Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG can protect malnourished children

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Kara ◽  
B. Volkan ◽  
I. Erten
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Malnutrition affects virtually all organ systems, and malnourished children are more prone to infections. These children have dysbiosis, but probiotics can restore the disrupted gut microbiome. We investigated the protective effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in malnourished children in terms of incidence of infection, and anthropometric and metabolic parameters. 50 intervention and 50 control patients, aged 6 months to 5 years, with body weight and height below -2 SD, were randomly and prospectively recruited. The controls received a calorie and protein-appropriate diet for 3 months, while the study group additionally received approximately 109 L. rhamnosus GG for 3 months. Infection episodes and nutritional status were compared between the groups. 38 intervention, 33 control patients completed the study and the two groups were similar at baseline. The study group had fewer upper respiratory tract infections and gastroenteritis episodes at each month and at the end of the study. Children in the study group experienced fewer total upper respiratory infections and urinary tract infections. Hospitalisation was more frequent in the control group during the third month and at the end of the study. Total infection numbers were higher in the control group at each month and at the end of the study (P<0.001 for each). Increments in body mass index (BMI) and BMI Z-scores were more pronounced in the study group (P=0.008 and P=0.02, respectively). Daily prophylactic use of L. rhamnosus GG at 109 bacteria in malnourished children prevents most infections and improves nutritional status when used together with appropriate diet.

scholarly journals A role of oropharyngeal microbiota in developing acute and chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-367
Author(s):  
I. I. Ababii ◽  
L. A. Danilov ◽  
M. K. Maniuc ◽  
P. I. Ababii ◽  
S. S. Ghinda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Chronic Tonsillitis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Currently, a rise in incidence of polyethological inflammation of the upper respiratory tract mucosa paralleled by altered resident and transient microbiota displaying in many cases increased antibiotic resistance has been noted. Opportunistic microbes play a major role in developing inflammatory process in Pirogov–Waldeyer’s ring. An inflammatory process occurring in the tonsillar lymphatic tissue results in host systemic complications. Fighting against acute and chronic infections of the upper respiratory tract holds the main task in pediatric otorhinolaryngology, as they can consequently elicit the cardiovascular, genitourinary and musculoskeletal complications. The results of studies examining this issue remain very contradictory, which accounted for a need to conduct our study on the territory of Moldova featured with mixed climatic conditions. Here, we wanted to study a role of microbial factor in etiopathogenesis of chronic tonsillitis in children. Bacteriological microbiota data for superficial palatine tonsils were obtained form 608 children subdivided into 5 groups: group I — 333 children with compensated chronic tonsillitis; group II — 87 children with decompensated chronic tonsillitis; group III — 91 children with acute upper respiratory tract infections (comparison group); group IV — 48 children with acute upper respiratory tract infections treated with antibiotic therapy; group V — 49 apparently healthy children (control group). It was found that β-hemolytic streptococcus exerting high sensitivity to virtually all antibiotics groups was detected in 17.4% of children with acute tonsilar inflammatory processes and decompensated defense in the lymphatic pharyngeal ring compared to 3.5% in control group. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated in all study groups ranging within 4.8–21.7%, including 14% in apparently healthy children characterized by reduced antibiotics sensitivity. The data obtained suggest that sickly children with acute and chronic upper respiratory tract infections constitute a risk group for developing somatic diseases. The high incidence of Streptococcus pneumoniae indicates a need for performing immunoprophylaxis, use of therapeutic vaccination as a up-to-date, combined approach in treatment of such pediatric cohort.

scholarly journals The influence of a dietary advice on recurrent upper respiratory tract infections in children: a randomized controlled trial.

