Theory of spacetime impetus

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-563
Author(s):  
Larry M. Silverberg ◽  
Jeffrey W. Eischen
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Interaction Force ◽  
Riemannian Curvature ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Newtonian Theory ◽  
Bending Angle ◽  
Mathematical Skills ◽  
The Third ◽  
Action Force

This article introduces the theory of spacetime impetus (SI). The theory unites Newtonian theory (NT) and the theory of general relativity (GR). To develop SI, we reformulated NT in spacetime and replaced the particle primitive in NT with the fragment of energy primitive in field theory. SI replaces Newton’s second law F = ma governing the motion of particles, where F, m, and a are, respectively, interaction force, mass, and acceleration, with the change equation P = k governing the motion of fragments of energy, where P and k are, respectively, action force and the curvature of a path in spacetime. To verify SI, we conducted three tests: Test 1 predicted the precession angles of Mercury and Jupiter, test 2 predicted the bending angle of light as it grazes the surface of the sun, and test 3 predicted the radius of the photon sphere. All three tests were in agreement with GR, the third corresponding to strong Riemannian curvature in GR. The equations of motion in SI are in terms of Cartesian coordinates and time and are relatively simple to solve. Undergraduate students in science and engineering and others with similar mathematical skills can validate the results for themselves.

scholarly journals The third way to 3D gravity

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1544015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Bergshoeff ◽  
Wout Merbis ◽  
Alasdair J. Routh ◽  
Paul K. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Massive Gravity ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Gravitational Field Equation ◽  
Third Way ◽  
Metric Tensor ◽  
The Third ◽  
Higher Dimensional ◽  
Conservation Condition ◽  
3D Gravity

Consistency of Einstein’s gravitational field equation [Formula: see text] imposes a “conservation condition” on the [Formula: see text]-tensor that is satisfied by (i) matter stress tensors, as a consequence of the matter equations of motion and (ii) identically by certain other tensors, such as the metric tensor. However, there is a third way, overlooked until now because it implies a “nongeometrical” action: one not constructed from the metric and its derivatives alone. The new possibility is exemplified by the 3D “minimal massive gravity” model, which resolves the “bulk versus boundary” unitarity problem of topologically massive gravity with Anti-de Sitter asymptotics. Although all known examples of the third way are in three spacetime dimensions, the idea is general and could, in principle, apply to higher dimensional theories.

2000 Macromolecular Science and Engineering Award LectureThe versatility of azobenzene polymers

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 1093-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almeria Natansohn ◽  
Paul Rochon
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Polymer Structure ◽  
Light Polarization ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Crystalline Polymers ◽  
The Third ◽  
Macroscopic Motion ◽  
Azobenzene Groups

The well-known trans–cis–trans photoisomerization of azobenzenes produces at least three different kinds of motion in the polymer materials to which the azobenzenes are bound. The first is a photoinduced motion of the azobenzene groups only, and they can align in a selected position with respect to the light polarization. The second is a macroscopic motion of huge amounts of polymeric material, producing surface deformation, and the third is a reorganization of smectic domains in liquid crystalline polymers. These motions and their consequences are briefly discussed in relation to the polymer structure and some possible photonic applications are mentioned.Key words: photoinduced orientation, azobenzene polymers, surface gratings, photonics, thermochromism, photochromism, photorefractivity, photoinduced chirality and switching.

Determination of Instability Boundaries for a Highly Flexible Prismatic-Jointed Robot Performing Repetitive Maneuvers

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith W. Buffinton
Keyword(s):  
Floquet Theory ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Perturbation Techniques ◽  
Axial Motion ◽  
The Third ◽  
Straightforward Application ◽  
Method Yield ◽  
Robotic Devices ◽  
Axially Moving

Abstract Presented in this work are the equations of motion governing the behavior of a simple, highly flexible, prismatic-jointed robotic manipulator performing repetitive maneuvers. The robot is modeled as a uniform cantilever beam that is subject to harmonic axial motions over a single bilateral support. To conveniently and accurately predict motions that lead to unstable behavior, three methods are investigated for determining the boundaries of unstable regions in the parameter space defined by the amplitude and frequency of axial motion. The first method is based on a straightforward application of Floquet theory; the second makes use of the results of a perturbation analysis; and the third employs Bolotin’s infinite determinate method. Results indicate that both perturbation techniques and Bolotin’s method yield acceptably accurate results for only very small amplitudes of axial motion and that a direct application of Floquet theory, while computational expensive, is the most reliable way to ensure that all instability boundaries are correctly represented. These results are particularly relevant to the study of prismatic-jointed robotic devices that experience amplitudes of periodic motion that are a significant percentage of the length of the axially moving member.

