scholarly journals Comparation study of soil genetic diversity of bacteria and fungi in different vegetation successions in a karst of Guizhou province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yidong Mi ◽  
Hongda Fang ◽  
Tao Peng ◽  
Min Zhou ◽  
Xinru Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Karst Areas ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

To study the soil genetic diversity of bacteria and fungi in different vegetation successions (grassland, shrubbery, primary forest and secondary forest) from the karst area, the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) technology was applied. The results showed that: (1) the diversity of bacterial communities and the fungal communities in karst area were higher than non karst area in each vegetation succession. Compared with the survey from bacterial (the Shannon index was 2.97 in primary forest, 2.91 in secondary forest, 3.18 in shrubbery, 3.14 in grassland and 2.68 in non karst), fungal diversity between karst areas (the Shannon index was 3.56 in primary forest, 3.78 in secondary forest, 3.73 in shrubbery and 3.70 in grassland) and non karst areas (the Shannon index was 3.08) was more evident, which may be related to the alterations of the composition of plant community and the source of carbon in soil with the vegetation succession of karst ecosystem; (2) The comparation of bacterial diversity index and the richness comprehensively evaluated as follows: shrubbery > grassland > primary forest > nsecondary forest. The diversity index and the richness of fungal communities was as follows: secondary forest > shrubbery > grassland > primary forest. The results suggest that the fungal communities have been greatly changed via vegetation successions, but the diversity index and the richness of the bacterial communities have not been seriously affected. The results provide scientific basis for understanding karst surface ecosystem, which contributes to the future aim of protecting the karst from desertification.

scholarly journals Tree Species Diversity, Richness, and Similarity in Intact and Degraded Forest in the Tropical Rainforest of the Congo Basin: Case of the Forest of Likouala in the Republic of Congo

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suspense Averti Ifo ◽  
Jean-Marie Moutsambote ◽  
Félix Koubouana ◽  
Joseph Yoka ◽  
Saint Fédriche Ndzai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Congo Basin ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
The Republic

Trees species diversity, richness, and similarity were studied in fifteen plots of the tropical rainforests in the northeast of the Republic of Congo, based on trees inventories conducted on fifteen 0.25 ha plots installed along different types of forests developed on terra firma, seasonally flooded, and on flooded terra. In all of the plots installed, all trees with diameter at breast height, DBH ≥ 5 cm, were measured. The Shannon diversity index, species richness, equitability, and species dominance were computed to see the variation in tree community among plots but also between primary forest and secondary forest. A total of 1611 trees representing 114 species and 35 families were recorded from a total area of 3.75 ha. Euphorbiaceae was the dominant family in the forest with 12 species, followed by Fabaceae-Mimosoideae (10 species) and Phyllanthaceae (6 species) and Guttiferae (6 species). The biodiversity did not vary greatly from plot to plot on the whole of the study area (3.75 ha). The low value of Shannon index was obtained in plot 11 (H′=0.75) whereas the highest value was obtained in plot 12 (H′=4.46). The values of this index vary from 0.23 to 0.95 in plots P11 and P15, respectively. Results obtained revealed high biodiversity of trees of the forest of Impfondo-Dongou. The information on tree species structure and function can provide baseline information for conservation of the biodiversity of the tropical forest in this area.

scholarly journals Distribusi Dan Diversitas Serangga Tanah Di Taman Hutan Raya Gunung Tumpa Sulawesi Utara

Jurnal MIPA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mailani Basna ◽  
Roni Koneri ◽  
Adelfia Papu
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Insect Distribution ◽  
Soil Insects ◽  
Positive Effect

