study compared the relationship between social participation, including work, and incidence of functional decline in rural and urban older people in Japan, by focusing on the number and types of organizations older people participated in. The longitudinal data of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) that followed 55,243 individuals aged 65 years or older for six years were used. The Cox proportional hazards model was employed to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) of the incidence of functional decline over six years and the stratification of rural and urban settings. In this model, we adjusted 13 variables as behavioral, psychosocial, and functional confounders. The more rural and urban older people participated in various organizations, the more they were protected from functional decline. Participation in sports (HR: rural = 0.79; urban = 0.83), hobby groups (HR: rural = 0.76; urban = 0.90), and work (HR: rural = 0.83; urban = 0.80) significantly protected against the incidence of decline in both rural and urban areas. For both rural and urban older people, promoting social participation, such as sports and hobby groups and employment support, seemed to be an important aspect of public health policies that would prevent functional decline.

scholarly journals Legal protection for women environmental activists in urban areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 00048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien Handayani Nafi ◽  
Ratih Lestarini ◽  
Inayati ◽  
Tirtawening ◽  
Succi Wulandhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Long Time ◽  
High Sense

Men and women have equal rights, duties, and degrees in protecting and fighting for the rights of environment. However, in fact, it is men who dominate most conservation and environmental management activities. Even though, women’s roles in environmental conservation activities are also no less great than men’s given their high sense of empathy and care for the environment. This makes women taking more actions to protect the environment itself, but they often get so many threats, physical harass, even murder threats from those who feel threatened by their actions; and it already happened for a long time, and it still does until now. This should be overcome as soon as possible to prevent more women be the next victim. This research used SWOT analysis to determine the strategies for protecting women environmental activists in urban areas. The SWOT calculation results indicate that there is a need for progressive rules in guaranteeing women’s rights so as to be able to engage in the process of environmental conservation in their respective regions.

scholarly journals Comparison of Metabolic Risk Factors for Liver Cancer Among Men and Women in Guatemala

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10s-11s ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Rivera-Andrade ◽  
Maria Fernanda Kroker-Lobos ◽  
Mariana Lazo ◽  
Neal Freedman ◽  
John Groopman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Men And Women

Abstract 13 Background: The proportion of liver cancer (LC) that is linked to metabolic risk factors has been increasing in many countries. Guatemala has the highest reported incidence of LC in the Americas, 1 but the prevalence of metabolic risk factors is not clear. We undertook this work to examine the prevalence of metabolic risk factors for LC in Guatemala by sex and residence. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 461 adults older than 40 years who resided in rural and urban areas. Risk factors were defined by using physical exam and laboratory data, including anthropometry, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, serum liver enzymes, and lipids. Fatty liver disease (FLD) was defined as a fatty liver index score of > 60 and liver fibrosis (LF) as defined by a FIB-4 score of > 2.67. 2 , 3 Results: Among participants, 66% resided in rural areas and 57% were women. Mean ages of men and women were 58.0 ± 11.3 and 53.4 ± 9.8 years, respectively. Compared with men, women had higher prevalence of obesity (15% v 41%; P ≤ .001), metabolic syndrome (46% v 74%; P < .001), and FLD (67% v 52%; P < .001), but not LF (6% v 4%; P = .238). Compared with men and women from rural areas, those from urban areas had higher prevalence of diabetes (10% v 27%; P = .002; and 14% v 32%; P < .001) FLD (42% v 67%; P < .001; and 59% v 79%; P < .001), and metabolic syndrome (37% v 58%; P = .005; and 69% v 81%; P = .032), respectively. There was no difference in prevalence of LF by area among either men (6% v 6%; P = .86) or women (3% v 4%; P = .75). Conclusion: This study highlights a high prevalence of metabolic risk factors for LC in Guatemala, especially among women in urban areas. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Alvaro Rivera-Andrade No relationship to disclose Maria Fernanda Kroker-Lobos No relationship to disclose Mariana Lazo No relationship to disclose Neal Freedman No relationship to disclose John Groopman No relationship to disclose Eliseo Guallar No relationship to disclose Carlos Mendoza-Montano No relationship to disclose Katherine McGlynn No relationship to disclose Josh Smith Research Funding: Abbott Nutrition Manuel Ramirez-Zea No relationship to disclose

