Interaction of ω-3 fatty acids with B vitamins in slowing the progression of brain atrophy: identifying the elderly at risk

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND High-oleic (HO) seed oils are being introduced as replacements for trans fatty acid (TFA)–containing fats and oils. Negative health effects associated with TFAs led to their removal from the US Generally Recognized As Safe list. HO oils formulated for use in food production may result in changes in fatty acid intake at population levels. Objectives The purposes of this study were to 1) identify major food sources of soybean oil (SO) and canola oil (CO), 2) estimate effects of replacing SO and CO with HO varieties on fatty acid intake overall and by age and sex strata, and 3) compare predicted intakes with the Dietary Reference Intakes and Adequate Intakes (AIs) for the essential fatty acids (EFAs) α-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA). Design Food and nutrient intakes from NHANES waves 2007–2008, 2009–2010, 2011–2012, and 2013–2014 in 21,029 individuals aged ≥20 y were used to model dietary changes. We estimated the intake of fatty acid with the replacement of HO-SO and HO-CO for commodity SO and CO at 10%, 25%, and 50% and evaluated the potential for meeting the AI at these levels. RESULTS Each modeling scenario decreased saturated fatty acids (SFAs), although intakes remained greater than recommended for all age and sex groups. Models of all levels increased the intake of total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), especially oleic acid, and decreased the intake of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly LA and ALA. Replacement of traditional with HO oils at 25–50% places specific adult age and sex groups at risk of not meeting the AI for LA and ALA. Conclusions The replacement of traditional oils with HO varieties will increase MUFA intake and reduce both SFA and PUFA intakes, including EFAs, and may place specific age and sex groups at risk of inadequate LA and ALA intake.

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Mediterranean diet and depression

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980007668578 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 9 (8A) ◽

pp. 1104-1109 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

A Sánchez-Villegas ◽

P Henríquez ◽

M Bes-Rastrollo ◽

J Doreste

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Protective Role ◽

Study Data ◽

B Vitamins ◽

Folate Intake ◽

Adequate Intake ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Physically Active ◽

Mediterranean Dietary Pattern

AbstractObjectiveThe adherence to a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern ensures an adequate intake of B vitamins and w-3 fatty acids. A protective role on depression has been suggested for both nutrients.DesignCross-sectional analysis from the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) prospective cohort study. Data from 9670 participants (4211 men and 5459 women) were analised. Logistic regression analyses were fitted to assess the association between B-vitamins and w-3 fatty acids intake (quintiles) and the prevalence of depression.ResultsFolate intake was inversely associated with depression prevalence among men, especially smokers. Among women, B12 vitamin intake was inversely associated with depression, especially among smokers and physically active women. No significant associations were observed for w-3 fatty acids intake.ConclusionsThe adherence to a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern ensures an adequate intake of fruits, nuts, vegetables, cereals, legumes or fish, important sources of nutrients linked to depression prevention.

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Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Tryptophan, B Vitamins, SAMe, and Hypericum in the Adjunctive Treatment of Depression

Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods ◽

10.1201/9781420006186-23 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 391-408

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

B Vitamins ◽

Adjunctive Treatment ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Treatment Of Depression

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The Impact of Medium Chain and Polyunsaturated ω-3-Fatty Acids on Amyloid-β Deposition, Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Dysfunction Associated with Alzheimer´s Disease

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10121991 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1991

Author(s):

Janine Mett

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Energy Metabolism ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Membrane Integrity ◽

Amyloid Β ◽

The Elderly ◽

Medium Chain ◽

The Impact

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the elderly population, is closely linked to a dysregulated cerebral lipid homeostasis and particular changes in brain fatty acid (FA) composition. The abnormal extracellular accumulation and deposition of the peptide amyloid-β (Aβ) is considered as an early toxic event in AD pathogenesis, which initiates a series of events leading to neuronal dysfunction and death. These include the induction of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, the disruption of calcium homeostasis and membrane integrity, an impairment of cerebral energy metabolism, as well as synaptic and mitochondrial dysfunction. Dietary medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and polyunsaturated ω-3-fatty acids (ω-3-PUFAs) seem to be valuable for disease modification. Both classes of FAs have neuronal health-promoting and cognition-enhancing properties and might be of benefit for patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms by which MCFAs and ω-3-PUFAs reduce the cerebral Aβ deposition, improve brain energy metabolism, and lessen oxidative stress levels.

