Flashlight as a Process Tracing Method

2012 ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schulte-Mecklenbeck ◽  
Ryan O. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Process Tracing ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Laboratory Setup ◽  
Mouse Movements ◽  
Specialized Hardware ◽  
Information Board

Flashlight is an open source process-tracing tool that records mouse movements in real time during an information search task (Schulte-Mecklenbeck, Murphy & Hutzler, 2011). Using this tool, acquisition behavior and visual attention can be recorded in an unobtrusive way with a wide variety of different stimuli. Because of the structure of the stimuli in Flashlight, information acquisition behavior can be measured similarly to how eye tracking works, but unlike eye tracking systems, Flashlight can be implemented without any special equipment. The motivation for developing a new process-tracing tool comes from experience with existing process tracing methods and their limitations. Other existing process tracing tools restrict the structure of information (often in a rigid matrix similar to an information board); require a fixed and confided laboratory setup; and need specialized hardware and software that is both expensive to purchase and operate. Flashlight solves these issues by providing a free open source adaptable software package that can work via a Web browser on any Internet connected personal computer. Moreover, the researcher has great flexibility in how stimuli are constructed and presented, and Flashlight also enables easy access to a large number of participants through Internet based experiments.

Commercial and Open Access Integrated Information Search Tools in Indian Libraries

2016 ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
Sangeeta N. Dhamdhere ◽  
Ramdas Lihitkar
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Federated Search ◽  
Education Environment ◽  
Discovery Service ◽  
Single User Interface ◽  
Search Tool ◽  
The Right

A library portal is single-user interface for accessing a wide variety of electronic resources, both within and outside the library. A few federated search engines like EBSCO Discovery service, Summon (web scale discovery service), Knimbus, Mendeley, FedGate, ABCD open source software, Google CSE etc. are being used by libraries to give access to all subscribed or free online e-resources as well as library catalogues, archives' and other reading materials in the library to save the time of readers and give easy access to multiple databases and resources through federated search tool. In distance learning and online education environment libraries need to provide the right information on a single platform to its users from all resources or databases available in the library in a minimum of time. In this chapter the author discusses about the selected commercial as well as open source discovery tools used in Indian Libraries.

Commercial and Open Access Integrated Information Search Tools in Indian Libraries

2020 ◽  
pp. 550-565
Author(s):  
Sangeeta N. Dhamdhere ◽  
Ramdas Lihitkar
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Federated Search ◽  
Education Environment ◽  
Discovery Service ◽  
Single User Interface ◽  
Search Tool ◽  
The Right

A library portal is single-user interface for accessing a wide variety of electronic resources, both within and outside the library. A few federated search engines like EBSCO Discovery service, Summon (web scale discovery service), Knimbus, Mendeley, FedGate, ABCD open source software, Google CSE etc. are being used by libraries to give access to all subscribed or free online e-resources as well as library catalogues, archives' and other reading materials in the library to save the time of readers and give easy access to multiple databases and resources through federated search tool. In distance learning and online education environment libraries need to provide the right information on a single platform to its users from all resources or databases available in the library in a minimum of time. In this chapter the author discusses about the selected commercial as well as open source discovery tools used in Indian Libraries.

Predicting readers’ domain knowledge based on eye-tracking measures

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1027-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Lu ◽  
Jiyue Zhang ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Ji Li
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Baseline Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Total Fixation ◽  
Negative Predictor

Purpose This paper aims to examine the effect of domain knowledge on eye-tracking measures and predict readers’ domain knowledge from these measures in a navigational table of contents (N-TOC) system. Design/methodology/approach A controlled experiment of three reading tasks was conducted in an N-TOC system for 24 postgraduates of Wuhan University. Data including fixation duration, fixation count and inter-scanning transitions were collected and calculated. Participants’ domain knowledge was measured by pre-experiment questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis was leveraged to build the prediction model and the model’s performance was evaluated based on baseline model. Findings The results showed that novices spent significantly more time in fixating on text area than experts, because of the difficulty of understanding the information of text area. Total fixation duration on text area (TFD_T) was a significantly negative predictor of domain knowledge. The prediction performance of logistic regression model using eye-tracking measures was better than baseline model, with the accuracy, precision and F(β = 1) scores to be 0.71, 0.86, 0.79. Originality/value Little research has been reported in literature on investigation of domain knowledge effect on eye-tracking measures during reading and prediction of domain knowledge based on eye-tracking measures. Most studies focus on multimedia learning. With respect to the prediction of domain knowledge, only some studies are found in the field of information search. This paper makes a good contribution to the literature on the effect of domain knowledge on eye-tracking measures during N-TOC reading and predicting domain knowledge.

