scholarly journals Deoxynivalenol in the liver and lymphoid organs of rats: effects of dose and duration on immunohistological changes

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P.F.L. Bracarense ◽  
K.M. Basso ◽  
E.O. Da Silva ◽  
D. Payros ◽  
I.P. Oswald
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Hepatocyte Proliferation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Lymphoid Depletion ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vacuolisation ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analyses

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most prevalent type B trichothecenes present in food inducing adverse effects, including intestinal changes and immunosuppression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of DON on rats exposed for 7, 14 and 28 days to mycotoxin-contaminated diets, using histological and immunohistochemical analyses on liver and lymphoid organs. Fifty rats received a control diet, or a diet contaminated with 1.75 mg/kg of DON for 30 days, or a diet contaminated with 11.4 mg/kg of DON for 7, 14 or 30 days. Ingestion of contaminated feed induced a significant increase in the lesional score in the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. The main histological findings observed in the liver were cytoplasmic vacuolisation and hepatocelular megalocytosis. A significant increase in hepatocyte proliferation was observed in rats that received 1.75 mg/kg of DON. Lymphoid depletion was the main histological alteration observed in lymphoid organs, resulting in a significant increase in the lesional score in all groups that received the contaminated diets. The histological changes and lymphocyte apoptosis were more severe in lymph nodes of rats fed 11.4 mg/kg of DON during 30 days. The results of the morphological and immunohistochemical analyses suggest that the ingestion of DON can induce functional hepatic impairment and immunosuppression in a dose- and time-dependent manner.

scholarly journals Sulfation-dependent recognition of high endothelial venules (HEV)-ligands by L-selectin and MECA 79, and adhesion-blocking monoclonal antibody.

1994 ◽  
Vol 180 (6) ◽  
pp. 2219-2226 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Hemmerich ◽  
E C Butcher ◽  
S D Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitor ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Independent Molecule ◽  
High Endothelial Venules ◽  
Additional Ligand ◽  
Secondary Lymphoid Organs

L-selectin is a lectin-like receptor that mediates the attachment of lymphocytes to high endothelial venules (HEV) of lymph nodes during the process of lymphocyte recirculation. Two sulfated, mucin-like glycoproteins known as Sgp50/GlyCAM-1 and Sgp90/CD34 have previously been identified as HEV-associated ligands for L-selectin. These proteins were originally detected with an L-selectin/Ig chimera called LEC-IgG. GlyCAM-1 and CD34 are also recognized by an antiperipheral node addressin (PNAd) mAb called MECA 79, which blocks L-selectin-dependent adhesion and selectively stains lymph node HEV. The present study compares the requirements for the binding of MECA 79 and LEC-IgG to HEV-ligands. Whereas desialylation of GlyCAM-1 and CD34 drastically reduced binding to LEC-IgG, this treatment enhanced the binding of GlyCAM-1 to MECA 79. In contrast, the binding of both MECA 79 and LEC-IgG to GlyCAM-1 and CD34 was greatly decreased when the sulfation of these ligands was reduced with chlorate, a metabolic inhibitor of sulfation. Because MECA 79 stains HEV-like vessels at various sites of inflammation, recognition by L-selectin of ligands outside of secondary lymphoid organs may depend on sulfation. In addition to their reactivity with GlyCAM-1 and CD34, both MECA 79 and LEC-IgG recognize an independent molecule of approximately 200 kD in a sulfate-dependent manner. Thus, this molecule, which we designate Sgp200, is an additional ligand for L-selectin.

THE EFFECT OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY, ADRENALECTOMY AND CORTISONE ON THE INCORPORATION OF TRITIATED THYMIDINE IN RAT ORGANS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO THE LYMPHOID TISSUES

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Knutson ◽  
P. M. Lundin
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Rat Organs ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes ◽  
Apparent Influence

ABSTRACT After hypophysectomy, the incorporation of tritiated thymidine decreases in the thymus and spleen, but not in the lymph nodes. Adrenalectomy has no apparent influence on this incorporation. After prolonged treatment with moderate amounts of cortisone, the incorporation is significantly decreased in the thymus and spleen, but the slight decrease in the lymph nodes is not significant. In untreated animals the incorporation is of the same magnitude in all three lymphoid tissues. These results are compared with those obtained with 32P O4 – a method that gives a relatively higher incorporation in the thymus than in the spleen and lymph nodes. These values are more consistent with the mitotic indices of these organs. The reutilization of thymidine in the lymphoid organs is discussed. It is concluded that such a reutilization is a normal mechanism in the lymphoid tissues, and that it is markedly increased while under the influence of corticosteroids, particularly in the thymus.

scholarly journals Incidence of Apoptosis in the Lymphoid Organs of Normal or Malaria Infected Mice is Decreased in CD18 and Urokinase - Receptor (UPAR, CD87) Deficient Mice

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Francois Piguet ◽  
Chen da Laperrousaz ◽  
Christian Vesin ◽  
Yves Donati
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Urokinase Receptor ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Facs Analysis ◽  
Surface Molecules ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes ◽  
Serum Igg Levels ◽  
Deficient Mice

