scholarly journals Nuevos xenófitos de La Palma (Islas Canarias, España), con énfasis en las especies naturalizadas y (potencialmente) invasoras. Parte 3

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. e002
Author(s):  
R. Otto ◽  
F. Verloove
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Egeria Densa ◽  
Eugenia Uniflora ◽  
Ligustrum Lucidum ◽  
La Palma ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis ◽  
Cucurbita Ficifolia

Varios meses de trabajos de campo en La Palma (Islas Canarias occidentales) han posibilitado el descubrimiento de nuevas plantas vasculares no nativas. Alstroemeria aurea, A. ligtu, Anacyclus radiatus subsp. Radiatus, Chenopodium album subsp. borbasii, Cotyledon orbiculata, Cucurbita ficifolia, Cynodon nlemfuensis, Datura stramonium subsp. tatula, Digitaria ciliaris var. rhachiseta, D. ischaemum, Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Egeria densa, Eugenia uniflora, Galinsoga quadriradiata, Glebionis segetum, Kalanchoe laetivirens, Lemna minuta, Ligustrum lucidum, Lotus broussonetii, Oenothera fallax, Paspalum notatum, Passiflora caerulea, P. manicata × tarminiana, P. tarminiana, Pelargonium capitatum, Phaseolus lunatus, Portulaca trituberculata, Pyracantha angustifolia, Sedum mexicanum, Trifolium lappaceum, Urochloa mutica, U. subquadripara y Volutaria tubuliflora son xenófitos naturalizados o (potencialmente) invasores o de especial interés florístico, que se citan por primera vez para las Islas Canarias o para la isla de La Palma. Tres táxones adicionales, probablemente casuales, se dan a conocer por primera vez de las Islas Canarias, y siete táxones de la isla de La Palma.

scholarly journals INVENTÁRIO DAS ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS DAS VIAS URBANAS DE ITAPEJARA D’OESTE, PARANÁ, BRASIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Caroline Reichert Pontes ◽  
Luciana Pellizzaro
Keyword(s):  
Eugenia Uniflora ◽  
Ligustrum Lucidum

A arborização urbana inclui o plantio de espécies arbóreas no meio urbano, importante para a melhoria das condições urbanísticas, para o bem-estar humano e o equilíbrio ambiental. Devido à falta de planejamento nas cidades, ocorrem inadequações, como espécies exóticas em demasia, árvores de porte inadequado, frágeis, etc., geralmente plantadas pela própria população. O plantio dessas espécies, associado à falta de informação, pode gerar problemas como interferência dos galhos na rede elétrica, quebra de calçadas e muros pelas raízes, riscos para a saúde da população e alterações nos processos ecológicos naturais. Para uma arborização adequada, é necessário desenvolver um inventário, que consiste na coleta dos dados dessas espécies do meio urbano, para avaliar a situação e a interação com o espaço urbano. Com o propósito de auxiliar futuramente no Plano Municipal de Arborização, esta pesquisa objetiva inventariar as espécies arbóreas da cidade de Itapejara D’Oeste, Sudoeste do Paraná. A metodologia utilizada para a coleta de dados foi a de amostragem estratificada, o que torna a quadra a unidade amostral e também permite uma avaliação aprimorada das espécies. Os dados foram anotados em formulários, sendo avaliadas as árvores de 30 quadras, de sete bairros. Foram encontradas 785 árvores, de 47 espécies pertencentes a 25 famílias. As espécies exóticas predominantes foram Cinnamomum burmanii (Ness) e Ligustrum lucidum (Aiton), representando 64,1 % da arborização urbana; a espécie nativa predominante foi Eugenia uniflora L., com 2,96%.