Serangga tanah merupakan jenis dari serangga yang seluruh atau sebagian hidupnya berada di tanah. Serangga tanah berperan penting dalam ekosistem yaitu membantu proses pelapukan bahan organik dan keberadaan serta aktivitasnya berpengaruh positif terhadap sifat kimia fisik tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji distribusi dan diversitas serangga tanah di Gunung Tumpa, Sulawesi Utara. Lokasi pengambilan sampel terdiri dari tiga tipe habitat yaitu, hutan primer, hutan sekunder dan lahan perkebunan. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan perangkap sumuran (Pitfall trap). Hasil penelitian  ditemukan serangga tanah sebanyak 10 ordo, 23 famili, 28 genus, 33 morfospesies dan 21100 individu.  Ordo Hymenoptera didominasi oleh famili Formicidae. Pola distribusi serangga tanah di Gunung Tumpa berkelompok. Indeks diversitas spesies di Gunung Tumpa tergolong sedang (H = 2,62). Kelimpahan spesies dan indeks diversitas spesies serangga tanah tertinggi ditemukan pada hutan primer, sedangkan yang terendah pada lahan perkebunan dan hutan sekunder.Soil Insects is a type of insect that all or part of his life was on the ground. Soil insects plays an important role in the ecosystem that is helping the process of weathering and the presence of organic matter as well as its activities towards the positive effect of physical chemical properties of the soil. This research aims to identify, examine the distribution and diversity of insects land on Mount Tumpa, North Sulawesi. Location of sampling consists of three types of habitat i.e., primary forest, secondary forest and plantations. The technique of sampling using Pitfall trap. Results of the study found as many as 10 soil insect orders, 23 families, 28 genera, 33 morfospesies and 21100 individuals. The order of Hymenoptera is dominated by the Formicidae. The pattern of soil insect distribution in Gunung Tumpa is clumped. Index of species diversity in Mt. Tumpa belongs to moderate (H = 2.62). The highest abudance and diversity index of soil insect species were found in primary forest, while the lowest was on plantation and secondary forest.

scholarly journals DIVERSITY OF BUTTERFLIES (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) IN THE GUNUNG RAYA WILDLIFE RESERVE, SUB DISTRICT WARKUK RANAU, SOUTH SUMATERA

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Aprillia ◽  
Indra Yustian ◽  
Arum Setiawan ◽  
Doni Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Riparian Areas ◽  
Transect Line ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Capture Techniques ◽  
Wildlife Reserve

This study aims to determine the diversity of butterflies at the Gunung Raya Wildlife Reserve, South Sumatra. The research was conducted in January-February 2018. The research sites were 4 different habitat types, namely primary forest, secondary forest, riparian area, and bush and plantation. Data collection uses direct observation and capture techniques along the transect line (linear transect counting) along 1000 m in each habitat type using insect nets. The results of the study obtained 55 butterfly species belonging to 5 families (there were 13 species of Papilionidae, 30 species of Nymphalidae, 7 species of Pieridae, 1 species of Riodinidae, and 4 species of Lycaenidae). The highest Shanon diversity index is in primary forest habitat (Manduriang) with H'= 3.5; followed by shrubs and plantations (Pasir Bintang) with H'= 3.45, and riparian areas (Talang Lebong) with H' = 3.23; while the lowest is secondary forest (Mesagih) with H'= 2.94. Distribution of species in all locations  is relative (E> 0.9) and high species richness (R> 4). 2 butterfly species protected by Regulations of the Environtment and Forestry Ministers No 20 of 2018, namely Troides helena and Trogonoptera brookiana has been found in this study.