Science of Art and Analysis: A Mixture for Undergraduate Non-Specialists

1992 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Stanley Taft ◽  
James W. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Art History ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
The Third ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Modern Analytical

ABSTRACTAt Cornell University we are in the third year of teaching an interdisciplinary, undergraduate course on the physical properties and structures of works of Art, and the modern analytical methods used to investigate them: Art, Isotopes, and Analysis. The challenge is to explain concepts familiar to museum scientists and conservators to a group of 150 undergraduate students with a background that ranges from Art History to Computer Science. Painting techniques (Fresco, Tempera, Oil, etc.) are demonstrated to the class. The analytical techniques involve the interactions of electrons, photons, ions and neutrons with pigments and other materials. This instructional approach serves as an introduction to published analyses of works of art.

scholarly journals Competências genéricas auto referidas por universitários brasileiros

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Priscila Larangeira Carvalho ◽  
Fernanda Ribeiro de Araújo ◽  
Rodolfo Eduardo Scachetti ◽  
María Jesús Freire Seoane ◽  
Nancy Ramacciotti de Oliveira-Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Private University ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ethical Commitment ◽  
Planning Ability ◽  
Generic Competences

Although there is no standardization of the notion of competence and for the instruments used in its evaluation, generic competences are associated with employability, and understood as a composition of cognitive and practical abilities, behavioral and social skills, gathering individual characteristics and qualities required for activities of different professions. Education promotes the development of specific competences for the exercise of certain occupations, in addition to opportunities for increasing generic competences, which are also required in the labor market. This study targets to evaluate self-perception of the valuation of generic competences acquired in undergraduate students from nocturnal courses of Brazilian private university, according to area of knowledge and condition of being or not inserted in the labor market. 1,001 of these students were evaluated in the third year of their graduation, using the Generic Competences Scale. The highest value in the global sample was attributed to Responsibility at work, followed by Ethical commitment and, thirdly, by Capacity to learn. At the other end, of lesser value, were Capacity for organization and planning, Ability to manage information and Problem solving. These results were compared with data from other studies, in Latin America and Europe.

Radial component of vortex electric field force

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Vasyl Tchaban ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Spherical Body ◽  
Radial Component ◽  
Force Interaction ◽  
Finite Speed ◽  
The Third ◽  
Electric Field Force ◽  
Electrically Charged ◽  
Positively Charged

he differential equations of motion of electrically charged bodies in an uneven vortex electric field at all possible range of velocities are obtained in the article. In the force interaction, in addition to the two components – the Coulomb and Lorentz forces – the third component of a hitherto unknown force is involved. This component turned out to play a crucial role in the dynamics of movement. The equations are written in the usual 3D Euclidean space and physical time.This takes into account the finite speed of electric field propagation and the law of electric charge conservation. On this basis, the trajectory of the electron in an uneven electric field generated by a positively charged spherical body is simulated. The equations of motion are written in vector and coordinate forms. A physical interpretation of the obtained mathematical results is given. Examples of simulations are given.

Conservation Principles for Systems With a Varying Number of Degrees-of-Freedom

1998 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Djerassi
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Nonholonomic Systems ◽  
Linear Momentum ◽  
Dynamical Equations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Conservation Principles

This paper is the third in a trilogy dealing with simple, nonholonomic systems which, while in motion, change their number of degrees-of-freedom (defined as the number of independent generalized speeds required to describe the motion in question). The first of the trilogy introduced the theory underlying the dynamical equations of motion of such systems. The second dealt with the evaluation of noncontributing forces and of noncontributing impulses during such motion. This paper deals with the linear momentum, angular momentum, and mechanical energy of these systems. Specifically, expressions for changes in these quantities during imposition and removal of constraints are formulated in terms of the associated changes in the generalized speeds.

scholarly journals Awareness Among Dental Undergraduate Students Regarding CAD/CAM Technology—A Survey Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Sushmita V. Palanisamy ◽  
Chethan Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Computer Aided Manufacturing ◽  
The Third ◽  
Survey Report ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Aided Design

Abstract Background Contemporary dentistry is advancing toward computer-aided design/ computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology. But the budding dentists are unaware about the advancement. This survey aims at detecting the level of awareness among the undergraduate students and then correlating those results to modify the future curriculum. Objective The study aims (1) to assess the awareness among the dental undergraduate students and (2) to correlate the level of awareness among the third years, final years, and interns. Sample Selection Study sample consist of 300 students (third year students, final year students, and interns) of A. B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India. The information of the survey was collected with the help of a questionnaire. Results More than 70% of the students were aware about the basic functioning of CAD/CAM unit and approximately 74% of the students were unaware about the materials used to fabricate the prosthesis using CAD/CAM technology.

Learning the Dynamics of Objects by Optimal Functional Interpolation

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 2457-2472
Author(s):  
Jong-Hoon Ahn ◽  
In Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Functional Data ◽  
Continuity Equation ◽  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Conserved Quantities ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Navier Stokes Equation ◽  
Over Time

Many areas of science and engineering rely on functional data and their numerical analysis. The need to analyze time-varying functional data raises the general problem of interpolation, that is, how to learn a smooth time evolution from a finite number of observations. Here, we introduce optimal functional interpolation (OFI), a numerical algorithm that interpolates functional data over time. Unlike the usual interpolation or learning algorithms, the OFI algorithm obeys the continuity equation, which describes the transport of some types of conserved quantities, and its implementation shows smooth, continuous flows of quantities. Without the need to take into account equations of motion such as the Navier-Stokes equation or the diffusion equation, OFI is capable of learning the dynamics of objects such as those represented by mass, image intensity, particle concentration, heat, spectral density, and probability density.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document