Reviving the consumption of insects in Japan: a promising case of hebo (Vespula spp., wasps) by high school club activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nonaka ◽  
H. Yanagihara
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
New Development ◽  
School Research ◽  
Recent Initiative

For people who hunt and eat hebo (Vespula spp., wasps) it is more about culture than it is about food production or environmental sustainability in mountainous central Japan. Individuals who currently semi-cultivate hebo do not intend to industrialize hebo semi-cultivation. Semi-cultivation of hebo is a seasonal activity and it is a hobby for them. This paper focuses on the declining number of wasp hunters. The number declined because younger generations did not take up the hobby or moved to urban areas in search of jobs. Hebo hunters thus consisted of seniors only. The number further declined as those who reached old age were no longer able to practice hebo hunting. Very recently, initiated a promising new development at Ena Agricultural High School. The support to the Hebo Club initiative was quickly expanded and now covers the members belonging to the Japan Vespula Association, and academics involved in edible insect research. We present an overview of the efforts of hebo hunters to maintain and promote the use of Vespula spp. as food and we describe the Hebo Club, a promising recent initiative spearheaded by the students of Ena Agricultural High School. The information was collected between fiscal 2015 and 2017 (namely from September 2015 to March 2018) by participant observation and semi-structured interviews with hebo hunters collaborating with the Hebo Club activities. The Hebo Club uses a hands-on approach: students gain knowledge on edible wasps and their semi-cultivation by actively engaging in the semi-cultivation of the wasps. The club thus teaches the students about resource use by engaging in resource use. The students are taught by experienced wasp hunters how to find, collect, house, and raise hebo. The Hebo Club’s colonies are housed in a shed in the school research forest. By cooperating with the members belonging to various Hebo Associations of south-eastern Gifu and northern Aichi, the students experience the variation in employed techniques and equipment, and make observations of hebo biology and ecology in different environments. Other than the hebo season, the club practice develops their idea for local development and applying it to tourism according to the evaluation of their activities. The successful beginning of the Hebo Club, a well-organized cultural initiative spearheaded by youngsters who are backed by seniors, is indicative of how people caring about hebo culture in central mountainous Japan maintains and preserves its culture and identity.

scholarly journals Operation of the Selected Local Action Group

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukáš Nevěděl ◽  
Miroslav Horák
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Local Action ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Action Group ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
Current Operation

The main objective of this article is to compare the current operation of elected local action group with the concept of learning regions. This comparison is built on detailed knowledge and understanding of the operation of local action group Podbrnensko citizens’ association (Podbrnensko CA) and learning regions in general. The following is assumed: the understanding of community-based processes from the perspective of residents, the important stakeholders who influence the operation of communities or locations. The operation of local action groups is in line with the current concept led by local community development (community led local development, CLLD), which uses elements of the LEADER method. In this method the solution of development problems comes primarily from the inside, not from the outside of the studied territory. The methods used for the collection of empirical data were mostly observation and interviews with all partners involved in LAG (31 people), all mayors in LAG (29 people) and 176 people from region, i.e. methods, which result in so called deep data. Between the primary techniques applied in the research are: participant observation, unstructured or semi-structured interviews and public debates.

Amiais

2021 ◽  
pp. 298-320
Author(s):  
Ana Melro ◽  
Lídia Oliveira ◽  
Ana Carla Amaro
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
The Village

The chapter takes a journey through the place, revisiting the central dimensions for its development, particularly, for LOCUS project – playful connected rural territories. These dimensions are playfulness, labor and school, affection, architecture, and religion. For the knowledge and understanding of all these dimensions, semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants, agents from and in the territory (stakeholders), informal conversations with inhabitants, and participant observation of two of the oldest traditional festivals in the village. Amiais is facing some social and demographic processes, (1) search of the younger population for more densified urban areas, (2) which leads to aging population and depopulation of the territory, which tends to cause the (3) loss of cultural heritage, but, at the same time, (4) a change in local architecture.

scholarly journals Ville et Evenement : Analyse de l’inscription Territoriale de la « Fete du 15 Aout » Dans la Ville de Savalou (Centre Benin)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (42) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Vissoh Ahotondji Sylvain
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Key Events ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

