Effectiveness of a novel fungicide pydiflumetofen against Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin accumulation in winter wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
R. Xia ◽  
A.W. Schaafsma ◽  
V. Limay-Rios ◽  
D.C. Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Triazole Fungicides ◽  
Quinone Outside Inhibitor ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Industry Standards

Fusarium head blight (FHB) causes yield loss, quality reduction, and grain mycotoxin accumulations. A novel pydiflumetofen-containing fungicide, Miravis Ace, was recently registered in North America. The main objective of this study was to assess the efficacies of Miravis Ace and the timing of application alongside industry standard triazole fungicides (Prosaro, Caramba, Proline and Folicur) on suppressing FHB, reducing mycotoxins and improving wheat agronomic performance. The assessment was conducted across six natural environments on commercial farm fields and in two artificially inoculated-misted environments. All environments included 5 fungicides (Miravis Ace and the four triazole fungicides) and 3 application timings (Zadoks GS 59, 65, 69-71). Additionally, for the ZGS 65 timing, the experiment in the natural environment included a quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide pyraclostrobin (Headline). In general, Miravis Ace tended to be more effective on FHB suppression than the triazole fungicides across all environments. However, any biological differences tended to be statistically non-significant, likely because of a lack of statistical power. Miravis Ace reduced total deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration by 52-73% compared to the non-treated control. If applied at ZGS 59-65, Miravis Ace was more effective in increasing yield and test weight than the triazoles tested. Across fungicides, applications made at ZGS 65 were most effective in FHB suppression compared to earlier or later application timings. There was no evidence that pyraclostrobin increased mycotoxin concentrations. Overall, compared to the triazole fungicides, the novel pydiflumetofen-containing fungicide tended to have lower FHB suppression and mycotoxins, higher grain yield and test weight, and higher harvest moisture, but differences were not always statistically significant. Because the main active ingredient in Miravis Ace has a different mode of action than the triazoles, we speculate that this fungicide will be competitive with industry standards, and benefit strategies for fungicide resistance management.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Triazole-Based Fungicides on Wheat Yield and Test Weight as Influenced by Fusarium Head Blight Intensity

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Paul ◽  
M. P. McMullen ◽  
D. E. Hershman ◽  
L. V. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Multivariate random-effects meta-analyses were conducted on 12 years of data from 14 U.S. states to determine the mean yield and test-weight responses of wheat to treatment with propiconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, metconazole, and prothioconazole+tebuconazole. All fungicides led to a significant increase in mean yield and test weight relative to the check (D; P < 0.001). Metconazole resulted in the highest overall yield increase, with a D of 450 kg/ha, followed by prothioconazole+tebuconazole (444.5 kg/ha), prothioconazole (419.1 kg/ha), tebuconazole (272.6 kg/ha), and propiconazole (199.6 kg/ha). Metconazole, prothioconazole+tebuconazole, and prothioconazole also resulted in the highest increases in test weight, with D values of 17.4 to 19.4 kg/m3, respectively. On a relative scale, the best three fungicides resulted in an overall 13.8 to 15.0% increase in yield but only a 2.5 to 2.8% increase in test weight. Except for prothioconazole+tebuconazole, wheat type significantly affected the yield response to treatment; depending on the fungicide, D was 110.0 to 163.7 kg/ha higher in spring than in soft-red winter wheat. Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease index (field or plot-level severity) in the untreated check plots, a measure of the risk of disease development in a study, had a significant effect on the yield response to treatment, in that D increased with increasing FHB index. The probability was estimated that fungicide treatment in a randomly selected study will result in a positive yield increase (p+) and increases of at least 250 and 500 kg/ha (p250 and p500, respectively). For the three most effective fungicide treatments (metconazole, prothioconazole+tebuconazole, and prothioconazole) at the higher selected FHB index, p+ was very large (e.g., ≥0.99 for both wheat types) but p500 was considerably lower (e.g., 0.78 to 0.92 for spring and 0.54 to 0.68 for soft-red winter wheat); at the lower FHB index, p500 for the same three fungicides was 0.34 to 0.36 for spring and only 0.09 to 0.23 for soft-red winter wheat.

scholarly journals Activity of Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicide Metconazole on Chinese Fusarium graminearum Species Complex and Its Application in Carbendazim-Resistance Management of Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 929-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yabing Duan ◽  
Xian Tao ◽  
Huahua Zhao ◽  
Xuemei Xiao ◽  
Meixia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex ◽  
Demethylation Inhibitor

Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat, has species-specific geographical distributions in wheat-growing regions. In recent years, benzimidazole resistance of FHB pathogens has been largely widespread in China. Although the demethylation inhibitor fungicide metconazole has been used for FHB control in some countries, no information about metconazole sensitivity of Chinese FHB pathogen populations and efficacy of metconazole in FHB control in China is available. In this study, the sensitivity of FGSC to metconazole was measured with 32 carbendazim-sensitive strains and 35 carbendazim-resistant strains based on mycelial growth. The 50% effective concentration values of 67 strains were normally distributed and ranged from 0.0209 to 0.0838 μg ml−1, with a mean of 0.0481 ± 0.0134 μg ml−1. No significant difference in metconazole sensitivity was observed between carbendazim-sensitive and -resistant populations. An interactive effect of metconazole and phenamacril, a novel cyanoacrilate fungicide approved in China against Fusarium spp., in inhibiting mycelial growth showed an additive interaction at different ratios. Furthermore, field trials to evaluate the effect of metconazole and metconazole + phenamacril treatments in FHB control, deoxynivalenol (DON) production, and grain yields were performed. Compared with the fungicides carbendazim and phenamacril currently used in China, metconazole exhibits a better efficacy for FHB control, DON production, and grain yields, and dramatically reduces use dosages of chemical compounds in the field. The mixture of metconazole and phenamacril at ratios of 2:3 and 1:2 showed the greatest efficacy for FHB control, DON production, and grain yields among all the fungicide treatments but its use dosages were higher in comparison with metconazole alone. In addition, FHB control, grain yields, and DON levels were significantly correlated with each other, showing that visual disease indices can be used as an indicator of grain yields and DON contamination. Meanwhile, the frequency of carbendazim-resistant alleles in F. graminearum populations was dramatically reduced after metconazole and phenamacril alone and the mixture of metconazole and phenamacril applications, indicating that metconazole and a mixture of metconazole and phenamacril can be used for carbendazim resistance management of FHB in wheat. Overall, the findings of this study provide important data for resistance management of FHB and reducing DON contamination in wheat grains.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Effects of Fusarium Head Blight on Grain Yield and Test Weight in Soft Red Winter Wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge David Salgado ◽  
Laurence V. Madden ◽  
Pierce A. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum, is known to negatively affect wheat grain yield (YLD) and test weight (TW). However, very little emphasis has been placed on formally quantifying FHB–YLD and FHB–TW relationships. Field plots of three soft red winter wheat cultivars—‘Cooper’ (susceptible to FHB), ‘Hopewell’ (susceptible), and ‘Truman’ (moderately resistant)—were grown during the 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012 seasons, and spray inoculated with spore suspensions of F. graminearum and Parastagonospora nodorum to generate a range of FHB and Stagonospora leaf blotch (SLB) levels. FHB index (IND) and SLB were quantified as percent diseased spike and flag leaf area, respectively, and YLD (kg ha−1) and TW (kg m−3) data were collected. Using IND as a continuous covariate and cultivar (CV) and SLB as categorical fixed effects, linear mixed-model regression analyses (LMMR) were used to model the IND–YLD and IND–TW relationship and to determine whether these relationships were influenced by CV and SLB. The final models fitted to the data were of the generic form y = a + b (IND), where a (intercept) or b (slope) could also depend on other factors. LMMR analyses were also used to estimate a and b by combining the studies from these 4 years with an additional 16 experiments conducted from 2003 to 2013, and bivariate random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate population mean b ([Formula: see text]) and a (ā) for the IND–YLD relationship. YLD and TW decreased as IND increased, with b ranging from −3.2 to −2.3 kg m−3 %−1 for TW. For the IND–YLD relationship, [Formula: see text] was −51.7 kg ha−1 %IND−1 and ā was 4,426.7 kg ha−1. Neither cultivar nor SLB affected the IND–YLD relationship but SLB affected a of the IND–TW regression lines, whereas cultivar affected b. Plots with the highest levels of SLB (based on ordinal categories for SLB) had the lowest a and Hopewell had the highest b. The level of IND at which a 50-kg m−3 reduction in TW was predicted to occur was 19, 16, and 22% for Cooper, Hopewell, and Truman, respectively. A yield loss of 1 MT ha−1 was predicted to occur at 19% IND. The rate of reduction in relative TW or YLD per unit increase in IND was between −0.39 and −0.32%−1 for TW and −1.17%−1 for YLD. Results from this study could be integrated into more general models to evaluate the economics of FHB management strategies.