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen van der Gaag ◽  
Ruben Brandsema ◽  
Job van der Palen ◽  
Thalia Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Supportive Care ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractIntroductionSince there is no treatment for children suffering from upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) without immunological disorders, we searched for a possible tool to improve the health of these children.We evaluated whether a dietary advice including standard supportive care, can decrease the number and duration of URTI compared to standard supportive care in children aged 1–4 years with recurrent URTI.Material and MethodsDesign: A multicenter randomized controlled trial, with an intervention group receiving the dietary advice plus standard supportive care and a control group receiving standard supportive care alone.Setting: 3 Outpatient clinics in The Netherlands (urban and rural).Patients: 118 Children aged 1–4 years with recurrent URTIs.Intervention: A dietary advice consisting of five times per week green vegetables, 3 times per week beef, 300 mL whole milk per day, whole dairy butter on bread every day. Portion sizes are age appropriate. The intervention lasted for 6 months.ResultsChildren in the intervention group had 4.8 (1.6–9.5) days per month with symptoms of an URTI in the last three months of the study, compared to 7.7 (4.0–12.3) in the control group (p = 0.03). The total number of URTIs during the study period of 6 months was 5,7 (± 0,55) versus 6.8 (± 0,49) respectively (p = 0.068). Total use of antibiotics was markedly reduced in the intervention group (p = 0.034), as well as the visits to the general practitioner (p = 0.031), therefore possibly reducing healthcare costs.No adverse effects were observed in the lipid profiles, nor in growth parameters (weight, height, BMI).Discussion and conclusionsThis study shows a reduced number of days with symptoms of an URTI following a dietary advice consisting of green vegetables, beef and whole diary products. It did not significantly lower the number of infections. No adverse effects were observed.RegistrationThis trial is registered in the Dutch Trial Register, NTR4898, www.trialregister.nl.

scholarly journals Treatment of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Primary Care: A Randomized Study Using Aromatic Herbs

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eran Ben-Arye ◽  
Nativ Dudai ◽  
Anat Eini ◽  
Moshe Torem ◽  
Elad Schiff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

This study is a prospective randomized double-blind controlled trial whose aim was to investigate the clinical effects of aromatic essential oils in patients with upper respiratory tract infections. The trial was conducted in six primary care clinics in northern Israel. A spray containing aromatic essential oils of five plants (Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus globulus, Mentha piperita, Origanum syriacum,andRosmarinus officinalis)as applied 5 times a day for 3 days and compared with a placebo spray. The main outcome measure was patient assessment of the change in severity of the most debilitating symptom (sore throat, hoarseness or cough). Sixty patients participated in the study (26 in the study group and 34 in the control group). Intention-to-treat analysis showed that 20 minutes following the spray use, participants in the study group reported a greater improvement in symptom severity compared to participants in the placebo group (). There was no difference in symptom severity between the two groups after 3 days of treatment (). In conclusion, spray application of five aromatic plants reported in this study brings about significant and immediate improvement in symptoms of upper respiratory ailment. This effect is not significant after 3 days of treatment.

scholarly journals Screening method for diagnosis of pharyngolaryngeal reflux

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-239
Author(s):  
Marina A. Ryabova ◽  
◽  
Natalia A. Shumilova ◽  
Liubov V. Georgieva ◽  
Artem V. Tishkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Ph Monitoring ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Patient Complaints ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Pharyngolaryngeal reflux (PLR) can cause the upper respiratory tract pathology. To diagnose PLR based on complaints is rather difficult, due to the absence of typical manifestations of reflux syndrome in some cases of the disease. The use of daily impedance pH monitoring of the esophagus is not always possible due to the invasiveness and unavailability of the method. The aim of the study was to develop an affordable non-invasive method for diagnosing PLR. The study group consisted of 48 patients with PLR proven by the results of impedance pH-monitoring. The control group consisted of 20 healthy patients. The “Pharyngolaryngeal reflux index” questionnaire was developed based on the analysis of patient complaints. The questionnaire was assessed using ROC analysis. Patients who scored 5.5 points according to the results of the questionnaire with a probability of 93.2% have PLR. Thus, a method for the diagnosis of PLR has been developed, including the simultaneous comparison of the laryngoscopic signs of PLR with the highest diagnostic sensitivity (hyperemia, edema, maceration of the interarytenoid mucosa) and “Pharyngolaryngeal reflux index” questionnaire results, which allows diagnosing of PLR.

scholarly journals ACTIVITY OF FREE RADICAL PROCESSES IN MIXED SALIVA OF PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana S. Gomel State Medical University, Gomel ◽  
Irina A. Novikova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Mixed Saliva