Les villes accueillent souvent des évènements qui, de par leur nature et les manifestations qu’ils engendrent, marquent la trame urbaine et contribuent au développement local. Le but de la présente recherche est d’analyser l’inscription territoriale de la « fête du 15 août », le plus important évènement qu’accueille, chaque année, la ville de Savalou. L’approche méthodologique adoptée combine les recherches documentaires notamment sur la thématique ville et évènement, les enquêtes de terrain à travers l’observation participante des manifestations des éditions 2019 et 2021 de la fête du 15 août, les entretiens semi directifs avec les autorités communales et les questionnaires avec les promoteurs de réceptifs hôteliers, de restaurants ainsi que quelques forains et visiteurs urbains. Au total, 173 personnes ont été interrogées dans le cadre de cette recherche. Ces personnes ont été retenues par la méthode de choix raisonné. Les méthodes d’analyse de contenu et de statistiques descriptives ont permis de traiter les données et informations recueillies et le modèle SWOT ou FFOM (Forces, Faiblesses, Opportunités et Menaces) a été utilisé pour analyser les résultats obtenus. Il ressort des analyses que cinq (05) manifestations clés sont organisées dans le cadre de la « fête du 15 août » : il s’agit du rituel d’autorisation de la consommation des nouvelles ignames, la Grande Foire Artisanale de Savalou (GFAS), l’élection de Miss Savalou (la plus belle fille de la Commune de Savalou), la finale de la coupe de football de la commune et les concerts. Au plan spatial, l’évènement se déroule en plusieurs lieux à savoir le palais royal, la paroisse de l’église catholique, la maison des jeunes, le stade omnisport de la ville, la place Soha et le site de la foire. Il n’existe pas une structure officielle qui assure le portage de l’évènement ; chaque manifestation est organisée par un acteur donné sans qu’aucune coordination ne soit mise en place. Par ailleurs, très peu de recettes sont collectées par la mairie à l’occasion de cet évènement. On en déduit que l’évènement profite financièrement plus aux acteurs privés qu’à la municipalité.   Cities often host events which, by their nature and the events they generate, mark the urban fabric and contribute to local development. The aim of this research is to analyze the territorial inscription of the "feast of August 15", the most important event hosted each year by the city of Savalou. The methodological approach adopted combines documentary research, in particular on the city and event theme, field surveys through the participant observation of the events of the 2019 and 2021 editions of the August 15 festival, semi-structured interviews with the municipal authorities and questionnaires with the promoters of hotel receptives, restaurants as well as a few fairgrounds and urban visitors. A total of 173 people were interviewed for this research. These people were selected by the reasoned choice method. The methods of content analysis and descriptive statistics were used to process the data and information collected and the SWOT or SWOT model (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) was used to analyze the results obtained. It emerges from the analyzes that five (05) key events are organized within the framework of the “feast of August 15”: it is about the ritual of authorization of the consumption of new yams, the Great Artisanal Fair of Savalou (GFAS) , the election of Miss Savalou (the most beautiful girl in the Municipality of Savalou), the final of the municipal football cup and the concerts. Spatially, the event takes place in several locations, namely the Royal Palace, the parish of the Catholic Church, the youth center, the city's sports stadium, Soha Square and the site of the fair. There is no official structure that ensures the portering of the event; each event is organized by a given actor without any coordination being put in place. In addition, very little revenue is collected by the town hall during this event. We deduce that the event financially benefits private actors more than the municipality.

