Evaluating the Psychobiologic Effects of Fragrances through Salivary Biomarkers

2012 ◽  
pp. 359-369
Author(s):  
Masaki Yamaguchi ◽  
Vivek Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Olfactory Stimulation ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Psychological Assessments ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers ◽  
Point Of Use

Olfactory stimulation by odorant molecules produces neurobiologic responses that manifest in the salivary proteome. This chapter highlights recent progress in the use of salivary biomarkers to augment conventional psychological assessments of the effects of fragrances and odors. New, low-cost, portable salivary biosensors enable point-of use measurements of physiological effects of fragrances in naturalistic settings. The ability to operationalize measurement of the sedative state induced by a fragrance will clarify the mechanistic underpinnings of olfactory stimulation and facilitate investigations of structure-odor relationships that are necessary for the synthesis of new odorant molecules.

scholarly journals A review of biomass materials for advanced lithium–sulfur batteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (32) ◽  
pp. 7484-7495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huadong Yuan ◽  
Tiefeng Liu ◽  
Yujing Liu ◽  
Jianwei Nai ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Abundance ◽  
Chemical Adsorption ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Lithium Sulfur Batteries ◽  
Biomass Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Lithium Sulfur

This review summarizes recent progress of biomass-derived materials in Li–S batteries. These materials are promising due to their advantages including strong physical and chemical adsorption, high abundance, low cost, and environmental friendliness.

scholarly journals Bimetallic Ni-Based Catalysts for CO2 Methanation: A Review

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Anastasios I. Tsiotsias ◽  
Nikolaos D. Charisiou ◽  
Ioannis V. Yentekakis ◽  
Maria A. Goula
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Alloy Formation ◽  
Co2 Methanation ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Low Dispersion ◽  
Made In

CO2 methanation has recently emerged as a process that targets the reduction in anthropogenic CO2 emissions, via the conversion of CO2 captured from point and mobile sources, as well as H2 produced from renewables into CH4. Ni, among the early transition metals, as well as Ru and Rh, among the noble metals, have been known to be among the most active methanation catalysts, with Ni being favoured due to its low cost and high natural abundance. However, insufficient low-temperature activity, low dispersion and reducibility, as well as nanoparticle sintering are some of the main drawbacks when using Ni-based catalysts. Such problems can be partly overcome via the introduction of a second transition metal (e.g., Fe, Co) or a noble metal (e.g., Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd and Re) in Ni-based catalysts. Through Ni-M alloy formation, or the intricate synergy between two adjacent metallic phases, new high-performing and low-cost methanation catalysts can be obtained. This review summarizes and critically discusses recent progress made in the field of bimetallic Ni-M (M = Fe, Co, Cu, Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd, Re)-based catalyst development for the CO2 methanation reaction.

scholarly journals Robust immobilization of anionic silver nanoparticles on cellulose filter paper toward a low-cost point-of-use water disinfection system with improved anti-biofouling properties

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4873-4882
Author(s):  
Gongyan Liu ◽  
Ruiquan Yu ◽  
Jing Jiang ◽  
Zhuang Ding ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Cellulose Filter

Point-of-use water disinfection by GA@AgNPs-LA-FP.

scholarly journals Use of ceramic pot filter (CPF) technology under pressure in an in-line pumping system

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 843-852
Author(s):  
Travis D. Gardner ◽  
Joe D. Guggenberger
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Logarithmic Reduction

Abstract Ceramic pot filters (CPFs) are an effective point of use water treatment device in developing nations due to their low cost and effectiveness. CPFs are gravity fed, typically making water production a major limiting factor to a CPF's lifetime and acceptability. Directly connecting CPFs to in-line pumping systems or systems with an elevated storage tank would allow filter usage for constant water treatment at increased pressures, increasing the quantity of treated water. Ceramic disks were manufactured for testing in a specially designed housing apparatus. Filters of varying thicknesses and clay to sawdust mass ratios were manufactured to fit tightly. Flowrate and microbiological removal efficacy (logarithmic reduction value (LRV)) were determined over the testing period at various pressures. Flowrate values ranged from 2.44 to 9.04 L per hour, significantly higher than traditional CPF technology. LRVs ranged from 1.1 to 2.0, lower than traditional CPF technology but still effective at removing most Escherichia coli and total coliform bacteria. Filters proved effective at removing total and fecal coliforms at pressures less than 70 kilopascals. The optimum filter had a thickness of 3.2 cm and clay to sawdust ratio of 6:1 by mass. Filters proved to be ineffective if flowrates were above 5 L/h.