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Status Gizi pada Lansia Pengguna dan Bukan Pengguna Gigi Tiruan

e-GIGI ◽

10.35790/eg.v9i2.34899 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 217

Author(s):

Dwita N. Halim ◽

Vonny N. S. Wowor ◽

Dinar A. Wicaksono

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Literature Review ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Tooth Loss ◽

Critical Appraisal ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Randomized Controlled

Abstract: Tooth loss which is often found among elderly may cause problems in mastication. Chewing efficiency may decrease if the elderly do not replace the function of the missing teeth by using dentures. This can further affect their nutritional intake and nutritional status. This study was aimed to explore scientific information regarding differences in elderly nutritional status of removable denture wearers and non-denture wearers. This was a literature review study by searching data on three databases, namely Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using keywords and a combination of boolean operators. After being selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, a critical appraisal was performed, and 10 literatures were obtained consisting of cross-sectional, cohort, and randomized controlled trial design studies. The results showed that the percentage of the elderly with normal nutritional status was higher in denture wearers than in non-denture wearers. There was an increase in nutritional status based on MNA and MNA-SF scores in the elderly after wearing removable dentures. Among elderly, the nutritional status of denture wearers was relatively at risk of malnutrition, while of non-denture wearers was at risk of malnutrition and experienced malnutrition. In conclusion, risk of malnutrition and the occurrence of malnutrition are greater in non-denture wearer elderly.Keywords: nutritional status; elderly; tooth loss; denture wearers; removable dentures Abstrak: Kehilangan gigi yang banyak ditemukan pada lansia dapat menyebabkan timbulnya gangguan dalam pengunyahan. Efisiensi kunyah dapat menurun bila lansia tidak menggantikan fungsi gigi asli yang hilang dengan menggunakan gigi tiruan. Hal tersebut dapat berpengaruh terhadap asupan nutrisi dan status gizi lansia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah mengenai perbedaan status gizi pada lansia pengguna dan bukan pengguna gigi tiruan lepasan. Jenis penelitian ialah suatu literature review dengan pencarian data pada tiga database yaitu Pubmed, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar menggunakan kata kunci dan kombinasi boolean operator. Setelah diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, dilakukan critical appraisal, dan didapatkan 10 literatur dengan desain studi cross sectional, cohort, dan randomized controlled trial. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan persentase lansia dengan status gizi normal lebih besar ditemukan pada lansia pengguna gigi tiruan daripada lansia bukan pengguna gigi tiruan. Terdapat peningkatan status gizi berdasarkan skor MNA dan MNA-SF pada lansia setelah pemakaian gigi tiruan lepasan. Status gizi lansia pengguna gigi tiruan relatif berisiko malnutrisi, sedangkan pada lansia bukan pengguna gigi tiruan berisiko malnutrisi dan mengalami malnutrisi. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah risiko malnutrisi dan terjadinya malnutrisi lebih besar ditemukan pada lansia bukan pengguna gigi tiruan.Kata kunci: status gizi, lansia; kehilangan gigi; pengguna gigi tiruan; gigi tiruan lepasan

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Interaction of dietary fat intake and omega-3 fatty acids, on platelet aggregation, haemostatic variables and serum lipids, in men at risk of heart disease

Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids ◽

10.1016/s0952-3278(97)90452-x ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 57 (4-5) ◽

pp. 518

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

Serum Lipids ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Dietary Fat Intake

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Introduction

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352722.013.43 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Phillip Kleespies

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Crisis Intervention ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

The Elderly ◽

Integrative Approach ◽

Emergency Intervention ◽

Interpersonal Victimization ◽

Behavioral Emergencies ◽

Psychological Risks

This book is about behavioral emergencies and the association between interpersonal victimization and subsequent suicidality and/or risk for violence toward others. Section I focuses on the differences between behavioral crises and behavioral emergencies and presents an integrative approach to crisis intervention and emergency intervention. Section II discusses the evaluation of suicide risk, risk of violence, and risk of interpersonal victimization in children and adolescents. Sections III and IV explore behavioral emergencies with adults and the elderly, while Section V deals with certain conditions or behaviors that may either need to be differentiated from a behavioral emergency, or understood as relevant to possibly heightening risk. Section VI describes treatments for patients with recurrent or ongoing risks, and Section VII is devoted to legal, ethical, and psychological risks faced by clinicians who work with patients who might be at risk to themselves or others.

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