BACKGROUND
Wide usage of mobile applications (apps) has created new possibilities in social anxiety education and treatment. Anecdotally, people are more comfortable in using psycho-educational apps than attending initial psychotherapy sessions. However, the quality of social anxiety apps for smartphones and tablets remains unclear, making it difficult for people in the community to choose appropriate apps to use. Academic literature regarding the content, empirical evidence, and quality of these apps is scarce.
OBJECTIVE
To 1) identify the psycho-educational social anxiety apps in the most popular Australian app stores; 2) report the descriptive and technical information provided in apps exclusively for social anxiety; 3) evaluate app quality; and 4) identify whether any apps would be appropriate for people to use.
METHODS
This systematic stepwise review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards, and entailed: 1) systematically searching for, identifying, and selecting apps in the Australian Apple App and Google Play Stores; 2) downloading, using, and reviewing identified apps; 3) reporting technical and descriptive information in the app stores and individual apps; 4) evaluating app quality; and 5) deciding whether to recommend using the apps.
RESULTS
Initially, 1,043 apps were identified in the app stores containing the keywords 'social anxiety', 'social phobia', or 'shyness' in app names or descriptions. Of those, 12 were evaluated (3 iOS apps and 9 Android apps). At the time of evaluation, apps were compatible with smartphones and tablet devices. Nine were free to download from the app stores and three were priced between $3.99 and $5.00 Australian Dollars. Three apps were developed for treatment purposes, three provided supportive resources, one was intended for self-assessment, and the remaining five were designed for multiple purposes. At the time of download, app store ratings were available for five apps. Overall app quality was acceptable. Based on the ‘App Quality Rating Sub-Scale’ of the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) (Sections A–D), apps functioned well in performance, ease of use, navigation, and gestural design. However, those outcomes were less favorable when apps were rated using the MARS ‘App Subjective Quality Sub-Scale’ (Section E).
CONCLUSIONS
Psycho-educational social anxiety apps may be beneficial for people with social anxiety, health professionals, and others in the community. However, given no apps reviewed appeared to contain empirical information or were clinically effective in managing social anxiety, we do not recommend their use. App accessibility could be improved by developing more apps which are free to download and available for a wider range of operating systems, both between and within countries/regions. Information, communication and technology professionals should collaborate with academics and mental health clinicians to develop apps that contain current information.