Cricket flour in a traditional beverage (chucula): emotions and perceptions of Colombian consumers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
L.I. Sotelo-Díaz ◽  
B. Ramírez ◽  
P. García-Segovia ◽  
M. Igual ◽  
J. Martínez-Monzó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Commercial Product ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Sensory Acceptance

Incorporating sustainable raw materials into food has been a challenge in two correlated stages. Firstly, on the design and development of a product. Secondly, on how consumers accept it. This study aimed to evaluate the level of sensory acceptance and the emotional response of the addition of cricket flour (CR) to dried mixtures of different granulometry and solubility of chucula, which is a traditional hot beverage in Colombia. In addition, this chucula was assessed on granulometric distribution, solubility, water activity, and colour characteristics. The characteristics of chucula elaborated from commercial cereal and legumes flours with the addition of CR (ChFCr) were significantly different (P<0.05) with a higher value to the particle size of 150 μm. The addition of CR 4.6% w/w in the dried mixtures of chucula increases aw and decreases solubility. However, there are no significant differences in water absorption and colour. The chucula elaborated by the traditional method (ChTM) had an acceptance close to the chucula reference commercial product (75%), with a greater purchase intention. The addition of CR reduces the purchase intention by 8%. However, 74% of the panellists liked the chucula elaborated by the traditional method with CR (ChTMCr), which as a hot beverage, has a milky brown appearance, a cocoa smell, and a sweet and nutty flavour. Traditional chucula generated different emotions: traditional, joyful, warm, good-natured, pleased, energetic, and nostalgic. In comparison, the emotions related to the chucula with CR were adventurous, aggressive, enthusiastic. However, the neophobia results for these products were significantly different (P<0.05), being higher for the group of consumers older than 45 years, the values found to be less than 2.5 are indicators of an opportunity to incorporate CR in traditional products, as it is, in this case, a beverage.

Processing and Properties of Soil-Cement Blocks Incorporated with Natural Grit

2014 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 343-346
Author(s):  
Jonas Alexandre ◽  
Caio Lobato de Assis Paula e Silva ◽  
Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo ◽  
Gustavo de Castro Xavier ◽  
Veronica Scarpini Candido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Soil Cement ◽  
Ceramic Blocks ◽  
Espirito Santo ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Soil-cement blocks are worldwide used in civil construction competing with ceramic blocks like the red clay ceramic bricks. In the southeast of Brazil, particularly in the states of Espirito Santo and Rio de Janeiro, clay ceramic blocks predominate owing to lower processing costs. The incorporation of inexpensive raw materials into soil-cement blocks could improve their margin of competition. Therefore the present work investigated the processing and properties of soil-cement blocks incorporated with a relatively high amount, 81 wt%, of natural grit in substitution for the conventionally used gravel and sand. The grit had a convenient particle size. The results of compression and water absorption tests indicated that the grit incorporated soil-cement blocks attend the norms for civil construction.

Microstructural characterization of laser-melted/roller-quenched dicalcium silicate

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
C. J. Chan ◽  
K. R. Venkatachari ◽  
W. M. Kriven ◽  
J. F. Young
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Particle Size Effect ◽  
Dicalcium Silicate ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Cell Shape Change ◽  
Wide Range

Dicalcium silicate (Ca2SiO4) is a major component of Portland cement. It has also been investigated as a potential transformation toughener alternative to zirconia. It has five polymorphs: α, α'H, α'L, β and γ. Of interest is the β-to-γ transformation on cooling at about 490°C. This transformation, accompanied by a 12% volume increase and a 4.6° unit cell shape change, is analogous to the tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation in zirconia. Due to the processing methods used, previous studies into the particle size effect were limited by a wide range of particle size distribution. In an attempt to obtain a more uniform size, a fast quench rate involving a laser-melting/roller-quenching technique was investigated.The laser-melting/roller-quenching experiment used precompacted bars of stoichiometric γ-Ca2SiO4 powder, which were synthesized from AR grade CaCO3 and SiO2xH2O. The raw materials were mixed by conventional ceramic processing techniques, and sintered at 1450°C. The dusted γ-Ca2SiO4 powder was uniaxially pressed into 0.4 cm x 0.4 cm x 4 cm bars under 34 MPa and cold isostatically pressed under 172 MPa. The γ-Ca2SiO4 bars were melted by a 10 KW-CO2 laser.