scholarly journals Effect ofBacillus velezensis JC-K3 on Endophytic Bacterial and Fungal Diversity in Wheat Under Salt Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Ji ◽  
Xiaohui Wang ◽  
Xin Song ◽  
Qisheng Zhou ◽  
Chaohui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Salt Damage ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can effectively reduce salt damage in plants. Currently, there are many studies on the effects of PGPB on the microbial community structure of rhizosphere soil under salt stress, but fewer studies on the community structure of endophytic bacteria and fungi. We propose that inoculation of endophytic bacteria into the rhizosphere of plants can significantly affect the microbial community structure of the plant’s above-ground and underground parts, which may be the cause of the plant’s “Induced Systemic Tolerance.” The isolated endophytes were re-inoculated into the rhizosphere under salinity stress. We found that, compared with the control group, inoculation with endophytic Bacillus velezensis JC-K3 not only increased the accumulation of wheat biomass, but also increased the content of soluble sugar and chlorophyll in wheat, and reduced the absorption of Na in wheat shoots and leaves. The abundance of bacterial communities in shoots and leaves increased and the abundance of fungal communities decreased after inoculation with JC-K3. The fungal community richness of wheat rhizosphere soil was significantly increased. The diversity of bacterial communities in shoots and leaves increased, and the richness of fungal communities decreased. JC-K3 strain improved wheat’s biomass accumulation ability, osmotic adjustment ability, and ion selective absorption ability. In addition, JC-K3 significantly altered the diversity and abundance of endophytic and rhizosphere microorganisms in wheat. PGPB can effectively reduce plant salt damage. At present, there are many studies on the effect of PGPB on the microbial community structure in rhizosphere soil under salt stress, but there are few studies on the community structure changes of endophytic bacteria and fungi in plants.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Vegetation Types and Soil Properties on Soil Microbial Activity and Metabolic Diversity in Subtropical Forests

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Danbo Pang ◽  
Genzhu Wang ◽  
Yuguo Liu ◽  
Jianhua Cao ◽  
Long Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Pinus Yunnanensis ◽  
Carbon Substrates ◽  
Karst Areas ◽  
Microbial Carbon

Microbial functional diversity is significantly associated with both nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition. However, how different forests as well as the soil parent materials influence the soil microbial carbon metabolism remains poorly understood. In this study, a natural secondary forest and a Pinus yunnanensis plantation, with similar climatic conditions under contrasting parent materials (clasolite in the non-karst areas and limestone in the karst areas) in Yunnan Province, China, were investigated. The soil microbial carbon metabolism diversity was assessed by the Biolog® ECO-plates. During the dry season, the soil microbial communities used carbon substrate in secondary forest and Pinus yunnanensis plantation, showing no significant difference, both in non-karst and karst areas. The microbial communities in the non-karst area were more efficient in utilizing carbon substrates than those in the karst area with the same vegetation types, resulting in the higher accumulation of organic carbon in the karst area. The six categories of most frequently utilized carbon substrates were carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, and amino acids in both the non-karst and the karst areas. The soil basal respiration of the secondary forest was higher than that of the Pinus yunnanensis plantation, both in the non-karst and the karst areas. In addition, the driving factors of the soil microbial community functional diversity in the non-karst and karst areas are different. Our findings suggest that soil microbial functional diversity is governed by vegetation types as well as by soil properties in subtropical forests. Moreover, calcareous soil holds a higher proportion of recalcitrant organic carbon, which is difficult to utilize by microorganisms.

scholarly journals DNA barcode reference libraryconstruction and population genetic diversity and structure analysis of Amomum villosum Lour. in Daodi production area

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Danchun ◽  
Xiaoxia Ding ◽  
Wan Guan ◽  
Juan Huang ◽  
He Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Amomum Villosum