scholarly journals Profitability of Integrated Management of Fusarium Head Blight in North Carolina Winter Wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (8) ◽  
pp. 814-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Cowger ◽  
Randy Weisz ◽  
Consuelo Arellano ◽  
Paul Murphy
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Cultivar Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Risk Forecast

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most difficult small-grain diseases to manage, due to the partial effectiveness of management techniques and the narrow window of time in which to apply fungicides profitably. The most effective management approach is to integrate cultivar resistance with FHB-specific fungicide applications; yet, when forecasted risk is intermediate, it is often unclear whether such an application will be profitable. To model the profitability of FHB management under varying conditions, we conducted a 2-year split-plot field experiment having as main plots high-yielding soft red winter wheat cultivars, four moderately resistant (MR) and three susceptible (S) to FHB. Subplots were sprayed at flowering with Prosaro or Caramba, or left untreated. The experiment was planted in seven North Carolina environments (location–year combinations); three were irrigated to promote FHB development and four were not irrigated. Response variables were yield, test weight, disease incidence, disease severity, deoxynivalenol (DON), Fusarium-damaged kernels, and percent infected kernels. Partial profits were compared in two ways: first, across low-, medium-, or high-DON environments; and second, across environment–cultivar combinations divided by risk forecast into “do spray” and “do not spray” categories. After surveying DON and test weight dockage among 21 North Carolina wheat purchasers, three typical market scenarios were used for modeling profitability: feed-wheat, flexible (feed or flour), and the flour market. A major finding was that, on average, MR cultivars were at least as profitable as S cultivars, regardless of epidemic severity or market. Fungicides were profitable in the feed-grain and flexible markets when DON was high, with MR cultivars in the flexible or flour markets when DON was intermediate, and on S cultivars aimed at the flexible market. The flour market was only profitable when FHB was present if DON levels were intermediate and cultivar resistance was combined with a fungicide. It proved impossible to use the risk forecast to predict profitability of fungicide application. Overall, the results indicated that cultivar resistance to FHB was important for profitability, an FHB-targeted fungicide expanded market options when risk was moderate or high, and the efficacy of fungicide decision-making is reduced by factors that limit the accuracy of risk forecasts.

Total vegetation control: a comprehensive summary of herbicides, application timings, and resistance management options

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
Derek J. Sebastian ◽  
Shannon L. Clark ◽  
Scott J. Nissen ◽  
Dwight K. Lauer
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Probability Modeling ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Predicted Probability

AbstractTotal vegetation control (TVC) is an essential management practice to eliminate all vegetation for the purpose of protecting infrastructure, people, or natural resources on sites where vegetation poses major fire, visibility, and infrastructure risks. TVC is implemented on sites such as railroads, power substations, airports, roadsides, and oil and gas facilities. Current research has identified that tank-mixing two effective mechanisms of action is a superior resistance management strategy compared to rotating mechanisms of action; however, effective tank mixes for TVC have not been thoroughly evaluated. A field experiment was conducted from 2013 to 2014 at five sites in Colorado to compare 32 treatment combinations to two industry standards for TVC. Research objectives were (1) to identify herbicide tank-mix combinations for TVC with multiple effective mechanisms of action for resistance management, (2) to evaluate lower use rate alternatives to minimize nontarget impacts, and (3) to determine the efficacy of fall versus spring application timings. Seven treatments were identified as top-ranking treatments, averaging 96% bare-ground (BG) across five sites and two application timings. Four out of the seven top-ranked treatments included aminocyclopyrachlor, chlorsulfuron, and indaziflam. The industry standard diuron plus imazapyr was in the top ranking, whereas the other industry standard bromacil plus diuron performed inconsistently across sites. Probability modeling was used to predict the probability of achieving 97% or 100% BG with various treatment combinations. The combination of aminocyclopyrachlor, chlorsulfuron, indaziflam, and imazapyr had the highest predicted BG probability, with 88% predicted probability of achieving 100% BG, compared to 67% and 52% predicted probabilities for the industry standards diuron plus imazapyr and bromacil plus diuron, respectively. In three of the five sites, fall applications outperformed the same treatments applied in the spring. Several top-ranking treatments represent newer, lower use rate herbicide combinations that provide multiple mechanisms of action to manage herbicide-resistant weeds and minimize nontarget impacts.

scholarly journals Characterization of Agronomical and Quality Traits of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for Fusarium Head Blight Pressure in Different Environments

