scholarly journals Effect of Different Thinning Techniques on Fruit Set, Leaf Area, Yield and Fruit Quality Parameters of Prunus persica, L. Batsch cv. Floridaprince

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. El-Boray ◽  
A.M. Shalan ◽  
Z.M. Khouri
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Quality Parameters

Mechanical blossom thinning of apples and influence on yield, fruit quality and spur leaf area

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 887-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra A. McClure ◽  
John A. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Load Management ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Mechanical Removal ◽  
New Crop

McClure, K. A. and Cline, J. A. 2015. Mechanical blossom thinning of apples and influence on yield, fruit quality and spur leaf area. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 887–896. Apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) trees tend to crop heavily, which often makes crop load adjustment necessary. This can now be achieved as early as bloom by mechanical removal/thinning of blossoms. High-density Empire/M.26 and Royal Gala/M.26 apple trees were mechanically (MBT) and hand blossom thinned (HBT) in 2010 and 2011, respectively, and their effects on fruit set, subsequent hand thinning, final crop load, and spur leaf area were measured. In both years, MBT effectively thinned trees and reduced fruit set, but did not reduce the requirement for follow-up hand fruitlet thinning after June drop in 2011. In 2010, harvest yields for MBT treatments decreased, while weight and diameter increased. In 2011, most harvest and fruit quality parameters were unaffected by thinning. Trees that were mechanically thinned had significantly reduced spur leaf area, but were similar to unthinned control trees with respect to many of the yield and quality parameters measured. Mechanical blossom thinning is a new crop load management option for apple growers looking to supplement more traditional chemical and hand thinning techniques.

scholarly journals The impact of location, row direction, plant density and rootstock on the sunburn damage of apple cultivars

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Racskó ◽  
J. Nagy ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
M. Major ◽  
J. Nyéki
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Apple Seedling ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crab Apple

The effect of row direction (N-S, E-W), plant density (conventional and intensive) and rootstock (M9, MM106 and crab apple) on the sensitivity of 41 apple cultivars to sunburn injury was studied at 6 locations (Derecske, Kálmánáaza, Nagykutas, Nagylapos, Siófok, Tornyospálca). During the observations the cultivars had rootstock-specific properties in respect of sunburn-susceptibility. Accordingly, the injury was decreased in the order: M9, MM106 and seedling rootstocks. The differences in sensitivity depend on the canopy of trees, caused finally by the growing vigour of rootstocks. Accordingly, the highest value of sunburn injury was observed on M9 rootstock, because this rootstock has a dwarfing effect upon the scion cultivars. Thus, vegetative area of these trees grow very slowly and the foliage is not enough compact to protect the fruit from solar radiation. The size and density of the foliage increased in the order: M9, MM 106 and crab apple seedling as rootstock. Moreover, relationships were demonstrated between the diameter of upper part of the crown, the leaf area, the number of fruits per tree and the injury of sunburn. Authors categorized the cultivars in respect of values of sunburn incidence: 1. „Not sensitive", II. „Moderately sensitive" and HI. „Strongly sensitive" categories were constituted. Generally, Topaz and Gala cultivars showed low damage (or were free from symptoms), in contrast to this, Golden mutants suffered relatively much. The most sensitive cultivar was Jonica on all the three rootstocks. We searched for relationship between the fruit quality parameters and the frequency of sunburn. Significant correlation was found in the cases of fruit size and the extent of cover-colour. The latter is interpreted with the fact that the best coloured fruits are found on the periphery of crown as a consequence of more intense irradiation.

EFFECT OF N-PHENYL-PHTHALAMIC ACID AND FERTILIZATION ON FLOWERING, FRUIT SET AND FRUIT QUALITY PARAMETERS OF SWEET CHERRY

2008 ◽  
pp. 727-732
Author(s):  
S. Thurzó ◽  
J. Racskó ◽  
ZS. Veres ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Phthalamic Acid

scholarly journals Metabolite Fruit Profile Is Altered in Response to Source–Sink Imbalance and Can Be Used as an Early Predictor of Fruit Quality in Nectarine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Paz Covarrubias ◽  
Victoria Lillo-Carmona ◽  
Lorena Melet ◽  
Gianfranco Benedetto ◽  
Diego Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Source Sink