KAJIAN PRODUKSI NASI KUNING INSTAN DAN KARAKTERISTIKNYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirana Sanggrami Sasmitaloka ◽  
Imia Ribka Banurea ◽  
Sri Widowati Widowati
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Rehydration Ratio ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Instant Form ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Cooking Water ◽  
Comparative Treatment

ABSTRACTThe manufacture of food products in an instant form can reduce obstacles in storage and distribution. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of instant yellow rice produced using a cabinet dryer. The research method used was a non factorial Complete Randomized Design, with comparative treatment of rice and cooking water volume (1: 1,1; 1: 1,2; and 1: 1,3) as well as the type of yellow rice seasoning used (instant seasoning and processed seasoning). The best treatment is obtained on instant yellow rice produced using processed seasonings with a comparison of raw materials with cooking water volume of 1: 1,3. This product has a yield characteristic of 98.29%, rehydration time 4.32 minutes, kamba density 0.351 g/ml, water absorption 64.78%, development volume 174.51%, rehydration ratio 3.44, chroma value 30.29 and hue value 96.38.Keywords: instant yellow rice, rehydration time, drying, characteristics ABSTRAKPembuatan produk makanan dalam bentuk instan dapat menekan kendala dalam penyimpanan serta distribusi . Tujuan  penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik nasi kuning instan yang diproduksi dengan menggunakan cabinet dryer. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap non faktorial, dengan perlakuan perbandingan beras dan volume air pemasakan (1:1,1; 1:1,2; dan 1:1,3) serta jenis bumbu nasi kuning yang digunakan (bumbu instan dan bumbu olahan). Perlakuan terbaik diperoleh pada nasi kuning instan yang diproduksi menggunakan bumbu olahan dengan perbandingan bahan baku dengan volume air pemasakan sebanyak 1:1,3. Produk ini memiliki karakteristik rendemen 98,29%, waktu rehidrasi 4,32 menit, densitas kamba 0,351 g/ml, daya serap air 64,78%, volume pengembangan 174,51%, rasio rehidrasi 3,44, nilai chroma 30,29 dan nilai hue 96,38.Kata kunci: nasi kuning instan, waktu rehidrasi, pengeringan, karakteristik

scholarly journals Leaching Behaviour of Construction and Demolition Wastes and Recycled Aggregates: Statistical Analysis Applied to the Release of Contaminants

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6265
Author(s):  
Alessandra Diotti ◽  
Giovanni Plizzari ◽  
Sabrina Sorlini
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Recycled Aggregates ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Material Particle ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Construction And Demolition Wastes ◽  
Leaching Behaviour

Construction and demolition wastes represent a primary source of new alternative materials which, if properly recovered, can be used to replace virgin raw materials partially or totally. The distrust of end-users in the use of recycled aggregates is mainly due to the environmental performance of these materials. In particular, the release of pollutants into the surrounding environment appears to be the aspect of greatest concern. This is because these materials are characterized by a strong heterogeneity which can sometimes lead to contaminant releases above the legal limits for recovery. In this context, an analysis of the leaching behaviour of both CDWs and RAs was conducted by applying a statistical analysis methodology. Subsequently, to evaluate the influence of the particle size and the volumetric reduction of the material on the release of contaminants, several experimental leaching tests were carried out according to the UNI EN 12457-2 and UNI EN 12457-4 standards. The results obtained show that chromium, mercury, and COD are the most critical parameters for both CDWs and RAs. Moreover, the material particle size generally affects the release of contaminants (i.e., finer particles showed higher releases), while the crushing process does not always involve higher releases than the sieving process.

scholarly journals Mining Wastes of an Albite Deposit as Raw Materials for Vitrified Mullite Ceramics

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Pedro J. Sánchez-Soto ◽  
Eduardo Garzón ◽  
Luis Pérez-Villarejo ◽  
George N. Angelopoulos ◽  
Dolores Eliche-Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Mining Wastes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Maximum Value