Adolescent social structure and the spread of linguistic change

1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope Eckert
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Sound Change ◽  
Phonological Variation ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Socioeconomic Class ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Social Network Structure ◽  
Age Cohort

ABSTRACTDetailed participant observation among Detroit area adolescents provides explanations for the mechanisms of the spread of sound change outward from urban areas and upward through the socioeconomic hierarchy. The use of local phonological variables in adolescence is determined by a social structure within the age cohort, dominated by two opposed, and frequently polarized, school-based social categories. These categories, called “Jocks” and “Burnouts” in the school under study, embody middle-class and working-class cultures respectively, and articulate adolescent social structure with adult socioeconomic class. Differences between Jock and Burnout cultures entail differences in social network structure and in orientation to the urban area, and hence to urban sound changes. Parents' socioeconomic class is related to, but does not determine, category affiliation, and while category affiliation is a significant predictor in phonological variation, parents' socioeconomic class is not. (Variation, sound change, adolescents, urban dialects, suburban dialects, schools)

Social Structure and Political Participation: Developmental Relationships, Part I

1969 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman H. Nie ◽  
G. Bingham Powell ◽  
Kenneth Prewitt
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Political Life ◽  
General Level ◽  
Political Activities

Economic development has consequences for many aspects of social life. Some of these social consequences, in turn, have an impact on a nation's political life. Studies of social mobilization, for example, have demonstrated that economic development is associated with sharp increases in the general level of political participation. These studies report strong relationships between aggregate socio-economic measures such as per capita income, median level of education, and percentage of the population in urban areas, on one hand, and aggregate measures of political participation, such as voting turnout, on the other. Simultaneously, scholars conducting surveys of individual political participation consistently have reported that an individual's social status, education, and organizational memberships strongly affect the likelihood of his engaging in various types of political activities.In spite of the consistency of both sets of findings across many studies and although the findings appear frequently in analysis of political stability, democracy, and even strategies of political growth, we know little about the connections between social structure and political participation. With few exceptions the literature on individual participation is notable for low level generalizations (the better educated citizen talks about politics more regularly), and the absence of systematic and comprehensive theory. While the literature on the growth of national political participation has been more elaborate theoretically, the dependence on aggregate measures has made it difficult to determine empirically how these macro social changes structure individuals' life experiences in ways which alter their political behavior.

Social Structure and Intergroup Interaction: Men and Women of the Federal Bureaucracy

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott J. South ◽  
Charles M. Bonjean ◽  
William T. Markham ◽  
Judy Corder
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Intergroup Interaction ◽  
Federal Bureaucracy

The Living Arrangements of Older Residents: The Role of Gender, Marital Status, Age, and Family Size

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Connidis ◽  
Judith Rempel
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Respondent Characteristic

ABSTRACTThis paper reports findings from a study of 400 community-dwelling persons aged 65 and over. The stratified random sample resides in a city in Ontario, Canada, with a population of 260,000. A profile of their living arrangements is presented and then analysed with respect to respondent characteristics. Each of gender, marital status, and age are related to living arrangements at statistically significant levels, but control analyses indicate that gender is the most salient respondent characteristic. The authors argue that these observed gender differences in living arrangements are a reflection of sex role differences in today's older population. To the extent that these roles change, so too will the living arrangements of men and women. For both the present and future, differences by gender must be taken into account in housing and income policies.

The influence of education and income on responses to the QuickDASH questionnaire

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Finsen
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The Mean

We studied the influence of levels of income and education on QuickDASH scores. The scores were collected in a random sample of 1376 residents of Norway. The level of income was divided into four bands and level of education into five bands. The mean QuickDASH score for both men and women fell with every increase in education and income level. For women the mean score was 30 for those with the shortest education and 9 for those with the longest ( p < 0.001). The corresponding figures for men were 19 and 7 ( p < 0.01). The women with the lowest level of income had a mean score of 23, compared with 8 for women with the highest income level ( p < 0.001). For men the corresponding mean scores were 20 and 5 ( p < 0.001). Analysis of variance showed that age alone accounted for 16% of the variability of the scores among women and 7% among men. When levels of education and income were added to the analysis, these three factors accounted for 21% of the variability among women and 13% among men. We conclude that socioeconomic factors significantly influence QuickDASH scores. Level of evidence: 3

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