Rhythmic Leaf Movements of Some Common Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Andersen ◽  
Willard L. Koukkari
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Rhythmic Pattern ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Rhythmic Movements ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Dark Regime ◽  
Leaf Movements

In growth chamber studies, we measured the movement of cotyledons and leaves or leaflets in seedlings of nine weed species to determine: the magnitude of movement, whether movements followed a rhythmic pattern, and if rhythmic movements were endogenously controlled. Seedlings were always entrained under a 15-h light:9-h dark regime. Measurements were made at 3-h intervals for 3 to 4 days under four light regimes: alternating 15-h light:9-h dark; continuous light; one 15-h light:9-h dark span, followed by continuous light; and a 15-h light:9-h dark regime, in which the dark span was advanced 9 h (phase shift) when measurements were begun. No clearly defined pattern of leaf movement was found in wild mustard [Brassica kaber(DC.) L. C. Wheeler var.pinnatifida(Stokes) L. C. Wheeler]. Daily rhythmic leaf movements that did not appear to be endogenously controlled were found in redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) and black nightshade (Solanum nigrumL.). Circadian rhythmic leaf movements that appeared to be under endogenous control were found in jimson-weed (Datura stramoniumL.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.), common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.), prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.), sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL.), and coffee senna (Cassia occidentalisL.).

Effect of Stage of Growth on Metribuzin Tolerance

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 612-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. da Silva ◽  
G.F. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
True Leaf ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Polygonum Lapathifolium ◽  
Common Purslane

Six species of Solanaceae including tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMill ‘Campbell 28′) were sprayed in the greenhouse at weekly intervals for 4 weeks starting when tomato plants had one true leaf. All species gained tolerance to metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazine-5(4H)one] with age but tomato and black nightshade (Solarium nigrumL.) were the most tolerant and gained tolerance fastest with age. Jimsonweed (Datura stramoniumL.) and eggplant (Solanum melongenaL. ‘Black Beauty’) were the most susceptible species and the ones that gained least tolerance with age. Potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) from true seeds and pepper (Capsicum annuumL. ‘Yolo wonder’) were intermediate in tolerance. In the field, tomato and nine weed species planted in separate plots and kept free from competition were sprayed at weekly intervals starting when tomato plants had one true leaf. Tomato, large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinales(L.) Scop.), ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederaceae(L.) Jacq.) and yellow foxtail (Setaria glauca(L.) Beauv.) were the most resistant species to metribuzin and the ones that gained tolerance fastest with age. The most susceptible weeds were velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic), common purslane (Portulaca oleraceaL.), pale smartweed (Polygonum lapathifoliumL.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.), and jimsonweed. Low amounts of sunlight during the 3 days before spraying greatly reduced the resistance of tomato to metribuzin.

Effects of Field Applications of Nitrate on Weed Seed Germination and Dormancy

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 594-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Fawcett ◽  
F. W. Slife
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Population Numbers

Application of 112 to 336 kg/ha N as ammonium nitrate [NH4(NO−3)] failed to affect population numbers of common lambsquarters(Chenopodium albumL.), giant foxtail(Setaria faberiHerrm.), velvetleaf(Abutilon theophrastiMedic.), jimsonweed(Datura stramoniumL.), or redroot pigweed(Amaranthus retroflexusL.). Common lambsquarters seeds harvested from NO−3-treated plots were less dormant than control seeds. Seed germination in the laboratory increased from 3.0% for control seeds to 34.0% for seeds harvested from plots treated with 280 kg/ha N as NH4(NO−3). Nitrate concentration in common lambsquarters seeds increased as nitrogen fertilization increased. Seeds from nonfertilized plots contained 18.7 μg/g NO−3, while seeds from plots fertilized with 280 kg/ha N contained 126.3 μg/g. Adding exogenous NO−3to the germination medium brought the germination of most seed lots to a similar level, except for control seeds which germinated at a lower rate. In contrast to common lambsquarters, nitrogen fertilization did not greatly affect dormancy or NO−3accumulation in velvetleaf seeds. Exogenous NO−3failed to stimulate velvetleaf germination because dormant velvetleaf seeds did not imbibe.

