scholarly journals The construction of national identities

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 763-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Almagro ◽  
David Andrés-Cerezo
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Family ◽  
Zero Sum ◽  
State Centralization ◽  
Country Specific

This paper explores the dynamics of nation‐building policies and the conditions under which a state can promote a shared national identity on its territory. A forward‐looking central government that internalizes identity dynamics shapes them by choosing the level of state centralization. Homogenization attempts are constrained by political unrest, electoral competition and the intergenerational transmission of identities within the family. We find nation‐building efforts are generally characterized by fast interventions. We show that a zero‐sum conflict over resources pushes long‐run dynamics toward homogeneous steady states and extreme levels of (de)centralization. We also find the ability to foster a common identity is highly dependent on initial conditions, and that country‐specific historical factors can have a lasting impact on the long‐run distribution of identities.

GROWTH AND CONVERGENCE THROUGH TECHNOLOGICAL INTERDEPENDENCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Wei Jin ◽  
Yixiao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Balanced Growth ◽  
Long Run ◽  
World Income ◽  
World Income Distribution ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Country Specific

This paper presents a multi-country version of the Ramsey growth model with cross-country technological interdependence. The results rationalize several stylized facts about growth and convergence. First, individual countries tend to converge toward country-specific balanced growth paths rather than steady-state equilibria. Second, an economy that accounts for a smaller share of the world technology distribution harnesses the “advantages of backwardness” to catch up at a faster speed. Third, countries grow at different rates during the phase of transitional dynamics. However, technological interdependence creates a force toward cross-country convergence in the growth rate and stability of world income distribution in the long run. Finally, cross-country differences in structural characteristics and initial conditions lead to divergences in the level of income per capita.

scholarly journals Pragmatics of improving planning and management in the hotel and restaurant business

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Zinoviy Bryindzia ◽  
Andrii Kulyk
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Planning And Management ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Strategic Factors ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Questionnaire Research ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
Strategic Perspective

Purpose. The aim of the article is substantiation of expediency of strategic planning of activity of hotel and restaurant business and formation of model of strategic management that will allow to activate potential of subjects of managing and to provide their stable development in strategic perspective. Methodology of research. The authors used empirical, statistical and questionnaire research methods to identify the factors influencing the activities of hotel and restaurant business. It allowed substantiating the stages of business planning and describing their implementation, the formation of an improved model of strategic management, development of proposals for baseline indicators. It is expedient to make decisions on the basis of indicators concerning directions and the purpose of development of business on rendering of services in this sphere. Findings. The reasons for the imbalance of the hotel and restaurant business are analysed and the need for strategic planning and management in this area is substantiated. The stages of planning of hotel and restaurant business are defined taking into account current and strategic factors of its development that will allow to form balance between the realized services and their needs in the market. A model of strategic management of the hotel and restaurant business has been developed, which is focused on the existing social and economic level achieved in this area, resource potential and assessment of the initial conditions and opportunities for development. The main problems of the hotel and restaurant business have been identified, taking into account which will allow to achieve a positive result in the long run and to form a sufficient level of competitiveness of business entities. Originality. The organizational and methodological bases of formation of effective management of hotel and restaurant business which are based on theories of sustainable, competitive and innovative development that will allow to develop various scenarios of business development taking into account current and strategic factors are deepened. Practical value. The obtained results form an important methodological basis for improving the mechanisms of strategic planning and management of hotel and restaurant business entities, as well as allow to form competitive and functional strategies for their development in the long run. Key words: hotel and restaurant business, model of strategic management, stages of planning, business plan, current factors, strategic factors.

scholarly journals Familjen i välfärdspolitiken

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Stanfors
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Welfare Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Family