Abstract Background: The Amomum villosum has the situation that it is inferior and other other varieties are used as A. villosum in the market. In order to develop and utilize the genuine medicinal materials A. villosum, this experiment aims to carry out the identification and research of variety of the A. villosum and analyze its genetic diversity, constructing the DNA barcode database of the genuine medicinal materials A. villosum in Guangdong Province and providing recommendations for populations planting, which will be critical to the further research of A. villosum. (2) Methods: A total of 141 samples of A. villosum were analyzed by DNA barcoding to construct DNA barcode database. The genetic diversity of A. villosum sampled from 7 populations in Guangdong Province was detected based on ISSR molecular marker technology. (3) Results: The success rates of PCR amplification and sequencing of five barcodes of A. villosumwas rbcL> ITS > ITS2 >psbA-trnH>matK. 141 samples of A. villosum from 7 populations in Guangdong Province were used to construct a reference DNA barcode database containing 531 sequences. The results of genetic diversity were as follow, the number of alleles Na ranged from 1.2879 to 1.7121, the effective number of alleles Ne ranged from 1.1848 to 1.4240, the gene diversity index (H) ranged from 0.2536 to 0.1117, and the Shannon index (I) ranged from 0.3816 to 0.1658, whichindicatedthegenetic diversity of A.Villosum was rich. The total genetic diversity among the 7 populations (Ht) was 0.3299, the genetic diversity within the populations (Hs) was 0.1819, and the gene differentiation coefficient (Gst) was 0.4487. AMOVA showed that the genetic variation within the populations and the genetic variation between the populations accounted for 68.74% (P<0.05) and 31.26% (P<0.05) respectively, indicating that the genetic variation of A. villosum was mainly within the populations. The gene flow Nm was 0.6143.The genetic distance of the 7 populations was 0.0844 - 0.3347, and the genetic identity was 0.7156 - 0.9191, confirming that the genetic relationship of each population was relatively close. The 7 populations were significantly grouped in the cluster analysis and the genetic level of each population from high to low was as follow: ZY (National Highway Roadside) > ZJD (Zhongjiaodong) > GY (Geopark) >MM (Dianbai) > YC (Dadong Village) > XFC (Xingfu Village) > TK (Tankui Village). There was no correlation between the geographic distance and the degree of genetic differentiation among populations. Conclusion: By amplifying and sequencing five barcodes of ITS2, psbA-trnH, ITS, matK and rbcL, a reference DNA barcode database of A. villosum with 531 sequences was constructed. The results of genetic diversity showed that it is necessary to take appropriate in situ protection measures for the populations of A. villosum in Yangchun City and increase the genetic exchange between populations to improve the genetic diversity of A. villosum.

scholarly journals Effects of plant cultivars on the structure of bacterial and fungal communities associated with ginseng

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaying Wang ◽  
Xiaoxue Fang ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Xinyu Cai ◽  
Hongxing Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Rhizosphere Microorganisms ◽  
Soil Rhizosphere ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbial Community

Abstract Background There is a growing awareness of the importance of root-associated bacteria and fungi to plant growth. At present, little is known about whether different ginseng cultivars affect the soil rhizosphere microbial community. Results Here, we examined the changes in the microorganismal diversity and composition of the rhizospheres of different ginseng cultivars. We found that fungal communities were more influenced by the cultivars than bacterial communities and revealed differences in the microbial community composition and diversity among the different ginseng cultivars. We found that fungal diversity was negatively correlated with bacterial diversity in CBGL, JYSH and SZSZ; however, TSBT had the lowest bacterial and fungal diversity. We also discovered certain rhizosphere microorganisms that may be associated with pathogenicity and the lifespan of ginseng cultivars, including Bacillus, Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium spp. Conclusions Our results showed that the microbial diversity and community structures under different ginseng cultivars are significantly different and are related to the host cultivar. This result is helpful in providing information that could be used for the breeding of Panax ginseng.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Rice Field Eel (Monopterus albus) in China Based on RAPD Analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
RONG-BIAN WEI ◽  
GAO-FENG QIU ◽  
RU SONG
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Monopterus Albus ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Rice Field Eel ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
China Mainland

The genetic diversity of seven populations of Monopterus albus from China, i.e., Yancheng, Mianyang, Baoding, Suqian, Anshun, Shaoyang and Nanning, was studied based on RAPD analysis. Thirteen of 50 arbitrate primers were screened to detect 122 polymorphic loci in 72 individuals. Shannon index, Nei’s gene diversity coefficient and percentage of polymorphic loci analysis consistently indicated that Mianyang and Yancheng populations displayed the largest diversity information, followed by Baoding, Suqian, Nanning, Anshun and Shaoyang in order. The genetic variations were found partitioned mainly within rather than among populations, as the latter accounted for only a small portion of variations (27.9％ by AMOVA). Genetic differentiation existed among all the populations (Gst = 0.1798), with a gene flow of 2.2813.The overall Shannon index and Nei’s gene diversity index was 0.4991 and 0.3302 respectively. Inferred from genetic distance, a phylogenetic dendrogram was also constructed by UPGMA method for the seven populations. Generally speaking, low genetic diversity was shown for all these populations of M. albus in China mainland.