scholarly journals Weed control in intercroping systems with dry bean and cycloxydim-tolerant maize

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Goran Malidža ◽  
Mirjana Vasić ◽  
Miloš Rajković ◽  
Goran Bekavac
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Special Contribution ◽  
Novi Sad

Due to the narrow range of available herbicides, weeds are one of the limiting factors for intercropping of dry bean and maize. Various benefits of this production method have been confirmed by the results of many authors. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using a cycloxydim-tolerant maize hybrid to expand the ability of weed control in intercroping systems with bean. Three-year field trials were conducted from 2015 to 2017, at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in the vicinity of Novi Sad. Cycloxydim-tolerant maize and dry bean were sown mechanically in alternating strips, with one strip consisting of 4 rows of maize and the other strip containing 6 rows of bean. Combinations of herbicides based on dimethenamid-P, linuron, bentazone and cycloxydim were studied. The effect of herbicides on the number of weeds, fresh weed mass and grain yield of bean and maize was evaluated. No phytotoxicity of the herbicides was observed on the crops, indicating the safety of their use in this production system. The most common weeds were Chenopodium album, Datura stramonium and Sorghum halepense developed from rhizomes. Herbicides had a significant effect in reducing the abundance and fresh mass of the above-ground weed parts. A special contribution of the results obtained is the unique ability to control S. halepense using the cycloxydim-based product. Owing to the above-mentioned possibility, a significant reduction in the number and mass of S. halepense shoots developed from rhizomes was achieved (100% in 2015 and 2016, and >90% in 2017). The results of our trials confirm the contribution of the extension of the choice of herbicides with cycloxydim in this system of intercropping with dry bean and cycloxydim-tolerant maize.

scholarly journals INVENTÁRIO ARBÓREO DE TRÊS PRAÇAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE DOIS CÓRREGOS, SÃO PAULO, BRASIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Ana Paula De Freitas ◽  
Frederico Fregolente Faracco Mazziero ◽  
Natália Arias Galastri
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Eugenia Uniflora ◽  
Delonix Regia ◽  
Ligustrum Lucidum ◽  
Bauhinia Variegata

As praças são um importante componente das áreas urbanas, trazendo diversos benefícios à população e à fauna. Além disso, são locais que permitem maior liberdade na implantação de projetos de arborização urbana que, se bem realizados, não acarretam em problemas e gastos futuros. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o inventário arbóreo das três praças da região central do Município de Dois Córregos. Nas três praças inventariadas foram registrados 322 indivíduos arbóreos pertencentes a 48 espécies distribuídas em 24 famílias e 45 gêneros. As famílias Fabaceae (9 spp. – 18,7%), Bignoniaceae (5 spp. – 10,4%), Arecaceae e Moraceae (4 spp. – 8,3% cada) foram as mais representativas. A espécie Cenostigma pluviosum (sibipiruna) apresentou a maior frequência, correspondendo a 16,1% do total de indivíduos amostrados. No entanto, 40 espécies apresentaram frequência inferior a 2,2% e foram consideradas raras.  Apenas oito espécies foram encontradas em todas as praças: Bauhinia variegata (pata-de-vaca), Delonix regia (flamboyant), Dypsis lutescens (areca-bambu), Eugenia uniflora (pitangueira), Handroanthus heptaphyllus (ipê-roxo), Ligustrum lucidum (alfeneiro), Nectandra megapotamica (canelinha) e Cenostigma pluviosum (sibipiruna). Constatou-se que 60,4% das espécies são exóticas do Brasil. Portanto, fica evidente que apesar de uma riqueza de espécies considerável, o alto número de espécies exóticas aliado à alta frequência de algumas espécies podem trazer problemas no futuro.

scholarly journals Weed control in bean and green bean crops

Biljni lekar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 804-814
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Savić ◽  
Sanja Đurović ◽  
Srđan Stevanović ◽  
Milan Ugrinović
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
High Yields