The study conducted a comprehensive assessment of the state of the pro-/antioxidant mixed saliva system of 64 healthy individuals and 85 patients with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections RIURT. At the same time, the determination of the parameters of pro-/antioxidant systems was carried out using two methods (photometric: the content of lipid peroxidation products and the level of ceruloplasmin and luminal-dependent chemiluminescence (LDHL) was determined, which allows assessing the complex interaction of two systems - prooxidants and antioxidants). Studies have demonstrated that most patients with RIURT during remission on individual components of prooxidants (diene conjugates, ketodienes, Schiff bases;), as well as saliva antioxidant (ADS: ceruloplasmin) levels were elevated compared to controls. At the same time, the LDHL saliva parameters did not go beyond the reference interval, although they were changed relative to the median of the control group. This allows us to consider the observed fluctuations as a balance in the system of pro- and antioxidants.

Comparison of the upper respiratory tract width at the level of the adenoid in patients with normal and abnormal breathing route

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Anna Duda ◽  
Wojciech Stós
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Abnormal Breathing ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
And Control

This study assesses the upper respiratory tract width at the level of the adenoid in patients with a normal (nasal) and abnormal (oral or mixed) breathing route. <b>Aim</b>. To compare the upper respiratory tract width in the study group (abnormal breathing route) and control group (normal breathing route) and to determine the cut-off point and mean limit values in order to conduct a differential diagnosis between a habitual and constitutional breathing route. <b>Material and methods</b>. The study included 221 patients treated at the Aquadent-Ortoestetyka Clinic in Kielce. Based on the medical history taken, clinical examination and subjective evaluation of the upper respiratory tract width according to Holmberg 112 patients were enrolled into the study group and 109 patients into the control group. The upper respiratory tract width was measured with two different linear methods: a modified method by Holmberg. and Linder-Aronson, and the Linder-Aronson and Henricson method (AD1-PNS, AD2-PNS).<b> Results</b>. In the study group the mean value of the Holmberg measurement is 4.25 mm, and in the control group – 14.1 mm. Mean values of AD1- PNS and AD2-PNS measurements in the study group are 8.1 mm and 9.5 mm, respectively, and they can be regarded as mean limit values. The 6 mm Holmberg measurement is the cut-off value between the study and control groups, and it should be monitored. In relation to the Holmberg measurement a difference between the study and control groups is 9.85 mm. Regarding AD1-PNS and AD2-PNS measurements a difference between the study and control groups is 11.4 mm and 10.0 mm, respectively.<b> Conclusions</b>. The upper respiratory tract width at the level of the adenoid shows a statistically significant difference between the study and control groups. It may indicate significant narrowing of the upper respiratory tract at the level of the adenoid in the study group or a different type of morphology of the facial skeleton. Limit values obtained in the study allow differentiation of a habitual and constitutional breathing route. <b>(Duda A, Stós W. Comparison of the upper respiratory tract width at the level of the adenoid in patients with normal and abnormal breathing route. Orthod Forum 2018; 14: 106-18)</b>.

scholarly journals The role of yogurt enriched with lactobacillus rhamnosus GG culture in dental caries prevention

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Isidora Neskovic ◽  
Aleksandra Maletin ◽  
Jelena Brakoc ◽  
Bojan Petrovic ◽  
Sanja Vujkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg

Introduction/Objective. Contemporary tendencies suggest that probiotics can significantly reduce the prevalence of caries in children, so it can be considered that they have a positive effect on general and oral health. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is a probiotic culture of particular importance in preventive dentistry. The aim was to assess the effects of consumption of probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on the dental plaque accumulation in children with mixed dentition. Methods. Research included 90 children with mixed dentition (5-12 years old). First study group consumed 200 ml of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG-enriched yogurt (B-Activ LGG, Dukat) daily for a period of 14 days, while the remaining 30 formed the second study group who consumed 200 ml of yogurt (Jogurt 1,5% milk fat, Imlek) with manually added powder from probiotic capsule (Wayaforte LGG capsule, Medis) daily for14 days. The control group consisted of 30 children who had regular diet during examination period. Silness-L?e plaque index and saliva pH (pH-Fix-0-14, Macherey-Nagel) were determined at baseline and also upon intervention completion. Results. An increase in pH values was observed in both study groups. In general sample, there is a significant decrease of mean plaque index values (p ? 0.001). Both study groups had significant decrease of mean plaque index values on the baseline and after 14 days consumption of yogurt. In the control group the number of subjects with decrease plaque index values did not correlate and no association was found. Conclusion. Consistent consumption of LGG culture-enriched yogurt inhibits dental film accumulation and promotes saliva pH increase in children with mixed dentition.

