Inventory of Experimental Works on Cutting Tools’ Life for the Wood Industry

2014 ◽  
pp. 320-342
Author(s):  
Pierre-Jean Méausoone ◽  
Alfredo Aguilera
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Limited Life ◽  
Tool Coatings ◽  
Experimental Works ◽  
Edge Temperature ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fixed Period

Woodworking is based on a trinomial machine/piece/tool. For maximum quality of the manufactured piece, it is important not to separate this trinomial, but the limited life of tools prevents that permanent contact. This phenomenon is due to the wear of the cutting parts of the tools. The prevention of wear is based on two methods. The first is to anticipate the end point of tool wear, changing these after a fixed period, no matter what. The other school is to recognize the tool wear at the event: the tools are changed once they are really worn out, finding faults on manufactured parts. A worn tool generates pieces with non-compliant quality or even unusable. A deeper understanding of wear and its consequences would change the tool at the right time. The tool wear for wood is due to several phenomena interacting with each other. The first dominating phenomenon is a corrosive attack that decreases the mechanical strength of the surface. The second is an abrasive attack whose work is facilitated by the reduced resistance of the surface. Repeated shocks can be in the degradation of the cutting edge, temperature acting as amplifier to wear. Understanding of the wear patterns can characterize the life of tools by wear measurement to find ways to extend this period with development of tool coatings, while maintaining optimal conditions for woodworking to get the best finish.

Study of Surface Roughness of Pieces of Magnesium UNS M11311 Obtained by Dry Turning Using ANOVA

2011 ◽  
Vol 264-265 ◽  
pp. 967-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Rubio ◽  
J.M. Sáenz de Pipaón ◽  
M. Villeta ◽  
M.A. Sebastián
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Cutting Conditions ◽  
Dry Turning ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Surface Finishes ◽  
Tool Coatings ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The work presents a study of surface roughness of pieces of magnesium UNS M11311 obtained by dry turning. The study is focused in repair operations of this type of materials when they are used as inserts of metalic hybrid components. Therefore, the main limitations of this research are the values of the cutting conditions used; especially low in comparison with the usually values of these parameters used in the production of the magnesium. The followed methodology consists of a series of tests of dry horizontally turning carried out with tools of different coatings and under different cutting conditions. The design of experiments has been made by means of fractional factorial orthogonal designs and the analysis of the results by the ANOVA method. The principal result is one ranking for the combinations of cutting conditions and tool coatings based on the surface roughness expected given by the mathematical model. As first conclusion, it is possible to affirm that, the best surface finishes are obtained for low feeds. Cutting tools used in the machining of other types of materials (steel, stainless steel) can be used obtaining a quality of the surface finish similar to that obtained with tools for specific use of non-ferrous metals.

Tool Wear and Surface Integrity in High Speed Milling of a Near Alpha Titanium Alloy

2006 ◽  
Vol 532-533 ◽  
pp. 644-647
Author(s):  
Yi Ping Zhang ◽  
Jiu Hua Xu ◽  
Guo Sheng Geng
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Surface Integrity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
High Speed Milling ◽  
Good Surface ◽  
Alpha Titanium ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V is a near alpha titanium alloy strengthened by solid solution with Al and other components. In this study, a series of experiments on tool wear and surface integrity in high speed milling (HSM) of this alloy were carried out. The tool lives under different cutting speeds were studied and the corresponding empirical equation of tool life was derived. Additionally, the wear mechanism of cutting tools was also discussed. Finally, surface integrity, including surface roughness, metallograph, work hardening and residual stresses, were examined and analysed. The result shows that good surface quality of workpiece could be obtained in HSM of the alloy.