The role of the family in Swedish welfare policyIn the present article, I discuss the role of the family in Swedish welfare policy, from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. I analyse men’s and women’s time use and focus on the organization of paid and unpaid work. I describe how time allocation varies with gender, family status, and life cycle. The analysis shows that the family plays a more important role in practice than in theory, mainly through the fact that women perform more unpaid work (housework and caregiving) than men, which affects both their income and their well-being negatively. I argue that gender equality must be given a more prominent position in Swedish welfare policy. For example, family policy must be reformed, with gender equality on the labour market and in the home as an explicit goal. The present situation for working parents is different from that of previous decades when Swedish family policy was formulated. Reforms are thus necessary for safeguarding welfare and population well-being in the short and long run.

scholarly journals The Tricky ’True Object’: Bourdieu’s Masculine Domination and Historicity

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Miklos Hadas
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
French Version ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Church

Pierre Bourdieu’s Masculine Domination was published in English in 2001, three years after the appearance of the French version. In order to deconstruct in vivo the working of sociological paradigm-alchemy, a close reading of the Bourdieusian argument is offered. After summing up the main thesis of the book, Bourdieu’s statements will be intended to be questioned, according to which the school, the family, the state and the church would reproduce, in the long run, masculine domination. The paper will also seek to identify the methodological trick of the Bourdieusian vision on history, namely that, metaphorically speaking, he compares the streaming river to the riverside cliffs. It will be argued that when Bourdieu discusses ‘the constancy of habitus’, the ‘permanence in and through change’, or the ‘strength of the structure’, he extends his paradigm about the displacement of the social structure to the displacement of the men/women relationship. Hence, it will be suggested that, in opposition to Bourdieu’s thesis, masculine domination is not of universal validity but its structural weight and character have fundamentally changed in the long run, i.e. the masculine habitual centre gradually shifted from a social practice governed by the drives of physical violence to symbolic violence.

Officeholding and Local Politics in Early Modern Wales: A Study of the Salesburys of Rhug and Bachymbyd, c. 1536–1621

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadie Jarrett
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status

Officeholding was a defining ascpect of early modern Welsh gentility and was more prominent in upholding the status and authority of the Welsh gentry than it was for their English counterparts. Using a case study of the Salesburys of Rhug and Bachymbyd, this article analyses the importance of officeholding to the Welsh gentry after the Acts of Union (1536 and 1543). It finds that the Salesburys were effective local administrators who understood how to use officeholding to enhance their status in their community. At the same time, the family were not isolated in the localities and they continually engaged with the agents of central government.

scholarly journals On colored HOMFLY polynomials for twist knots

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (34) ◽  
pp. 1450183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Mironov ◽  
Alexei Morozov ◽  
Andrey Morozov
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Model ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Differential Expansion ◽  
Generic Representation ◽  
Homfly Polynomials ◽  
Model Approach

Recent results of Gu and Jockers provide the lacking initial conditions for the evolution method in the case of the first nontrivially colored HOMFLY polynomials H[21] for the family of twist knots. We describe this application of the evolution method, which finally allows one to penetrate through the wall between (anti)symmetric and non-rectangular representations for a whole family. We reveal the necessary deformation of the differential expansion, what, together with the recently suggested matrix model approach gives new opportunities to guess what it could be for a generic representation, at least for the family of twist knots.

The Bolsheviks and the Family

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Waters
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Family ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Masses

The Bolsheviks considered the family to be a minor matter. The ABC of Communism, a popular exposition of Bolshevik Marxism published shortly after the October Revolution, detailed the economic and political institutions of Soviet Russia with only a passing reference to the public services that would emancipate women in the future society.1 Its authors, Nikolai Bukharin and Evgenii Preobrazhenskii, understood the revolutionary process chiefly as the by-product of economic development and expected socialism to come through the manipulation of economic mechanisms by central government, and in this they echoed the views of their party. The Bolshevik scenario did not preclude the ‘participation of the masses’ to use the vocabulary of the times. Individuals, women as well as men, were to enjoy unprecedented access to the political process, and as masters of the nation's resources would decide matters of state, each acting as part of the whole, or more exactly as part of a number of collectivities, first and foremost as members of the proletariat, but also as members of other groups including nationality, youth and women. While families in the past had played a crucial role in the creation and transmission of private property, with the overthrow of the exploitative capitalist system they would cease to function as providers of economic and psychological welfare. Instead the individual's social place and action would be determined by class and, to a lesser extent, by ethnicity, age and gender. Families belonged to the superstructure and were symptom rather than cause; they adapted to the needs of society, changing in response to the transformation of economic relations. Families, in other words, could look after themselves, and appropriate forms of private life would evolve without much outside intervention.