scholarly journals An efficient low cost-low technology whole household water collection and treatment system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. I. Okogwu ◽  
F. A. Elebe ◽  
G. N. Nwonumara
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
Technology System ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Most residents in developing countries suffer severe water shortage and often resort to self-supply. Unfortunately, some self-supply water sources contain disease-causing biological and chemical contaminants and require point-of-use (POU) treatment. However, recontamination and persistence of chemical contaminants occur, which defeats the aim of POU. This study aims to develop an affordable low technology system that effectively treats whole-house water sourced from borehole and rain without recontamination. Raw borehole water (RBW) was treated with KAl(SO4)2.12H2O (8.10 mg/L), Ca(OH)2 (68.21 mg/L) and NaOCl (1.875 mg/L) in two separate tanks and thereafter filtered through 5-micron and 0.5-micron carbon filters, and reverse osmosis system. The results showed that heterotrophic plate count (2,700 CFU/mL) and total coliform (378.00±21.25 MPN/100 mL) in RBW were reduce to zero, and total hardness was reduced by >83% after treatment and there was no recontamination. Chromium (0.05±0.002 mg/L), Cu (0.04±0.001 mg/L), Pb (0.09±0.001 mg/L), Fe (0.26±0.005 mg/L) and Mn (0.2±0.001 mg/L) in the RBW were reduced below detectable limits after treatment. The annual per capita cost of water treatment was estimated at N4,744.44 ($9.32) at per capita consumption of 100 L/day. Our technology shows exceptional promises in providing affordable and safe water to the entire household throughout the year.

scholarly journals Impact of pretreatment on defluoridation of drinking water by bone char adsorption

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Teusner ◽  
Rhett Butler ◽  
Pierre Le Clech
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Bone Char ◽  
Subsequent Removal ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Gravity Driven

Fluoride concentrations in drinking water in excess of 1.5 mg L-1 are unsafe for human consumption. To reduce excess fluoride intake, developing countries must use low-cost, point-of-use defluoridation techniques. Although previous work has extensively assessed defluoridation using bone char (BC), most of the advanced studies have been based on the use of fluoridated distilled water as a feed solution. In the present study, BC columns were challenged with a range of model solutions, mimicking various pretreatment options. As a result, the relative impact of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and suspended solids (SS) on the performance of BC filters was assessed. In addition, the performance of a gravity-driven, hollow fibre ultrafiltration (UF) module was examined with regards to the potential for use as a pretreatment option. SS were observed to severely clog the columns and cause the complete cessation of flow. The subsequent removal of SS by UF improved the general filter performance as well as increasing the BC lifetime by 50 %. The UF module achieved a reduction in DOC of 34 ± 6 %, resulting in an additional 30 % increase in the lifetime of the BC column.

Technical Publications and the User

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald D. Eames ◽  
Jack Starr
Keyword(s):  
Technical Writing ◽  
System Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Hardware Costs ◽  
New Criteria ◽  
And Training

The low cost of technical publications relative to hardware costs is asserted to be no reason for minimizing the important role of publications in equipment functioning and system performance. The mechanistic orientation in psychology and elsewhere is challenged and reasons are given for added human factors contributions to make technical information more usable. Studies are cited which reveal numerous inadequacies in technical handbooks at the point of use. Conventional studies of technical message variables are suggested to be of only slight relevance to military publications design due to different populations, environments, and conditions of stress. A concept of technical handbooks as devices to control behavior is explained. The need is put forth for a more empirical rather than subjective orientation to technical writing. Recommendations include a proposal for investigation of “user-designed” handbooks, integration of publications development within system development, and study to determine new criteria for effective writing and for the selection and training of writers.

Recent Progress in Disposable Ion-Selective Sensors for Environmental Applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giusy Matzeu ◽  
Claudio Zuliani ◽  
Dermot Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Contact Layer ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Solid Contact ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Deposition Techniques

Solid-contact Ion Selective Electrodes (SC-ISEs) for the detection of lead are prepared on screen printed substrates in order to have low-cost and disposable sensors which may be useful in long-term environmental monitoring. It is shown that the materials used as solid contact layer, the deposition techniques and their thickness affect greatly the performances of the sensors. Poly(3-octylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (POT) and poly-3,4-ethylenedioxithiophene (PEDOT) are employed in this investigation. A trend showing an optimum is found for sensors prepared with POT as the batch reproducibility depends on the amount drop-cast, i.e., thickness. In case of PEDOT which is grown amperometrically the trend is more complex but an optimum for the batch reproducibility is again found depending on the current density. In the latter case, the film thickness and the overoxidation degree of the polymer probably concur in determining a more complex relationship.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document