scholarly journals Applying airport centrality as an operational continuity indicator

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Eliane Brito ◽  
Maria Emília Baltazar ◽  
Jorge Miguel Reis Silva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Graph Theory ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Equitable Access ◽  
Regional Networks ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Over Time

The research aims to propose a methodology to estimate the reliability of the Brazilian airport network (domestic passenger traffic), based on the centrality of airports (Network Theory). The applied methodologies are related to Network Theory, a branch of Graph Theory, and reliability. Reliability is associated with the good functioning of a product or system, the absence of breaks or failures in each period and the environmental conditions of use of the item. The data used refer to the period 2000-2018 and were obtained from the sector's regulatory body in Brazil. The study allows to estimate the reliability of the airport network, based on the centrality of airports (Network Theory). The results allow airports to be classified into three groups: adequate context, worrying context and critical context, thus signalling airports that may stop operating regular domestic traffic. The study does not aim to overlap or replace conventional analyses, recognized by the results, and applied over time. However, to present a new tool that allows the monitoring and preliminary analysis of airport networks, mainly domestic and regional networks, signalling to airport operators, regulators, and airlines the need for intervention (measures to reverse the trend) in the network, thus allowing, economic development and equitable access to all regions.

Intra-sectoral and Intersectoral Parity Issues in Pricing of Agricultural Crops: A Preliminary Analysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-417
Author(s):  
Sarfraz K. Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Price Determination ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Government ◽  
Distribution Of Income ◽  
Over Time

Intersectoral terms of trade play a cruc1al role in determining the sectoral distribution of income and resource allocation in the developing countries. The significance of intra-sectoral terms of trade for the allocation of resources within the agricultural sector is also widely accepted by research scholars and policy-makers. In the context of planned development, the government specifies production targets for the agricultural sector and for different crops. The intervention of government in the field of price determination has important implications for the achievement of planned targets. In Pakistan, there is a feeling among many groups including farmers and politicians with a rural background that prices of agricultural crops have not kept their parities intact over time and that prices generally do not cover the costs of production. The feeling that production incentives for agriculture have been eroded is especially strong for the period since the early 1970s. It is argued that strong inflationary pressures supported by a policy of withdrawal of government subsidies on agricultural inputs have resulted in rapid increases in the prices paid by agriculturists and that increases in the prices received by farmers were not enough to compensate them for the rising prices of agricultural inputs and consumption goods.

The Economic Development of Manchuria: The Rise of a Frontier Economy

1974 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Eckstein ◽  
Kang Chao ◽  
John Chang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Frontier Economy

The paper we are presenting here is in essence an interim research report, a summary and preliminary analysis of findings based on a larger study still under way. Thus both the findings and the interpretations are subject to revision as we continue and complete our investigation.

The Fall of Balmaceda and Public Finance in Chile: New Data for an Old Debate

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Bowman ◽  
Michael Wallerstein
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Parliamentary System ◽  
Presidential System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Over Time

The 1891 civil war that led to the downfall of President José Manuel Balmaceda is without doubt one of the most visible episodes of Chilean history. Already the subject of a voluminous bibliography by 1894 (Echeverría y Reyes, 1894), the “revolution's” importance to historians of Chile actually increased over time as a new generation of scholars came to view it not merely as a discrete event of limited intrinsic interest but as an important key to understanding Chile's subsequent political and economic development. In retrospect, the conflict came to be seen as a “crucial watershed” in Chilean history (Blakemore, 1974: 243), marking the replacement of a presidential system—1833-1891—notable in nineteenth-century Latin America for political stability, by a parliamentary system—1891-1924—notorious for political and monetary disorder.

Mobilizing a fast policy fix: Exploring the translation of 10-year plans to end homelessness in Alberta, Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-521
Author(s):  
Joshua Evans ◽  
Jeffrey R Masuda
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Housing First ◽  
Adaptive Governance ◽  
Technical Expertise ◽  
Dense Network ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time

The management of homelessness has taken various forms over time. In 2003, the U.S. federal government significantly shifted its approach, ambitiously committing to end homelessness within 10 years by targeting the chronically homeless using the Housing First model. This approach to homelessness has rapidly spread across North America and beyond. This article is concerned with how the mobility of these 10-year plans has been realized. Drawing on Peck and Theodore’s concept of “fast policy,” and borrowing perspectives developed in actor-network theory, the article develops a case study of Alberta, Canada, to chronicle how 10-year plans were translated through a dense network of political alignments, socio-technical expertise, and statistical inscriptions. A close examination of these translations invites us to problematize this socio-technical infrastructure as a powerful mode of adaptive governance closely associated with the dynamism of neoliberalism itself.

scholarly journals A novel similarity measure for missing link prediction in social networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1071
Author(s):  
Gogulamudi Naga Chandrika ◽  
E. Srinivasa Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Complex Networks ◽  
Similarity Measure ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Link Prediction ◽  
Prediction Methods ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
The Social ◽  
Hidden Patterns ◽  
Over Time

