Real-Time Hardware-in-the-Loop in Railway

2012 ◽  
pp. 221-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Baccari ◽  
Giulio Cammeo ◽  
Christian Dufour ◽  
Luigi Iannelli ◽  
Vincenzo Mungiguerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Induction Motor ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Control Software ◽  
The Real ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
And Performance

The increasing complexity of modern ground vehicles is making crucial the role of control for improving energetic efficiency, comfort and performance. At the same time, the control software must be frequently updated in order to let the vehicle respond safely and efficiently within more sophisticated environments and to optimize the operations when new vehicle components are integrated. In this framework real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulations represent a fundamental tool for supporting the verification and validation processes of the control software and hardware. In this chapter a railway case study will be presented. The mathematical models of the most relevant electromechanical components of the vehicle powertrain are presented: the pantograph connected to an ideal overhead line with continuous voltage; the electrical components of a pre-charge circuit, the line filter and the braking chopper; the three-phase voltage source inverter and the induction motor; and, finally, the mechanical transmission system, including its interactions with the rail. Then the issues related to the real-time simulation of the locomotive components models are discussed, concentrating on challenges related to the stiff nature of the dynamic equations and on their numerical integration by combining field programmable gate array (FPGA) and central processing unit (CPU) boards. The usefulness of the real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulations for the analysis of railway control software will be demonstrated by considering the powertrains of two real metropolitan trains under complex scenarios, i.e., stator winding disconnection of the induction motor, pantograph missing contact, wheel-rail slipping phenomenon.

scholarly journals Power Hardware-in-the-Loop: Response of Power Components in Real-Time Grid Simulation Environment

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Moiz Muhammad ◽  
Holger Behrends ◽  
Stefan Geißendörfer ◽  
Karsten von Maydell ◽  
Carsten Agert
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Compensation Strategy ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
The Real

With increasing changes in the contemporary energy system, it becomes essential to test the autonomous control strategies for distributed energy resources in a controlled environment to investigate power grid stability. Power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) concept is an efficient approach for such evaluations in which a virtually simulated power grid is interfaced to a real hardware device. This strongly coupled software-hardware system introduces obstacles that need attention for smooth operation of the laboratory setup to validate robust control algorithms for decentralized grids. This paper presents a novel methodology and its implementation to develop a test-bench for a real-time PHIL simulation of a typical power distribution grid to study the dynamic behavior of the real power components in connection with the simulated grid. The application of hybrid simulation in a single software environment is realized to model the power grid which obviates the need to simulate the complete grid with a lower discretized sample-time. As an outcome, an environment is established interconnecting the virtual model to the real-world devices. The inaccuracies linked to the power components are examined at length and consequently a suitable compensation strategy is devised to improve the performance of the hardware under test (HUT). Finally, the compensation strategy is also validated through a simulation scenario.

A Survey of Real-Time Industrial Wireless LAN Research

2015 ◽  
Vol 738-739 ◽  
pp. 1105-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Qing Qin ◽  
Ying Jie Cheng ◽  
Chun Jie Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Wireless Lan ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
The Real ◽  
Time Requirements ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Fundamental Mechanism

This paper mainly surveys the state-of-the-art on real-time communicaton in industrial wireless local networks(WLANs), and also identifys the suitable approaches to deal with the real-time requirements in future. Firstly, this paper summarizes the features of industrial WLANs and the challenges it encounters. Then according to the real-time problems of industrial WLAN, the fundamental mechanism of each recent representative resolution is analyzed in detail. Meanwhile, the characteristics and performance of these resolutions are adequately compared. Finally, this paper concludes the current of the research and discusses the future development of industrial WLANs.

scholarly journals Real-Time Monte Carlo Optimization on FPGA for the Efficient and Reliable Message Chain Structure

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heoncheol Lee ◽  
Kipyo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Monte Carlo Optimization ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Programmable Gate Arrays

This paper addresses the real-time optimization problem to find the most efficient and reliable message chain structure in data communications based on half-duplex command–response protocols such as MIL-STD-1553B communication systems. This paper proposes a real-time Monte Carlo optimization method implemented on field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) which can not only be conducted very quickly but also avoid the conflicts with other tasks on a central processing unit (CPU). Evaluation results showed that the proposed method can consistently find the optimal message chain structure within a quite small and deterministic time, which was much faster than the conventional Monte Carlo optimization method on a CPU.

SS-OCT and FD-OCT System Prototyping Using LabVIEW FPGA

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zach Olson
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Graphics Processing Units ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Programmable Gate Arrays ◽  
Labview Fpga ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Control Light ◽  
The Cost

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) techniques have opened up a number of new medical imaging applications in research and clinical applications. Key application areas include cancer research, vascular applications such as imaging arterial plaque, and ophthalmology applications such as pre and post-operative cataract surgery imaging. Emerging Technologies in galvo control, light sources, detector technologies, and parallel hardware-based processing are increasing the quality and performance of images, as well as reducing the cost and footprint of OCT systems. The parallel computing capabilities of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), multi-core processors, and graphics processing units (GPUs) have enabled real-time OCT image processing, which provides real-time image data to support surgical procedures.

scholarly journals Hardware-in-the-Loop Operations With an Emulator Rig for SOFC Hybrid Systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario L. Ferrari ◽  
Alessandro Sorce ◽  
Aristide F. Massardo
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Set Point ◽  
The Real ◽  
System Components