Peaches and nectarines [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] are among the most exported fresh fruit from Chile to the Northern Hemisphere. Fruit acceptance by final consumers is defined by quality parameters such as the size, weight, taste, aroma, color, and juiciness of the fruit. In peaches and nectarines, the balance between soluble sugars present in the mesocarp and the predominant organic acids determines the taste. Biomass production and metabolite accumulation by fruits occur during the different developmental stages and depend on photosynthesis and carbon export by source leaves. Carbon supply to fruit can be potentiated through the field practice of thinning (removal of flowers and young fruit), leading to a change in the source–sink balance favoring fruit development. Thinning leads to fruit with increased size, but it is not known how this practice could influence fruit quality in terms of individual metabolite composition. In this work, we analyzed soluble metabolite profiles of nectarine fruit cv “Magique” at different developmental stages and from trees subjected to different thinning treatments. Mesocarp metabolites were analyzed throughout fruit development until harvest during two consecutive harvest seasons. Major polar compounds such as soluble sugars, amino acids, organic acids, and some secondary metabolites were measured by quantitative 1H-NMR profiling in the first season and GC-MS profiling in the second season. In addition, harvest and ripening quality parameters such as fruit weight, firmness, and acidity were determined. Our results indicated that thinning (i.e., source–sink imbalance) mainly affects fruit metabolic composition at early developmental stages. Metabolomic data revealed that sugar, organic acid, and phenylpropanoid pathway intermediates at early stages of development can be used to segregate fruits impacted by the change in source–sink balance. In conclusion, we suggest that the metabolite profile at early stages of development could be a metabolic predictor of final fruit quality in nectarines.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Pollinators on Fruit Set and Fruit Quality Parameters of Some Foreign Apricot Varieties in Kayseri Ecological Conditions (Central Anatolia, Turkey)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1589-1592
Author(s):  
Mehmet Yaman ◽  
Hasan Pınar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Paternal Parent

Turkey is among the rare countries in terms of plant diversity, and thus, most plant species spread widely throughout the country. Apricot is one of these plant species. Due to the self-incompatibility seen in apricots, it is necessary to use a pollinator variety for a quality and efficient product. With this study carried out in 2021 year, the effects of different pollinators on fruit set and some fruit quality parameters of Casne Drenova, Ninfa and P. de Tyrinthe cultivars were investigated in Kayseri ecological conditions. In the study, early ripening apricot varieties were used as paternal parent. According to the results of the study, it was shown that fruit set values varied between 11.6% and 22.6%. In the pomological parameters examined in the study, in general (except for fruit firmness), differences were found in combinations using different pollinators compared to the open pollinated fruits of the maternal parent. It is foreseen that the results obtained will be guiding especially in the breeding studies to be carried out with these varieties and in the establishment of new orchards.

scholarly journals Bloom Thinning `Loadel' Cling Peach with a Surfactant

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Southwick ◽  
Kitren G. Weis ◽  
James T. Yeager
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Akzo Nobel ◽  
Leaf Yellowing ◽  
Normal Hand ◽  
Spray Volume

Hand thinning fruit is required every season to ensure large fruit size of `Loadel' cling peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] in California. Chemical thinning may lower costs of hand thinning. A surfactant, Armothin {[N,N-bis 2-(omega-hydroxypolyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene) ethyl alkylamine]; AKZO-Nobel, Chicago; AR}, was sprayed at 80% of full bloom (FB), FB, and FB + 3 days. The spray volume was 935 liters/ha. Concentrations of AR were 1%, 3%, and 5% (v/v). An early hand thinning in late April, a normal hand thinning at 13 days before standard reference date (early May), and a nonthinned control were compared to bloom-thinned trees for set, yield, and fruit quality. AR resulted in no damage to fruit; however, slight leaf yellowing and burn and small shoot dieback were seen at the 5% concentration. Fruit set, and therefore, the number of fruit that had to be hand thinned, were reduced with 3% AR applied at 80% FB and 5% AR applied at all bloom phenophases (stages of bloom development). Thinning time was reduced by 37% (5% AR applied at 80% FB), 28% (5% applied at FB), and by 20% (3% applied at 80% of FB), compared to the normally hand-thinned control. Although AR resulted in early size (cross suture diameter and weight) advantages, at harvest there were no significant differences in fruit size among all AR treatments and the normally hand-thinned control. Total and salable yields of AR treatments and the normally hand-thinned control were equal. Armothin shows promise for chemical thinning of peach when used as a bloom thinner.

scholarly journals Ethephon as a Blossom and Fruitlet Thinner Affects Crop Load, Fruit Weight, Fruit Quality, and Return Bloom of ‘Summerred’ Apple (Malus ×domestica) Borkh.