scholarly journals Eye-Tracking Technology in Online Real Estate Rental

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jie Sun ◽  
Zhiruo Wang ◽  
Xiaoyi Dang ◽  
Yang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Web Page ◽  
Information Display ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Real ◽  
Display Area ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Text Information

In China in recent years, the rental housing market has boomed, but insufficient attention has been paid to microsubject tenants in the market, and there is a lack of research results on tenants’ decision-making processes. In keeping with the characteristics of China’s accommodation-renting population, this study takes as its research object graduating students, who form an important group in the housing rental market, and focuses on the information retrieval process underlying prospective tenants’ rental decisions. First, it investigates tenants’ concerns during the renting process by means of questionnaires. Second, using eye-tracking experiments, the real online renting process is simulated and tenants’ web listings are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. In the process of information search, the characteristics and rules of browsing the entry search page, the listings page, and the details page are obtained, and the factors that prospective tenants pay attention to in their search for rental information are obtained. The research results show that initial alphabetical sorting of the term search page can improve the subjects’ efficiency in locating the target keywords, the text information display area of the listings page receives more attention than others, and the real concern factors of the tenants on the page listing details are generally consistent with their selected factors but deviate slightly. Finally, the layout and display of web page information affect how subjects’ attention is distributed, and web page information presents a significant difference in attention between upper and lower pages.

A Behavioral Process Approach to Information Acquisition in Nondurable Purchasing

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 532-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Jacoby ◽  
Robert W. Chestnut ◽  
William A. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Information Search ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Consumer Information ◽  
Behavioral Process ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Attitudinal Brand Loyalty ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A behavioral process method was used to explore the relationship of individual difference factors to consumer information acquisition behavior. Findings included: (1) the mean proportion of available information actually acquired was 2%, and (2) information search was concentrated on six of the 35 available information dimensions; increased information acquisition was related (3) positively to the product's importance for the individual, (4) positively to being an optimizer rather than a satisficer, (5) positively to high amounts of past purchasing experience with the product, and (6) negatively to attitudinal brand loyalty.

Decision Making Processes in Risky and Non-Risky Consumer Product Selection

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 356-360
Author(s):  
Cassie B. Barlow ◽  
Amy J. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Consumer Product ◽  
Product Selection ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Decision Tasks

Decision making in the domain of risk has traditionally been studied by examining gambling behavior. The control of outcome probabilities obtained in these paradigms masks much of the subjective nature of everyday risk decision choices, such as product selection and information search patterns. A study was undertaken to examine decision making processes in Risky and NonRisky consumer product decision tasks. Subjects completed two Information Display Board (IDB) decision tasks, one selecting a Risky consumer product (oral contraceptive) and one selecting a NonRisky consumer product (toothpaste). The results supported the hypotheses that consumers view the decisions to purchase risky and non-risky products differently and use different patterns of information acquisition in making decisions in the selection of these products. Few anticipated differences were found between Experienced and NonExperienced users of oral contraceptives in information acquisition. Implications for health care professionals providing oral contraceptive information to patients are discussed.

scholarly journals Webcam-based online eye-tracking for behavioral research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaozhi Yang ◽  
Ian Krajbich
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Behavioral Research ◽  
Process Tracing ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Experimental Software ◽  
Validation Procedure ◽  
Tracing Techniques ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Relationship