Embodying ageing: middle-aged and older women's bodily fitness and aesthetics in urban China

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Li Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Face ◽  
Older Chinese

Abstract This article explores the embodied practices of anti-ageing among middle-aged and older Chinese women (damas) who engage in plaza dancing (guangchangwu) as a leisure activity in urban areas. Drawing upon data collected from three months of participant observation in three different plaza dance groups and 29 semi-structured interviews with older Chinese women, I first investigate my participants’ experiences of plaza dancing in terms of health-keeping and bodily maintenance. I then analyse their usage of cosmetic products at a time when the beauty economy is booming during the post-Mao era. These female plaza dancers’ bodily regulation and ‘beautification’ indicate not only older women's strategies and struggles in the face of the double standard of ageing, but also a change in the age hierarchy under the transforming socio-cultural landscape of urban China, which is generating new social norms.

scholarly journals TYPICAL BEHAVIOUR OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yustisi Maharani Syahadat
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Private School ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
School Students ◽  
Typical Behaviour

This study aims to see how the typical behavior of juvenile delinquency is carried out by high school students. This research uses a qualitative approach. Taking participants in this study using purposive sampling techniques with the characteristics of participants is a teenage student in high school who lived separately from his parents since the beginning of high school with a research location in one private school. Researchers also use key person techniques, where researchers get complaints from several teachers from the school. The number of clients in this study was 1 person. Data collection techniques with semi-structured interviews, semi-participant observation and data analysis were performed using thematic analysis. This study revealed the typical symptoms/ behavior of juvenile delinquency displayed by the client. The negative behavior of these participants raises problems in the field of education and relationships with family and social environment.

scholarly journals The Paradox of Ghanaian High School Mathematics Teachers’ Perspectives on ICT Use

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-194
Author(s):  
Farouq Sessah Mensah ◽  
Douglas Darko Agyei
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Professional Learning ◽  
Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
School Mathematics ◽  
High School Mathematics ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Ict Use ◽  
High School Mathematics Teachers

The paper sought to investigate the perceived use of Information Communication Technology (ICT) of high school mathematics teachers in Ghana. A hundred high school mathematics teachers from 20 public schools,10 each located in the rural and urban areas respectively in the Central region of Ghana, were stratified and used in the study. A questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The result of the study indicated low levels of perceived knowledge/skills of ICT use by high school mathematics teachers, contrary to their reported high usage levels of ICTs. The findings of the study also indicated that the high school mathematics teachers’ ICT use in a professional related context (instructional delivery, assessment, and professional learning network) was minimal compared to use for social networking, although they seemed to be fully aware of the relevance of using ICT in a professional related manner. Similarly, their reported technical knowledge/skills of ICT were low. Thus, the results of the study suggest that, though the teachers reported high ICT usage, actual usage seems to be at the peripheries. Among other things,  this study has implications for curriculum development and training in Ghana and countries of similar context. It may be necessary for the  Curriculum Research Development Division (CRDD) of the Ghana Education Service in collaboration with the related agencies to explicitly define parameters such as what ICT tools must be used, when they must be used, and how they should be used when reviewing and revising their mathematics teaching curriculum.  

Parental evidence of impact of policy on worst forms of child labour in rural and urban Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-260
Author(s):  
Obed Adonteng-Kissi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Framework Approach ◽  
Legislative Reforms ◽  
Evidence Of Impact

AbstractThis paper aimed to ascertain parental evidence of impact of policy on worst forms of child labour (WFCL) in rural and urban Ghana amongst 460 participants: I utilised 400 survey participants whose children were/were not involved in child labour and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques and applying the Stata Version 13 software. I also utilised 60 government officials; NGO representatives; and both parents whose children were/were not involved in child labour. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents (10), stakeholders (10), focus groups (30); and participant observation techniques (10) were utilised to gather the needed data and purposively sampled across rural areas (Ankaase, Anwiankwanta and Kensere), and urban areas (Jamestown, Korle Gonno and Chorkor) in Ghana. Interviews were recorded, transcribed utilising a framework approach as the main qualitative data analysis method. Parental evidence suggests that new laws, legislative reforms, programmes and activities have helped to reduce WFCL in Ghana.

scholarly journals The Social Fabric of Cheese Agroindustry: Cooperation and Competition Aspects

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2921
Author(s):  
María Camila Rendón-Rendón ◽  
Juan Felipe Núñez Espinoza ◽  
Ramón Soriano-Robles ◽  
Valentín Efrén Espinosa Ortiz ◽  
Luis Manuel Chávez Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Underlying Network