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekjell Meland ◽  
Clive Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Biennial Bearing ◽  
Green Background ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Return Bloom

‘Summerred’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) are highly susceptible to biennial bearing if not properly thinned. This results in erratic yields and also affects fruit quality adversely. Between 2003 and 2005, ‘Summered’/‘M9’ trees were treated with ethephon at concentrations of 250, 375, and 500 mg·L−1 when most king flowers opened (≈20% bloom) or at concentrations of 500, 625, and 750 mg·L−1 when the average fruitlet size was 10 mm in diameter. The experiment was conducted with 2.5-m height slender spindle trees sprayed to the point of runoff with a hand applicator only when temperatures exceeded 15 °C. Within 2 weeks after the second application, fruit set was reduced linearly with increasing concentrations of ethephon to less than one fruitlet per cluster at the highest concentrations used. Most thinning treatments reduced fruit set significantly compared with unthinned trees. Fruit numbers per tree decreased significantly with increasing ethephon concentrations, and the highest concentrations of ethephon applied during bloom or when the average fruitlet size was 10 mm in diameter resulted in overthinning. Yield results confirmed the fruit set response in which yield reductions were significant at the highest concentrations of ethephon (2.1 kg/tree) compared with hand-thinned trees (7.3 kg/tree) in 2005. All thinning treatments resulted in higher percentage of fruits larger than 60 mm diameter compared with unthinned control fruit. Thinning resulted in significantly higher soluble solid contents, and this was especially so for hand-thinned trees. Other fruit quality parameters like yellow–green background color did not show a clear response to thinning. Return bloom was, however, improved on all thinned trees. It is recommended that ethephon be applied at a rate of 375 mg·L−1 when king flowers open or at a rate of 625 mg·L−1 when the average fruitlet size is 10 mm in diameter. This thins ‘Summerred’ apples to a target of approximately five fruits/cm2 per trunk cross-sectional area or 50 to 70 fruits per 100 flower clusters without impacting on fruit quality, yield, or return bloom the next year.

scholarly journals N-Phenyl-Phthalamic Acid and Fertilization Effects on Flowering, Fruit Set and Fruit Quality of Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)

2006 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
József Racskó
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Phthalamic Acid ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Tree Quality ◽  
Fertilization Effects

On seven apple cultivars (Gala Must, Gloster, Granny Smith, Idared, Jonagold, Jonathan Csány 1, Mutsu), the authors studied the influence of N-phenyl-phthalamic (PPA) acid and fertilization on flowering, fruit set and fruit quality in the years 2003-2004. The research results showed that PPA application extended the flowering time of the most cultivars. Fruit set of apple cultivars increased in many cases when regulator was applied. The additional nutrient supply could increase the fruit set too. The increase of fruit set increased the number of fruit per tree. Quality parameters determined by fertilization and fruit number per tree. For example, when N-phenyl-phthalamic acid was applied without fertilization the fruit number per tree increased considerably however, it caused a considerable frittering away. The reason for this is that fruit set was high and fruit received not enough nutrition for growing up. The skin colour of fruits was decreased in several cases by the treatments. In one respect the enlarged fruit number was shaded the others and the fertilization increased the vegetative shading leaf area.

scholarly journals Topping and Pruning Effects on Yield and Fruit Size of Navel Orange

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 885D-886
Author(s):  
Craig E. Kallsen*
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Navel Orange ◽  
Positive Linear Correlation ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Orange Trees

Yield, fruit quality parameters and pruning costs were compared among differentially-pruned, mature navel orange trees planted at a density of 222 trees per hectare (90 trees per acre) in 2000, 2001 and 2002. The experiment was designed as a replicated, split block with topping height as the main plot split by three levels of interior pruning as subplots. A tree was reduced in height by mechanical topping to 4.3 m, 4.9 m or left untopped and hand pruned according to one of the three following options: 1. scaffold removal in March of 2000 followed by dead-brushing in 2001, and 2002; 2. dead-brushing only in 2000, 2001, and 2002; or 3. no topping or dead-brushing. Scaffold removal resulted in removal of approximately 50% of the tree canopy. Data were collected from experimental trees surrounded by similarly topped and interiorly pruned border trees. A highly significant positive-linear correlation (r2 = 0.95) was found between the total numbers of fruit produced annually per hectare versus the total number of fruit sized 72 to 88 mm in diameter (i.e. fruit sized such that 88 to 48 may be packed in a standard 17-kg packing carton). This functional relationship existed whether reductions in fruit numbers were the result of severe pruning in March or from, apparently, weather-related year to year variability in fruit set. These results suggest that anything in this orchard that reduces fruit numbers below approximately 250,000 fruit per hectare at harvest (100,000 per acre) will result in a mathematically predictable decrease in the total number of harvested fruit sized 72 to 88 mm in diameter. Trees that were not topped and which had no interior pruning produced the largest number of valuable fruit without additional pruning costs.

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