scholarly journals PHYTOSOCIOLOGY OF A LOWER MONTANE FOREST ON MT. BATULANTEH, SUMBAWA, INDONESIA

REINWARDTIA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mansur ◽  
Kuswata Kartawinata
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Sequestration ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Tree Community ◽  
High Species Diversity ◽  
Shannon’S Diversity Index

MANSUR, M & KARTAWINATA, K. 2017. Phytosociology of a Lower Montane Forest on Mt. Batulanteh, Sumbawa, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 16 (2): 77-92. — While Indonesia’s forests are globally known for their high species diversity but many regions remain little known to investigate the tree community in a lower montane forest at Mt. Batulanteh in Sumbawa. We subjectively laid out plots of 1,800 m2 each, two in secondary forests and one in a disturbed primary forest. All stems over 5 cm diameters were measured and identified. In the plot of 0,54 hectare, we recorded 723 individuals, representing 78 species, 60 genera and 33 families. Estimated volume of boles was 183.2 m3/0.54 ha, biomass was 220.1 tons/0.54 ha, carbon stock was 110.0 tons/0.54 ha and CO2 sequestration was 403.1 ton/0.54 ha. The forest at Mt. Batulanteh is classified as Garcinia-Cryptocarya association consisting of Micromelum-Cinnamomum subassociation. Dipterocarpus-Calophyllum subassociation and Garcinia-Syzygium subassociation. Dominant species were Micromelum minutum (IV=27.24), Mallotus philippensis (IV=26.2), Cryptocarya ferrea (IV=24.71) and Cinnamomum burmanni (IV=23.81) in Plot 1, Dipterocarpus retusus (IV=77.4) and Calophyllum soulattri (IV=24.21) in Plot 2, and Garcinia celebica (IV=34.86) and Syzygium sp. 1 (IV=34.76) in Plot 3. Dipterocarpus retusus was unique of having restricted distribution. Fagaceae, typical family in montane forests, was absent. Shannon’s diversity index was low (H '= 1.61). It can be concluded that the plots do not constitute a representative of Mt. Batulanteh and the surrounding forests, but they were sufficient to provide an illustration of the forests locally. The diameter class distribution indicated that the forests were regenerating. They were developing secondary forest and regenerating disturbed primary forest; slow successions were in the process and could be enhancedby ecological restoration. Further botanical explorations in poorly known regions of Sumbawa should be intensified further.

scholarly journals Spatial Variations in Microbial Compositions in a Karst Critical Zone in Samcheok, Republic of Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4714
Author(s):  
Heejung Kim ◽  
Jiwook Jang ◽  
Sangwook Park ◽  
Chang-Seong Kim ◽  
Han-Sun Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variations ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Karst Areas ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Seawater Inundation

The effects of the unpredictability of the flow system in a karst area, with respect to bacterial communities in the aquatic environment, were evaluated. Bacterial communities from two different types of flow conditions (spring and sinkhole) were characterized and compared in the karst area. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobia were the major phyla present in the sampled spring and sinkhole waters. The water samples from the spring points were heavily loaded with Actinobacteria, especially Firmicutes, which accounted for 4.3% of the bacterial content. Furthermore, Actinobacteria were prevalent in some water samples, serving as indicators of the effects of seawater inundation. The richness and diversity of bacterial species were evaluated at the spring and sinkhole water points. The spring waters showed a higher bacterial richness and diversity compared to the sinkhole waters. Our results provide valuable information for the evaluation and investigation of microbial compositions in karst areas, which are characterized by heterogeneous hydrological conditions. The microbial species in karst areas are already exposed to changing hydrogeological conditions, and are likely to be confronted with future changes; thus, their spatiotemporal variations reflect the shifting baselines of physicochemical and ecosystem processes.

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