<p><span>Social Networks progress over time by the addition of new nodes and links, form associations with one community to the other community. Over a few decades, the fast expansion of Social Networks has attracted many researchers to pay more attention towards complex networks, the collection of social data, understand the social behaviors of complex networks and predict future conflicts. Thus, Link prediction is imperative to do research with social networks and network theory. The objective of this research is to find the hidden patterns and uncovered missing links over complex networks. Here, we developed a new similarity measure to predict missing links over social networks. The new method is computed on common neighbors with node-to-node distance to get better accuracy of missing link prediction. </span><span>We tested the proposed measure on a variety of real-world linked datasets which are formed from various linked social networks. The proposed approach performance is compared with contemporary link prediction methods. Our measure makes very effective and intuitive in predicting disappeared links in linked social networks.</span></p>

Conclusion

2019 ◽  
pp. 213-216
Author(s):  
Paul Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Abstract Theory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Over Time

This concluding chapter argues that Russian conservatism is a response to the pressures of modernization and Westernization and, more recently, globalization. For the past two centuries, conservatives have sought to adapt to these pressures while preserving national identity and political and social stability. Although the specific policies being proposed have changed over time, conservatism's approach to change has remained consistent. In this way, Russian conservatism today evinces a clear continuity with Russian conservatism of the past. In particular, Russian conservatives have continually proposed forms of cultural, political, and economic development that are seen as building on existing traditions, identity, and forms of government and economic and social life, rather than being imposed on the basis of abstract theory and foreign models.

Graph Theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 354-370
Author(s):  
Seethalakshmi R.
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
Market Structure ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Financial Analysts ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Topological Properties ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Analytical Geometry ◽  
Innovative Methods

Mathematics acts an important and essential need in different fields. One of the significant roles in mathematics is played by graph theory that is used in structural models and innovative methods, models in various disciplines for better strategic decisions. In mathematics, graph theory is the study through graphs by which the structural relationship studied with a pair wise relationship between different objects. The different types of network theory or models or model of the network are called graphs. These graphs do not form a part of analytical geometry, but they are called graph theory, which is points connected by lines. The various concepts of graph theory have varied applications in diverse fields. The chapter will deal with graph theory and its application in various financial market decisions. The topological properties of the network of stocks will provide a deeper understanding and a good conclusion to the market structure and connectivity. The chapter is very useful for academicians, market researchers, financial analysts, and economists.

Service Innovation Using Actor Network Theory

2011 ◽  
pp. 20-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna Uden ◽  
Janet Francis
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Service Innovation ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Service Systems ◽  
Actor Network ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Service Oriented

Our economy is becoming more and more service-oriented, with distinctions between services and non-services making less and less sense. In today’s society, innovations are no longer luxury items. Instead, they are necessities and a means of economic development and competitiveness. The introduction of innovative new services is a priority for most companies. Innovation now holds the key to service performance. Currently there is a lack of understanding of the science underlying the design and operation of service systems. New conceptual understanding and theoretical underpinnings are required to systematically describe the nature and behaviour of service systems. We believe that Actor Network Theory (ANT) can be used as a theoretical lens to study the development and adoption of service innovation. ANT is a heterogeneous amalgamation of conceptual, textual and social actors. It is well suited to explain and help with the design of service systems. The development and adoption of service innovation requires the integration of multiple elements including people, technologies and networks across organisations. Technologies and interests of actors need to be aligned and coordinated for successful service innovation. In this paper we show how ANT is adopted as a theoretical framework for understanding the relationships among the actors and show how these actors have their needs shaped by the network formation during the development and adoption of service innovation for a university.

Institutions, Investment, and Growth in Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 220-237
Author(s):  
Giovanni Andrea Cornia
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Economic Institutions ◽  
Formal Institutions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Macroeconomic Stability

Many analyses of long-term development neglect the importance of formal and informal political and economic institutions in developing countries. This chapter discusses the nature of such institutions, their endogeneity and persistence over time as well as their impact on growth, inequality, and political stability. The chapter places particular attention on the institutions that build the market and facilitate economic exchange, and on the public organizations mandated with their enforcement. It then discusses their impact on growth and macroeconomic stability as well as the role played by informal institutions in developing countries where formal institutions are often perceived as a costly obstacle to economic development.

Actor-Network Theory and Autopoiesis

2009 ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Lars Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Actor Network ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Over Time

A new knowledge management perspective and tool, ANT/AUTOPOIESIS, for analysis of knowledge management in knowledge-intensive organizations is presented. An information technology (IT) research and innovation co-operation between university actors and companies interested in the area of smart home IT applications is used to illustrate analysis using this perspective. Actor-network theory (ANT) and the social theory of autopoiesis are used in analyzing knowledge management, starting from the foundation of a research co-operation. ANT provides the character of relations between actors and actants, how power is translated by actors and the transformation of relations over time. The social theory of autopoiesis provides the tools to analyze organizational closure and reproduction of organizational identity. The perspective used allows a process analysis, and at the same time analysis of structural characteristics of knowledge management. Knowledge management depends on powerful actors, whose power changes over time. Here this power is entrepreneurial and based on relations and actors’ innovation knowledge.

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