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Valentina Spanic ◽  
Josipa Cosic ◽  
Zvonimir Zdunic ◽  
Georg Drezner
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Varieties

For food security, it is essential to identify stable, high-yielding wheat varieties with lower disease severity. This is particularly important due to climate change, which results in pressure due to the increasing occurrence of Fusarium head blight (FHB). The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield under different environmental conditions. Twenty-five winter wheat varieties were evaluated under two treatments (naturally-disease infected (T1) and FHB artificial stress (T2)) during two growing seasons (2018–2019 to 2019–2020) in Osijek and in 2019–2020 in Tovarnik. The interaction between varieties and different environments for grain yield was described using the additive main-effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) effects model. The Kraljica and Fifi varieties were located near the origin of the biplot, thus indicating non-sensitivity to different environmental conditions. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to understand the trait and environmental relationships. PC1 alone contributed 42.5% of the total variation, which was mainly due to grain yield, 1000 kernel weight and test weight in that respective order. PC2 contributed 21.1% of the total variation mainly through the total sedimentation value, test weight, wet gluten and protein content ratio (VG/P) and wet gluten content, in descending order.

scholarly journals Effect of Fusarium Head Blight Management Practices on Mycotoxin Contamination of Wheat Straw

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 1141-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn M. Bissonnette ◽  
Frederic L. Kolb ◽  
Keith A. Ames ◽  
Carl A. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Quinone Outside Inhibitor ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Management of Fusarium graminearum-associated mycotoxins in wheat grain has been extensively evaluated, but little is known about management of mycotoxins in straw. Two research trials were conducted at four locations from 2011 to 2014. The objective of the first trial was to determine the efficacy of fungicides, and the objective of the second trial was to evaluate the use of integrated disease management strategies, for the control of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and reducing the concentration of the Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol in straw. In the first trial, it was determined that demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides did not offer significant (P ≤ 0.05) reductions of mycotoxin concentrations in the straw compared with a no-fungicide control treatment, but significant (P ≤ 0.05) reductions in mycotoxin concentration were observed in the control when compared with treatments with the application of quinone outside inhibitor (QoI)-containing fungicides. In the second trial, mycotoxin concentrations in the straw were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced in the moderately resistant cultivar compared with the susceptible cultivar, but were not affected by the use of a fungicide. The practices typically used to manage Fusarium mycotoxins in wheat grain, especially the selection of resistant cultivars and not using a QoI fungicide, may be an effective means to reduce mycotoxin concentrations in the straw.

scholarly journals Grain Harvesting Strategies to Minimize Grain Quality Losses Due to Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 1448-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge David Salgado ◽  
Matthew Wallhead ◽  
Laurence V. Madden ◽  
Pierce A. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Price Discounts ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grain Prices

Fusarium head blight (FHB) reduces wheat grain yield and quality, leading to price discounts due to Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK), deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination of grain, and reduced test weight (weight per unit volume of grain). Experiments were conducted to determine whether changing combine harvester configurations to differentially remove diseased kernels affected the yield and quality of grain harvested from plots with different mean levels of FHB index (IND, mean proportion of diseased spikelets per spike), achieved with inoculations at different spore densities. Plots were harvested using four combine configurations, with C1 being the standard, set at a fan speed of 1,375 rpm and a shutter opening of 70 mm, and C2, C3, and C4 regulated to fan speeds and shutter openings of 1,475 rpm and 70 mm, 1,475 rpm and 90 mm, and 1,375 rpm and 90 mm, respectively. C3 and C4 consistently had significantly lower mean arcsine-transformed FDK and log-transformed DON and higher mean test weight than did C1. However, C3 and C4 also resulted in significantly lower mean amounts of harvested grain than did C1. The estimated mean responses to combine configuration were consistent across a range of mean IND levels (5 to 35%). Using a common price discount schedule based on the incidence of FDK, DON, and test weight, and the mean values found in the current investigation for these grain-quality variables, configurations C2, C3, and C4 resulted in between $10 and 40/t lower estimated grain price discounts than C1, with the lowest discounts corresponding to C3 and C4. Using the discount values, a range of grain prices, and the mean yield values from this investigation, estimated gross cash income (GCI; mean estimated yield × grain price adjusted for discounts due to inferior quality) was generally higher for grain harvested with C2 and C4 than with C1 or C3, with C4 being the most consistent across a range of IND levels (5 to 35%) and grain prices ($118 to 276/t). For all modified configurations, the greatest increases in GCI over C1 were observed at the lowest tested grain price, and the improvement of GCI over C1 increased with increasing IND up to the highest disease level tested. Thus, these results showed that, when harvesting grain from FHB-affected fields, the improvement in grain quality and reduction in price discounts with a combine adjustment could be great enough to counteract the reduction in harvested grain that results from the adjustment.