Phaseolus vulgaris (beans; green beans) as a food of high nutritional value occupies an important place in the human diet. In addition to all the basic growing conditions, one of the key requirements for achieving high yields is successful weed control. Weeds such as Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Datura stramonium, Abutilon theophrasti, Xanthium strumarium, Cirsium arvense, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Sorghum halepense and others appear as the most dominant species in our agroecological conditions. The application of the concept of integrated weed control implies the application of all available measures (crop rotation, proper and timely tillage, application of herbicides, etc.). Although there is a wider range of registered herbicides for weed control in beans and green beans in the world, preparations based on active substances: clethodim, quizalofop-P-tefuril, imazamox and bentazone have been registered in Serbia.

scholarly journals STUDY OF WEED FLORA OF MAIZE CROPS IN THE NISAVA DISTRICT

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-345
Author(s):  
Jelica Živić ◽  
Milić Vojinović ◽  
Ivica Stančić ◽  
Saša Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
The Right

The damage from the present weeds in maize crop is shown by the reduction of yield in almost every year and their suppression is completely economically justified. The right selection of herbicides mostly depends on the presence of dominant weed species and the time of application. The paper presents the distribution and existence of economically harmful, invasive and quarantine weed species (Abutilon theophrasti, Agropyrum repens, Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Capsela bursa-pastoris, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hybridum, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Datura stramonium, Avena fatua, Calystegia sepium, …) on ten locations of maize crops in the Nisava district. Estimation of the species presence was done in two shootings (May and August) on scale 1-4 (1 - species appears individually and occupy up to 5% of the surface, 2 - appears and occupies 5-25% of the surface, 3 - appears often and occupies 25-50% of the surface, 4 - the species prevails over the cultivated plant and occupies over 50% of the surface).

scholarly journals Mesotrione: A new herbicide for use in maize

Pesticidi ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-256
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Elezovic ◽  
Milan Stevic ◽  
Katarina Jovanovic-Radovanov
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Experimental Sample ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Polygonum Lapathifolium ◽  
Lepidium Draba

In 2000 and 2001 field trials were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of herbicide mesotrione in maize. The experiments were established in Zemun Polje and Smederevska Palanka, according to EPPO/OEPP standard methods. Trade formulation Callisto (a.i. mesotrione 480 g/L) used as a experimental sample in two doses 0.15 L/ha and 0.25 L/ha for pre-em, and 0.15 L/ha adjuvant; 0.25 L/ha + adjuvant and 0.25 L/ha alone for foliar application. The most sensitive weed species were: Adonis aestivalis, Amaranthus retroflexus, Cirsium arvense, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hibridum Lepidium draba, Brassica nigra, Datura stramonium, Kickia spuria, Polygonum lapathifolium, Sinapis arvensis, Solanum nigrum, Stachys annua i Xanthium strumarium.

scholarly journals The weeds in onion and their control

Biljni lekar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-685
Author(s):  
Bojan Konstantinović ◽  
Milena Popov ◽  
Nataša Samardžić ◽  
Tijana Stojanović
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Setaria Glauca

The protection of onions from the weeds and their negative impact in the field production is one of the most important measures. The onion is exceptionally succeptible to the weeds, especially in the first phases of the growth, considering the weak initial growth of the crop in comparison with the weeds. The seasonal dynamics of the onion weeds is not so noticeable like with the other crops, while the weeds that appear most frequently are: Amaranthus blitoides, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Chenopodium album, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Cynodon dactylon, Datura stramonium, Portulaca oleracea, Setaria glauca and Stellaria media. The chemical control measures mean the herbicide use before or after the emergence of the crop and the weeds. Before the emergence the herbicides based on aclonifen and pendimethaline can be used, while after the emergence herbicides based on fluroxypir, clopyralid, fluazifop-P-butyl, clethodim, quizalofop-P-ethyl, quizalofop-P-tefuryl and propaquizafop are used.

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