Experiments are increasingly moving online (especially during the COVID epidemic). This poses a major challenge for researchers who rely on in-lab process-tracing techniques such as eye-tracking. Researchers in computer science have developed a web-based eye-tracking application (WebGazer) (Papoutsaki et al., 2016) but it has yet to see use in behavioral research. This is likely due to the extensive calibration and validation procedure (~50% of the study time) and low/inconsistent temporal resolution (Semmelmann & Weigelt, 2018), as well as the challenge of integrating it into standard experimental software. Here, we incorporate WebGazer with the most widely used JavaScript library among behavioral researchers (jsPsych) and adjust the procedure and code to reduce calibration/validation and dramatically improve the temporal resolution (from 100-1000 ms to 20-30 ms or better). We test our WebGazer/jsPsych combination with a decision-making study on Amazon MTurk. We find little degradation in spatial or temporal resolution over the course of the ~30-minute experiment. We replicate previous in-lab findings on the relationship between gaze dwell time and value-based choice. In summary, we provide an open-source, accessible, software template and tutorial for web-based eye-tracking in behavioral research that is sufficient to replicate in-lab studies with just a modest number of participants (N=38), and that is orders of magnitude faster than in-lab data collection. Moreover, we highlight that web-based eye-tracking is a useful tool for all behavioral researchers, as it can be used to ensure that study participants are humans and not machines.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 RECoVERY: a multi-platform open-source bioinformatic pipeline for the automatic construction and analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes from NGS sequencing data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca De Sabato ◽  
Gabriele Vaccari ◽  
Arnold Knijn ◽  
Giovanni Ianiro ◽  
Ilaria Di Bartolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Rapid Analysis ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Bioinformatics Pipeline ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Sequencing Platform ◽  
Link Type ◽  
And Storage

AbstractBackgroundSince its first appearance in December 2019, the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), spread worldwide causing an increasing number of cases and deaths (35,537,491 and 1,042,798, respectively at the time of writing, https://covid19.who.int). Similarly, the number of complete viral genome sequences produced by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), increased exponentially. NGS enables a rapid accumulation of a large number of sequences. However, bioinformatics analyses are critical and require combined approaches for data analysis, which can be challenging for non-bioinformaticians.ResultsA user-friendly and sequencing platform-independent bioinformatics pipeline, named SARS-CoV-2 RECoVERY (REconstruction of CoronaVirus gEnomes & Rapid analYsis) has been developed to build SARS-CoV-2 complete genomes from raw sequencing reads and to investigate variants. The genomes built by SARS-CoV-2 RECoVERY were compared with those obtained using other software available and revealed comparable or better performances of SARS–CoV2 RECoVERY. Depending on the number of reads, the complete genome reconstruction and variants analysis can be achieved in less than one hour. The pipeline was implemented in the multi-usage open-source Galaxy platform allowing an easy access to the software and providing computational and storage resources to the community.ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 RECoVERY is a piece of software destined to the scientific community working on SARS-CoV-2 phylogeny and molecular characterisation, providing a performant tool for the complete reconstruction and variants’ analysis of the viral genome. Additionally, the simple software interface and the ability to use it through a Galaxy instance without the need to implement computing and storage infrastructures, make SARS-CoV-2 RECoVERY a resource also for virologists with little or no bioinformatics skills.Availability and implementationThe pipeline SARS-CoV-2 RECoVERY (REconstruction of COronaVirus gEnomes & Rapid analYsis) is implemented in the Galaxy instance ARIES (https://aries.iss.it).

scholarly journals Osimin - A meteorological data platform for processing SIMIN data built on open source software

2018 ◽  
Vol XIX (1) ◽  
pp. 555-560
Author(s):  
Băutu E
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Setup Cost ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Software Application ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Data Platform

In 2003, the Romanian National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology inaugurated National Integrated Meteorological System (SIMIN), consisting of a network of stations and instruments for measurement and detection of hydro and meteorological data, a specialized communication network, a forecasting network, and a dissemination network. With a setup cost of $55 million and a national priority role, SIMIN (implemented by Lockheed Martin) is relatively black boxed even today, using proprietary technology and software. Few institutions have direct access to the data it provides. In this paper, we present the design of a web-based software application built on open source software that allows easy access to and processing of data available in SIMIN.

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