The aim of this study was to analyze the relational social structure of the cheese factories based on an agribusiness territory of Mexico through social network analysis (SNA) in order to understand how different types of agroindustries coexist and endure. Participant observation and semi-structured interviews were carried out in 17 cheese agribusinesses located in the area of San José de Gracia, Michoacán (Mexico), in order to get insight into the family, inter-company, commercial and technical ties they have built. The SNA showed that in the community there is a meso-system where different cheese companies that produce either natural, imitation or both cheeses converge and coexist. These agroindustries make up a complex social structure composed of 1717 actors, comprising a dispersed network with low connectivity (density ˂0.5%) due to the commercial nature of the relationships (95.9%). Simultaneously, an underlying network with a higher density (1.73%) was also evident, enriched by kinship and friendship ties that create cooperation and trust among the parties through 136 reciprocal tangible and intangible exchanges. Despite the differences and asymmetries of cheese agribusinesses in this community, the social structure they form behaves like a ‘local neighborhood’ where everyone knows everyone, and everyone coexists, competes and shares with one another, allowing them to be sustainable in the marketplace. This study provides important lessons for institutions that promote competitiveness and local development, because it shows that in order to achieve sustainability of agroindustrial companies, it is important to recognize and promote long-term social structures based on trust, friendship and reciprocity.

scholarly journals Youth and the Future of Community Forestry

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
James P. Robson ◽  
Sarah J. Wilson ◽  
Constanza Mora Sanchez ◽  
Anita Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Critical Energy ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Future ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
Two Phases

Forests managed by Indigenous and other local communities generate important benefits for livelihood, and contribute to regional and global biodiversity and carbon sequestration goals. Yet, challenges to community forestry remain. Rural out-migration, for one, can make it hard for communities to maintain broad and diverse memberships invested in local forest commons. This includes young people, who can contribute critical energy, ideas, and skills and are well positioned to take up community forest governance and work, but often aspire to alternative livelihoods and lifestyles. Through an initiative called the Future of Forest Work and Communities, we sought to connect researchers and practitioners with young people living in forest regions, and explore whether community forestry is, or could be, a viable option for them in a globalising world. We achieved this through two phases of qualitative research: youth visioning workshops and questionnaires conducted in 14 forest communities and regions across 9 countries, and a more in-depth case study of two forest communities in Oaxaca, Mexico, using participant observation and semi-structured interviews. We found important synergies across sites. Youth held strong connections with their communities and local forests, but work and/or study aspirations meant many would likely leave their home communities (at least for a time). Community forestry was not seen as an obvious livelihood pathway by a majority of youth, although interest in forest work was evident through participation in several workshop activities. As community leadership and support organisations consider community forestry as an engine of local development, the research highlights the importance of engaging local youth to understand their interests and ideas, and thus identify practical and meaningful ways to empower them as community and territorial actors.

scholarly journals Urban encounters limited: The importance of built-in boundaries in contacts between people with intellectual or psychiatric disabilities and their neighbours

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (16) ◽  
pp. 3371-3387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Femmianne Bredewold ◽  
Evelien Tonkens ◽  
Margo Trappenburg
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Support Staff ◽  
Psychiatric Disabilities ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities

People with intellectual disabilities or psychiatric disorders who live in ordinary neighbourhoods often have little contact with fellow residents without disabilities. Recent research suggests that we should not strive for warm contacts based on familiarity and shared values between utterly different groups in urban areas. Daily life between people with and without disabilities is described as a process in which boundaries are negotiated. This study builds on that observation. It was based in a middle sized town in the Netherlands and consists of a survey among people with intellectual or psychiatric disabilities and neighbourhood residents (not being support staff or relatives of people with disabilities); semi structured interviews and participant observation. We found that fruitful encounters between different groups depend on built-in boundaries in contacts. Positive encounters occur when roles are clear and boundaries do not have to be negotiated because they are given. Both parties benefit from boundaries and fixed roles: people with disabilities do not need social reflexivity or intricate social skills to find their way in the situation; people without disabilities can end the contact without being rude. In line with previous research we also found that positive neighbourhood contacts are usually light and superficial and result in conviviality rather than long term relationships.

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