Effect of Tool Wear on Force and Quality in Dam-Bar Cutting of Integrated Circuit Packages

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Cheung ◽  
W. B. Lee ◽  
W. M. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Process ◽  
Post Process ◽  
Process Failure ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Experimental Findings

Dam-bar cutting is an essential trimming process in which the dam-bars in between the leads of Integrated Circuit (IC) packages are removed after encapsulation and deflashing. There are stringent requirements imposed on the quality of the sheared dam-bar edges so as to avoid the post-process failure of the package during assembly on to printed circuit boards. In this paper, a detailed analysis of the wear characteristics of the dam-bar cutting tools and their effects on the force and quality of dam-bar cutting process is reported. The correlation between the peak dam-bar cutting force and the tool wear was also studied under various combinations of wear states of the punch and die. Based on the experimental findings, relationships have been built to correlate the states of wear of the punch and die to the protrusion and burr height of the dam-bar sheared edge. Hence, revised tool life criteria were proposed for the quality control of dam-bar cutting process. The results of the analysis provide an important means for the on-line monitoring of tool wear and edge quality of dam-bar cutting process in the IC packaging industry.

Evaluation of Single Layer Hafnium Nitride Coated Tool for Metal Cutting

2016 ◽  
Vol 1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Henry Navarro Devia ◽  
Willian Aperador Chaparro ◽  
Jairo Cortes Lizarazo
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Hafnium Nitride

ABSTRACTThe main purpose of coatings is to increase the lifetime of cutting tools, to perform continuous and economical material removal process, reducing the frequency of sharpening or replacement of the tool, which contributes to increase quality of product. Therefore, hafnium nitride (HfN) single layer coatings were deposited on High-speed steel by Magnetron Sputtering physical vapour deposition (PVD). The machining on AISI 1020 steel samples were carried out in a computer numerical control (CNC) machine, using coated and uncoated tools, the temperature of the different components were measured (steel bar and tool), due to continuous temperature measurement help to predict tool wear and the quality of finished piece [1] . In order to evaluate wear resistance and performance, not only temperature data were compared, the tool wear morphological analysis for flank wear was carried using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and work pieces roughness were checked through their surfaces in an Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). In most of the parameters evaluated differences between the tools were identified, and results reveals that on HfN coating, occurs less wear, due the proportionality between the energy transfer and the tool deterioration, also the coating improves surface finish of the machined part; all of them are reflected in changes on process temperatures. The use of single layer HfN coating on cutting tools could increase their lifetime, improve the quality of the work piece, and even reduce process time and cost.

scholarly journals Wear Resistance Enhancement of Cutting Tools in CNC Machine

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1264-1270
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Basic Function ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Tool Coatings ◽  
Metal Cutting Tool ◽  
The Right

Cutting Tools form the basis of the machining industry. The Machining industry relies on various processes such as cutting, welding, bending, rolling, turning, profiling, drilling, milling, finishing, which require an effective set of cutting tools. These machining activities need the right cutting tools so that the day to day operations can be performed in an extremely efficient manner while increasing the productivity of the industry. The basic function of a metal cutting tool is to get rid of the extra material from the workpiece and help in producing products with a better surface finish. The material used for the manufacturing of the cutting tools has a significant role to play in deciding the effectiveness and the longevity of the tool. Coated cutting tools were used in the industry for a long time. In recent times more than three fourth of all tools are coated with TiALN and TiN. The mechanical properties of these tools tend to change drastically under elevated temperatures and thus cause the failure of such tools. In this paper, our objective is to use Carbon Nano Tube nanoparticles as coatings for cutting tools. We aim to compare the mechanical properties of these coated tools and do a comparative analysis of tools coated with CNT nanoparticles versus the conventional multi-layered tool coatings

Beckett's Early Verse and the Modernist Long Poem: A Study of ‘Enueg I’

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-213
Author(s):  
Sławomir Studniarz
Keyword(s):  
Long Poem ◽  
The Waste Land ◽  
Waste Land ◽  
Artistic Activity ◽  
Underlying Network ◽  
Experimental Works ◽  
The Cantos ◽  
Semantic Dimension ◽  
Psychological Dimensions