Incidence of apoptosis was investigated in the spleen and lymph nodes of +/+, CD18 -/- and urokinase receptor (uPAR, CD87) -/- mice, untreated orPlasmodium Berghei Anka(PbA) infected. In non infected mice, incidence of apoptosis was lower in the lymph nodes of CD18 -/- and uPAR -/- than in +/+ mice, as seen by FACS analysis to count the number of hypodiploid and Annexin-V binding cells. Infection of mice with PbA resulted in a marked increase in the size of spleen and lymph nodes 7–8 days after infection, which was slightly higher in uPAR -/- and CD18 -/- than in +/+ mice. PbA infection increased about 7 fold the incidence of apoptosis in the lymphoid organs of +/+, especially in the white pulp and germinal centers of the spleen and lymph nodes, while in contrast it was unchanged in PbA infected CD18 -/- or uPAR -/- mice. Serum IgG levels, and number of circulating leukocytes were significantly higher in both uPAR and CD18 -/- than in +/+ mice. These results indicate that the CD18 and uPAR surface molecules, which are known to be associated in the cell membrane, have an important influence upon the incidence of cell survival in both normal or stimulated lymphoid organs.

scholarly journals HIV-1 infection and pathogenesis in a novel humanized mouse model

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 2978-2981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liguo Zhang ◽  
Grigoriy I. Kovalev ◽  
Lishan Su
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Productive Infection ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Double Knockout ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract The Rag2-γC double-knockout (DKO) mouse lacks T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells, and allows development of a functional human immune system with human CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (DKO-hu HSCs). Normal human T, B, and dendritic cells are present in peripheral blood, thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. We report that both CCR5 and CXCR4 are expressed on human immature and mature T cells. DKO-hu HSC mice allow efficient HIV-1 infection with plasma high viremia. High levels of productive infection occur in the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. Human CD4+ T cells are gradually depleted by HIV-1 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, HIV-1 infection persists in infected DKO-hu HSC mice for at least 19 weeks, with infectious HIV-1 in lymphoid tissues. Thus, the DKO-hu HSC mouse can serve as a relevant in vivo model to investigate mechanisms of HIV-1 infection and immunopathogenesis as well as to develop anti–HIV-1 therapeutics.

scholarly journals Fish Pathogenic Bacteria (Aeromonas Hydrophilia) Induced Histopathological Attributes in the Spleen and Lymph-Nodes of Swiss Albino Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
AK Pramanik ◽  
KB Santra
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophilia ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes

The effect of fish pathogenic bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophilia on the spleen and lymph-nodes of male Swiss albino mice has been investigated and examined histopathologically. Morphological and histological changes on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 30th day of infection were noticed. Time exposure showed no significant difference in body weight between control and treated mice but the value showed a tendency towards increment. Spleen weight was increased significantly (p < 0.001) at 14th and 21 st days of post treated mice. The treatment groups showed hepatocellular necrosis of spleen and other immuno- responsive tissue like lymph-node of mice also. The damaging nature of the immuno-responsive tissues of mice to the pathogenesis of bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophilia is provoked in the results obtained.

scholarly journals Soufeng sanjie formula alleviates collagen-induced arthritis in mice by inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Hua ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Qinghai Meng ◽  
Yuanyuan Ling ◽  
Qin Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Th17 Cell ◽  
Collagen Induced Arthritis ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Th17 Cell Differentiation ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes ◽  
Seed Coats

Abstract Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease. Soufeng sanjie formula (SF), which is composed of scolopendra (dried body of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch), scorpion (dried body of Buthus martensii Karsch), astragali radix (dried root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge), and black soybean seed coats (seed coats of Glycine max (L.) Merr), is a traditional Chinese prescription for treating RA. However, the mechanism of SF in treating RA remains unclear. This study was aim to investigate the anti-arthritic effects of SF in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model and explore the mechanism by which SF alleviates arthritis in CIA mice. Methods For in vivo studies, female DBA/1J mice were used to establish the CIA model, and either SF (183 or 550 mg/kg/day) or methotrexate (MTX, 920 mg/kg, twice/week) was orally administered to the mice from the day of arthritis onset. After administration for 30 days, degree of ankle joint destruction and serum levels of IgG and inflammatory cytokines were determined. The balance of Th17/Treg cells in the spleen and lymph nodes was analyzed using flow cytometry. Moreover, the expression levels of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor (ROR) γt and phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3, Tyr705) in the spleen were detected by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the effect of SF on Th17 cells differentiation in vitro was investigated in CD4+ T cells under Th17 polarization conditions. Results SF decreased the arthritis score, ameliorated paw swelling, and reduced cartilage loss in the joint of CIA mice. In addition, SF decreased the levels of bovine collagen-specific IgG in sera of CIA mice. SF decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17A) and increased the level of IL-10 both in the sera and the joint of CIA mice. Moreover, SF treatment rebalanced the Th17/Treg ratio in the spleen and lymph nodes of CIA mice. SF also reduced the expression levels of ROR γt and pSTAT3 (Tyr705) in the spleen of CIA mice. In vitro, SF treatment reduced Th17 cell generation and IL-17A production and inhibited the expression of RORγt, IRF4, IL-17A, and pSTAT3 (Tyr705) under Th17 polarization conditions. Conclusions Our results suggest that SF exhibits anti-arthritic effects and restores Th17/Treg homeostasis in CIA mice by inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation.