Assessment of the upper respiratory tract in patients eligible for treatment with transverse maxillary expansion

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Ewelina Dargiewicz ◽  
Izabela J. Szarmach ◽  
Magdalena Sawczuk
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Actual Length ◽  
Maxillary Hypoplasia ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Transverse maxillary hypoplasia may negatively affect respiration. Maxillary narrowing has to be treated early. An appliance for Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) is the most common method, and it aims to expand the skeletal base and maintain this width until a new bone has been formed to fill in the fissure. Aim. Comparison of the results of measurements of bone structures and of the upper airways on lateral teleroentgenograms of the head in patients with transverse maxillary hypoplasia and in patients with normal dimensions of the maxilla. Material and methods. The study was carried out in a group of 20 people with maxillary narrowing (10 girls and 10 boys) aged 7 to 10 years. The control group consisted of 20 lateral teleroentgenograms of patients (9 girls and 11 boys) of similar age treated for other malocclusions. The structures of the facial skeleton and the upper respiratory tract were assessed in teleroentgenograms after earlier determination of measurement points and planes according to selected parameters of the McNamara and Preston et al. methodology. The obtained results were analysed statistically using the Mann-Whitney's test. Results. Angular measurements showed statistically significantly smaller SNA and SNB angles in the study group compared to the control group. The analysis of linear measurements indicated a statistically significant larger dimension of the actual length of the midfacial segment (Co-A) and distance between the Sella point and the posterior nasal spine (PNS-S), and a smaller dimension of the posterior facial height (PFH) in the study group compared to the control group. The highest differences in upper respiratory tract measurements were noted in the Ba-ho-PNS angle, which was lower in the study group. The result was not statistically significant. Conclusions. No significant differences in cephalometric measurements of the upper airways were observed. There is a need to extend studies to include groups of patients with features of night apnoea and maxillary narrowing. <b>(Dargiewicz E, Szarmach IJ, Sawczuk M. Assessment of the upper respiratory tract in patients eligible for treatment with transverse maxillary expansion. Orthod Forum 2018; 14: 97-105)</b>

scholarly journals Influence of Dietary Advice Including Green Vegetables, Beef, and Whole Dairy Products on Recurrent Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen van der Gaag ◽  
Ruben Brandsema ◽  
Rosan Nobbenhuis ◽  
Job van der Palen ◽  
Thalia Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Supportive Care ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Advice Group

Background: Since no treatment exists for children suffering from upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) without immunological disorders, we searched for a possible tool to improve the health of these children. Aim: We evaluated whether dietary advice (based on food matrix and food synergy), including standard supportive care, can decrease the number and duration of URTIs in children with recurrent URTIs. Design and Setting: This study was a multicenter randomized controlled trial in two pediatric outpatient clinics in the Netherlands, with 118 children aged one to four years with recurrent URTIs. The dietary advice group received dietary advice plus standard supportive care, while the control group received standard supportive care alone for six months. The dietary advice consisted of green vegetables five times per week, beef three times per week, 300 mL whole milk per day, and whole dairy butter on bread every day. Portion sizes were age-appropriate. Results and Conclusion: Children in the dietary advice group had 4.8 (1.6–9.5) days per month with symptoms of an URTI in the last three months of the study, compared to 7.7 (4.0–12.3) in the control group (p = 0.028). The total number of URTIs during the six-month study period was 5.7 (±0.55) versus 6.8 (±0.49), respectively (p = 0.068). The use of antibiotics was significantly reduced in the dietary advice group, as well as visits to a general practitioner, thereby possibly reducing healthcare costs. The results show a reduced number of days with symptoms of a URTI following dietary advice. The number of infections was not significantly reduced.

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