scholarly journals Are DMI+QoI premixes applied during flowering worth for protecting wheat yields from Fusarium head blight? A meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhonatan Paulo Barro ◽  
Flávio Martins Santana ◽  
Franklin J. Machado ◽  
Maíra Rodrigues Duffeck ◽  
Douglas Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Quinone Outside Inhibitor ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Dmi Fungicides ◽  
The Individual

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum, is best controlled with demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides applied during flowering. However, the use of premixes of DMI and quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides to control FHB has increased in Brazil, but the individual results are inconsistent. Data on FHB severity and wheat yields measured in field experiments conducted in Brazil were gathered from both peer- and non-peer-reviewed sources published from 2000 to 2018. After applying selection criteria, 35 bibliographic sources, contributing 73 (50% from cooperative trials) trials, were identified. At least one of four DMI+QoI premixes and one tebuconazole (TEB) treatment, applied mostly twice (full-flowering and 10 days) tested in at least 14 trials and three year each, were present in a selected trial. Estimates of percent control (and respective 95%CI) by a network model ranged from 44.1% (pyraclostrobin + metconazole applied once; 32.4 - 53.7) to 64.3% (pyraclostrobin + metconazole; 58.4 - 69.3); the latter not differing from TEB (59.9%, 53.6 - 65.3). Yield response was statistically similar for pyraclostrobin + metconazole (532.1 kg/ha, 441 - 623) and trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole (494.9 kg/ha, 385 - 551), and both differed statistically from a group composed of TEB (448.2 kg/ha, 342 - 554), trifloxystrobin + TEB (468.2 kg/ha, 385 - 551), azoxystrobin + TEB (462.4 kg/ha, 366 - 558) and pyraclostrobin + metconazole applied once (413.7 kg/ha, 308 - 518). The two categories of FHB index (7% cut off) and yield (3,000 kg/ha), both in the non-treated check, did not explain the heterogeneity in the estimates. The probability of not-offsetting control costs was generally lower than 0.45 for scenarios considering two sequential sprays of the low-cost TEB or one spray of pyraclostrobin + metconazole as management choices. The envisioned enhanced economic return, solely based on yield response, from using two sprays of DMI+QoI premixes to control FHB should be seen with caution given the marginal levels of profitability.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis of the Effects of QoI and DMI Fungicide Combinations on Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol in Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 2602-2615 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Paul ◽  
C. A. Bradley ◽  
L. V. Madden ◽  
F. Dalla Lana ◽  
G. C. Bergstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Quinone Outside Inhibitor ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Demethylation Inhibitor ◽  
Do So

Field trials were conducted in 17 U.S. states to evaluate the effects of quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) and demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide programs on Fusarium head blight index (IND) and deoxynivalenol (DON) toxin in wheat. Four DMI-only treatments applied at Feekes 10.5.1, five QoI-only treatments applied between Feekes 9 or Feekes 10.5, three QoI+DMI mixtures applied at Feekes 10.5, and three treatments consisting of a QoI at Feekes 9 followed by a DMI at Feekes 10.5.1 were evaluated. Network meta-analytical models were fitted to log-transformed mean IND and DON data and estimated contrasts of log means were used to obtain estimates of mean percent controls relative to the nontreated check as measures of efficacy. Results from the meta-analyses were also used to assess the risk of DON increase in future trials. DMI at Feekes 10.5.1 were the most effective programs against IND and DON and the least likely to increase DON in future trials. QoI-only programs increased mean DON over the nontreated checks and were the most likely to do so in future trials, particularly when applied at Feekes 10.5. The effects of QoI+DMI combinations depended on the active ingredients and whether the two were applied as a mixture at heading or sequentially. Following a Feekes 9 QoI application with a Feekes 10.5.1 application of a DMI reduced the negative effect of the QoI on DON but was not sufficient to achieve the efficacy of the Feekes 10.5.1 DMI-only treatments. Our results suggest that one must be prudent when using QoI treatments under moderate to high risk of FHB, particularly where the QoI is used without an effective DMI applied in combination or in sequence.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document