scholarly journals The Influence of Diet and Sex on the Gut Microbiota of Lean and Obese JCR:LA-cp Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1037
Author(s):  
Craig Resch ◽  
Mihir Parikh ◽  
J. Alejandro Austria ◽  
Spencer D. Proctor ◽  
Thomas Netticadan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Ground Flaxseed ◽  
The Impact

There is an increased interest in the gut microbiota as it relates to health and obesity. The impact of diet and sex on the gut microbiota in conjunction with obesity also demands extensive systemic investigation. Thus, the influence of sex, diet, and flaxseed supplementation on the gut microbiota was examined in the JCR:LA-cp rat model of genetic obesity. Male and female obese rats were randomized into four groups (n = 8) to receive, for 12 weeks, either (a) control diet (Con), (b) control diet supplemented with 10% ground flaxseed (CFlax), (c) a high-fat, high sucrose (HFHS) diet, or (d) HFHS supplemented with 10% ground flaxseed (HFlax). Male and female JCR:LA-cp lean rats served as genetic controls and received similar dietary interventions. Illumine MiSeq sequencing revealed a richer microbiota in rats fed control diets rather than HFHS diets. Obese female rats had lower alpha-diversity than lean female; however, both sexes of obese and lean JCR rats differed significantly in β-diversity, as their gut microbiota was composed of different abundances of bacterial types. The feeding of an HFHS diet affected the diversity by increasing the phylum Bacteroidetes and reducing bacterial species from phylum Firmicutes. Fecal short-chain fatty acids such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate-producing bacterial species were correspondingly impacted by the HFHS diet. Flax supplementation improved the gut microbiota by decreasing the abundance of Blautia and Eubacterium dolichum. Collectively, our data show that an HFHS diet results in gut microbiota dysbiosis in a sex-dependent manner. Flaxseed supplementation to the diet had a significant impact on gut microbiota diversity under both flax control and HFHS dietary conditions.

scholarly journals EXTH-14. A NOVEL LONG-ACTING INTERLEUKIN-7 AGONIST, NT-I7, INCREASES CYTOTOXIC CD8 CELLS AND ENHANCES SURVIVAL IN MOUSE GLIOMA MODELS

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii89-ii89
Author(s):  
Subhajit Ghosh ◽  
Ran Yan ◽  
Sukrutha Thotala ◽  
Arijita Jash ◽  
Anita Mahadevan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
Interleukin 7 ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mouse Glioma

Abstract BACKGROUND Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) are treated with radiation (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ). These treatments can cause prolonged severe lymphopenia, which is associated with shorter survival. NT-I7 (efineptakin alfa) is a long-acting recombinant human IL-7 that supports the proliferation and survival CD4+ and CD8+ cells in both human and mice. We tested whether NT-I7 would protect T cells from treatment-induced lymphopenia and improve survival. METHODS C57BL/6 mice bearing intracranial tumors (GL261 or CT2A) were treated with RT (1.8 Gy/day x 5 days), TMZ (33 mg/kg/day x 5 days) and/or NT-17 (10 mg/kg on the final day of RT completion). We followed for survival and profiled CD3, CD8, CD4, FOXP3 in peripheral blood over time. In parallel, we assessed cervical lymph nodes, bone marrow, thymus, spleen, and the tumor 6 days after NT-I7 treatment. RESULTS Median survival in mice treated with NT-I7 combined with RT was significantly better than RT alone (GL261: 40d vs 34d, p&lt; 0.0021; CT2A: 90d vs 40d, p&lt; 0.0499) or NT-I7 alone (GL261: 40d vs 24d, p&lt; 0.008; CT2A: 90d vs 32d, p&lt; 0.0154). NT-17 with RT was just as effective as NT-I7 combined with RT and TMZ in both GL261 (40d vs 47d) and CT2A (90d vs 90d). NT-I7 treatment significantly increased the amount of CD8+ cells in the peripheral blood and tumor. NT- I7 rescued CD8+ T cells from RT induced lymphopenia in peripheral blood, spleen, and lymph nodes. NT-I7 alone or NT-I7 in combination with RT increased the CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood and tumor while reducing the FOXP3+ T-reg cells in the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS NT-I7 protects T-cells from RT induced lymphopenia, improves cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes systemically and in the tumor, and improves survival. Presently, a phase I/II trial to evaluate NT-I7 in patients with high-grade gliomas is ongoing (NCT03687957).

An Unusual Case Involving the Spleen and Lymph Nodes

1989 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-215
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Kubosawa ◽  
Akio Konno ◽  
Teisuke Komatsu ◽  
Hideo Ishige ◽  
Yoichiro Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes
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