This paper shows the Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) technique developed for the complete emulation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) based hybrid systems. This approach is based on the coupling of an emulator test rig with a real-time software for components which are not included in the plant. The experimental facility is composed of a T100 microturbine (100 kW electrical power size) modified for the connection to an SOFC emulator device. This component is composed of both anodic and cathodic vessels including also the anodic recirculation system which is carried out with a single stage ejector, driven by an air flow in the primary duct. However, no real stack material was installed in the plant. For this reason, a real-time dynamic software was developed in the Matlab-Simulink environment including all the SOFC system components (the fuel cell stack with the calculation of the electrochemical aspects considering also the real losses, the reformer, and a cathodic recirculation based on a blower, etc.). This tool was coupled with the real system utilizing a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) data exchange approach (the model receives flow data from the plant at the inlet duct of the cathodic vessel, while it is able to operate on the turbine changing its set-point of electrical load or turbine outlet temperature). So, the software is operated to control plant properties to generate the effect of a real SOFC in the rig. In stand-alone mode the turbine load is changed with the objective of matching the measured Turbine Outlet Temperature (TOT) value with the calculated one by the model. In grid-connected mode the software/hardware matching is obtained through a direct manipulation of the TOT set-point. This approach was essential to analyze the matching issues between the SOFC and the micro gas turbine devoting several tests on critical operations, such as start-up, shutdown and load changes. Special attention was focused on tests carried out to solve the control system issues for the entire real hybrid plant emulated with this HIL approach. Hence, the innovative control strategies were developed and successfully tested considering both the Proportional Integral Derivative and advanced approaches. Thanks to the experimental tests carried out with this HIL system, a comparison between different control strategies was performed including a statistic analysis on the results The positive performance obtainable with a Model Predictive Control based technique was shown and discussed. So, the HIL system presented in this paper was essential to perform the experimental tests successfully (for real hybrid system development) without the risks of destroying the stack in case of failures. Mainly surge (especially during transient operations, such as load changes) and other critical conditions (e.g. carbon deposition, high pressure difference between the fuel cell sides, high thermal gradients in the stack, excessive thermal stress in the SOFC system components, etc.) have to be carefully avoided in complete plants.

Study on Hardware-in-the-Loop-Simulation of Hydroturbine Governing System

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 395-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Hui Song ◽  
Yun Min Xie ◽  
Wei You Cai
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Real Time Simulation ◽  
Testing Platform ◽  
The Real ◽  
Governing System ◽  
Time Simulation

This paper introduces a testing mothod about hydroturbine governing system based on dSPACE hardware-in-the-loop-simulation. PID parameters are adjusted by hardware-in-the-loop -simulation. The results of the simulation show that it can provide simple, intuitive simulation model, and make parameters adjusting more intuitive and easier. The validity of the testing platform have been testified by the results of real-time simulation and hardware-in-the-loop-simulation. The superiority of controldesk in the real-time simulation is prominent.

scholarly journals Optimization of an Intelligent Music-Playing System Based on Network Communication

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Liaoyan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Recommendation System ◽  
Topic Model ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Interaction Data ◽  
Music Recommendation ◽  
System Testing ◽  
The Real ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Performance

Streaming media server is the core system of audio and video application in the Internet; it has a wide range of applications in music recommendation. As song libraries and users of music websites and APPs continue to increase, user interaction data are generated at an increasingly fast rate, making the shortcomings of the original offline recommendation system and the advantages of the real-time streaming recommendation system more and more obvious. This paper describes in detail the working methods and contents of each stage of the real-time streaming music recommendation system, including requirement analysis, overall design, implementation of each module of the system, and system testing and analysis, from a practical scenario. Moreover, this paper analyzes the current research status and deficiencies in the field of music recommendation by analyzing the user interaction data of real music websites. From the actual requirements of the system, the functional and performance goals of the system are proposed to address these deficiencies, and then the functional structure, general architecture, and database model of the system are designed, and how to interact with the server side and the client side is investigated. For the implementation of data collection and statistics module, this paper adopts Flume and Kafka to collect user behavior data and uses Spark Streaming and Redis to count music popularity trends and support efficient query. The recommendation engine module in this paper is designed and optimized using Spark to implement incremental matrix decomposition on data streams, online collaborative topic model, and improved item-based collaborative filtering algorithm. In the system testing section, the functionality and performance of the system are tested, and the recommendation engine is tested with real datasets to show the discovered music themes and analyze the test results in detail.

scholarly journals Monitoring and controlling the speed and direction of a DC motor through FPGA and comparison of FPGA for speed and performance optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 3903
Author(s):  
Huda M. Abdul Abbas ◽  
Raad Farhood Chisab ◽  
Mohannad Jabbar Mnati
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dc Motor ◽  
Know How ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Programmable Gate Arrays ◽  
And Performance

<span lang="EN-US">We are living in the 21<sup>st</sup> century, an era of acquiring necessity in one click. As we, all know that technology is continuously reviving to stay ahead of advancements taking place in this world of making things easier for mankind. Technology has been putting his part in introducing different projects as we have used the field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) development board of low cost and programmable logic done by the new evolvable cyclone software is optimized for specific energy based on Altera Cyclone II (EP2C5T144) through which we can control the speed of any electronic device or any Motor Control IP product targeted for the fan and pump. Altera Cyclone FPGAs’ is a board through which we can monitor the speed and direction of the DC motor. As we know how to make understand, dynamic analog input using an A-to-D convertor and we know how to create pulse width modulation (PWM) output with FPGA. Therefore, by combining these two functions we can create an FPGA DC motor controller. Our paper is divided into three parts: First, all of us will attempt to imitate the issue and can try to look for its answer. Secondly, we will try to verify the solution for real-time. In addition, in the last step, we will verify the solution on the real-time measurements.</span>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document