A Sibling-Pair Analysis for Causal Effect of Education on Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Bai ◽  
Yanjun Li
Keyword(s):  
Family Background ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Family ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Pair Analysis ◽  
Instrumental Variable Approach

Abstract This paper examines the causal effect of education on long-run physical health, using survey data on matched siblings. By adopting a sibling-differences strategy, we are able to obtain estimates that are not biased by unobserved genetic factors and family background which affect both education and health. To address the potential endogenous shocks that affect siblings differently within the family, we further employ an instrumental variable approach by exploiting a profound disturbance in the education system during the Cultural Revolution in China. The within-sibling estimates suggest that an additional year of schooling is found to be positively related to health status later in life (better self-reported health, lower probability of feeling uncomfortable, getting chronic diseases, and being underweight). We also unravel the potential roles of income and cognition in the effects of education on health.

scholarly journals Amplitude Independent Frequency Synchroniser for a Cubic Planar Polynomial System

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam Boussaada
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Polynomial System ◽  
Polynomial Systems ◽  
Algebraic Equations ◽  
Compact Region ◽  
Synchronization Problem ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cubic System ◽  
Isochronous Centers

The problem of local linearizability of the planar linear center perturbed by cubic non- linearities in all generalities on the system parameters (14 parameters) is far from being solved. The synchronization problem (as noted in Pikovsky, A., Rosenblum, M., and Kurths, J., 2003, Synchronization: A Universal Concept in Nonlinear Sciences, Cambridge Nonlinear Science Series, Cambridge University Press, UK, and Blekhman, I. I., 1988, Synchronisation in Science and Technology, ASME Press Translations, New York) consists in bringing appropriate modifications on a given system to obtain a desired dynamic. The desired phase portrait along this paper contains a compact region around a singular point at the origin in which lie periodic orbits with the same period (independently from the chosen initial conditions). In this paper, starting from a five parameters non isochronous Chouikha cubic system (Chouikha, A. R., 2007, “Isochronous Centers of Lienard Type Equations and Applications,” J. Math. Anal. Appl., 331, pp. 358–376) we identify all possible monomial perturbations of degree d ∈ {2, 3} insuring local linearizability of the perturbed system. The necessary conditions are obtained by the Normal Forms method. These conditions are real algebraic equations (multivariate polynomials) in the parameters of the studied ordinary differential system. The efficient algorithm FGb (J. C. Faugère, “FGb Salsa Software,” http://fgbrs.lip6.fr) for computing the Gröbner basis is used. For the family studied in this paper, an exhaustive list of possible parameters values insuring local linearizability is established. All the found cases are already known in the literature but the contexts are different since our object is the synchronisation rather than the classification. This paper can be seen as a direct continuation of several new works concerned with the hinting of cubic isochronous centers, (in particular Bardet, M., and Boussaada, I., 2011, “Compexity Reduction of C-algorithm,” App. Math. Comp., in press; Boussaada, I., Chouikha, A. R., and Strelcyn, J.-M., 2011, “Isochronicity Conditions for some Planar Polynomial Systems,” Bull. Sci. Math, 135(1), pp. 89–112; Bardet, M., Boussaada, I., Chouikha, A. R., and Strelcyn, J.-M., 2011, “Isochronicity Conditions for some Planar Polynomial Systems,” Bull. Sci. Math, 135(2), pp. 230–249; and furthermore, it can be considered as an adaptation of a qualitative theory method to a synchronization problem.

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