In this work, an examination of mining wastes of an albite deposit in south Spain was carried out using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis, thermo-dilatometry and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, followed by the determination of the main ceramic properties. The albite content in two selected samples was high (65–40 wt. %), accompanied by quartz (25–40 wt. %) and other minor minerals identified by XRD, mainly kaolinite, in agreement with the high content of silica and alumina determined by XRF. The content of Na2O was in the range 5.44–3.09 wt. %, being associated with albite. The iron content was very low (<0.75 wt. %). The kaolinite content in the waste was estimated from ~8 to 32 wt. %. The particle size analysis indicated values of 11–31 wt. % of particles <63 µm. The ceramic properties of fired samples (1000–1350 °C) showed progressive shrinkage by the thermal effect, with water absorption and open porosity almost at zero at 1200–1250 °C. At 1200 °C, the bulk density reached a maximum value of 2.38 g/cm3. An abrupt change in the phase evolution by XRD was found from 1150 to 1200 °C, with the disappearance of albite by melting in accordance with the predictions of the phase diagram SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O and the system albite-quartz. These fired materials contained as main crystalline phases quartz and mullite. Quartz was present in the raw samples and mullite was formed by decomposition of kaolinite. The observation of mullite forming needle-shape crystals was revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The formation of fully densified and vitrified mullite materials by firing treatments was demonstrated.

New uses for brick-making clay materials from the Bailén area (southern Spain)

Clay Minerals ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Gonzalez ◽  
E. Galan ◽  
A. Miras ◽  
P. Aparicio
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Floor Tiles ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Clay Materials

AbstractAn attempt has been made to assess new potential applications for the Bailén clays, traditionally used for manufacturing bricks, based on mineralogical, chemical, particle size, plasticity and firing results. Raw materials and mixtures used by the local factory were selected and tested with the addition of some diatomite, feldspar or kaolin. Based on their properties, clay materials from Bailén might be suitable for making porous red wall tiles, clinker, vitrified red floor tiles and porous light-coloured wall tiles by pressing; the first could be manufactured from the raw materials and mixtures currently used by the local manufactures. On the other hand, stoneware shaped by extrusion, such as perforated bricks, facing bricks and roofing tiles, can be also manufactured from the mixtures used at the factory if they contain 20-25% carbonate and small amounts of iron oxides; lightweight bricks require black and yellow clays with diatomite.

scholarly journals Phase evolution, characterisation, and performance of cement prepared in an oxy-fuel atmosphere

2016 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liya Zheng ◽  
Thomas P. Hills ◽  
Paul Fennell
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Phase And Elemental Compositions

Cement manufacture is one of the major contributors (7–10%) to global anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been identified as a vital technology for decarbonising the sector. Oxy-fuel combustion, involving burning fuel in a mixture of recycled CO2 and pure O2 instead of air, makes CO2 capture much easier. Since it combines a theoretically lower energy penalty with an increase in production, it is attractive as a CCS technology in cement plants. However, it is necessary to demonstrate that changes in the clinkering atmosphere do not reduce the quality of the clinker produced. Clinkers were successfully produced in an oxy-fuel atmosphere using only pure oxides as raw materials as well as a mixture of oxides and clay. Then, CEM I cements were prepared by the addition of 5 wt% gypsum to the clinkers. Quantitative XRD and XRF were used to obtain the phase and elemental compositions of the clinkers. The particle size distribution and compressive strength of the cements at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days' ages were tested, and the effect of the particle size distribution on the compressive strength was investigated. Additionally, the compressive strength of the cements produced in oxy-fuel atmospheres was compared with those of the cement produced in air and commercially available CEMEX CEM I. The results show that good-quality cement can be successfully produced in an oxy-fuel atmosphere and it has similar phase and chemical compositions to CEM I. Additionally, it has a comparable compressive strength to the cement produced in air and to commercially available CEMEX CEM I.

Minimizing Segregation in Bunkers

1973 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Clague ◽  
H. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Flow Regime ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Material Density ◽  
Filling Method ◽  
Density Results

Bunkers used in steelworks sinter plants and other applications need to be designed and operated so that the feed emerging is unsegregated. A series of model tests has been carried out to discover which bunker shape, flow regime, and filling method give the least segregation for raw materials of different particle size and density. Results are compared with results from larger bunkers. The main conclusions are that an evenly-filled wedge-shaped mass-flow bunker is best at preventing segregation and that material density has little effect.

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