The premise of the article is the contention that Beckett studies have been focused too much on the philosophical, cultural and psychological dimensions of his established canon, at the expense of the artistry. That research on Beckett's work is issue-driven rather than otherwise, and the slender extant body of criticism specifically on his poetic achievements bears no comparison with the massive exploration of the other facets of Beckett's artistic activity. The critical neglect of Beckett's poetry may not be commensurate with the quality of his verse. And it is in the spirit of remedying this oversight that the present article is offered, focusing on ‘Enueg I’, a representative poem from Echo's Bones, which exhibits all the salient features of Beckett's early poetry. It is argued that Beckett's early verse display the twofold influence, that of the transatlantic Modernism of Eliot and Pound, and of French poetry, specifically the visionary and experimental works of Rimbaud, Apollinaire, and the surrealists. Furthermore, the article also demonstrates that ‘Enueg I’ testifies to Beckett's ambition to compose a complex long Modernist poem in the vein of The Waste Land or The Cantos. Beckett's ‘Enueg I’ has much in common with Eliot's exemplary disjunctive Modernist long poem. Both poems are premised on the acutely felt cultural crisis and display the similar tenor in their ending. Finally, they both close with the vision of the doomed and paralyzed world, and the prevalent sense of sterility and dissolution. In the subsequent analysis, which takes up the bulk of the article, careful attention is paid to the patterning of the verbal material, including also the most fundamental level, that of the arrangements of phonemes, with a view to uncovering the underlying network of sound patterns, which contributes decisively to the semantic dimension of the poem.

ANALYSIS OF REGULATIONS REGARDING THE SETTLEMENT OF ISSUES ON THE REMOVAL AND RECOVERY OF PLANTATIONS IN THE RIGHT-OF-WAY OF PUBLIC ROADS

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Nataliia Kharytonova ◽  
Olha Mykolaienko ◽  
Tetyana Lozova
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Visual Orientation ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Overhead Power Lines ◽  
The Right ◽  
Neck Diameter ◽  
Proper Operation

Greening of roads contributes to the protection of roads and their elements from influence of adverse weather and climatic factors; it includes the measures for improvement and landscaping of roads, ensures the protection of roadside areas from transport pollution, provides visual orientation of drivers. The solution of these issues will ensure creation and maintenance of safe and comfortable conditions for travelers. Green plantings in the right-of-way road area include woody, bushy, flower and grass vegetation of natural and artificial origin. For proper operation of public roads and satisfaction of other needs of the industry, there may be the need in removing the greenery. The reason for the removal of greenery in the right-of-way road area may be due to the following factors: construction of the architectural object, widening of the motor road, repair works in the security zone of overhead power lines, water supply, drainage, heating, telecommunications facilities, cutting of hazardous, dry and fautal trees, as well as self-grown and brushwood trees with a root neck diameter not exceeding 5 cm, elimination of the consequences of natural disasters and emergencies. The removal of plantations in the right-of-way area is executed in order to ensure traffic safety conditions and to improve the quality of plantations composition and their protective properties. Nowadays, in Ukraine there is no clear procedure for issuing permits for removing of such plantations. In order to resolve this issue, there is a need in determining the list of regulations in the area of forest resources of Ukraine and, if needed, the list of regulatory acts that have to be improved; to prepare a draft of the regulatory legal act that would establish the procedure of plantations cutting, the methodology of their condition determination, recovery costs determination, the features of cutting. Keywords: plantations, cutting, right-of-way, woodcutting permit, order.

Modifikasi Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) dengan Strategi Pembelajaran Tugas dan Paksa

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tita Mila Mustofani ◽  
Ita Hartinah
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Student Motivation ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Task Strategies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Increasing Student Learning

This writing aims to help teachers to increase motivation, activity, creativity, and critical thinking of students in solving problems in class. The way to increase student motivation in learning in class is to choose the right learning model with ongoing learning material. One learning model that increases students' creativity and critical thinking in problem solving is a Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model. To improve students' insights in order to easily solve problems there is a need to do tasks, if students do not do the task then they must accept the agreed upon consequences when making learning contracts, thus modifying the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model with task strategies and forced. The results of the modification of learning with the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model through forced and forced strategies are expected to improve the learning process so that students become more disciplined and do not waste time doing assignments. The advantages of modifying the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model with task and forced learning strategies are increasing student learning motivation, improving the quality of learning, training students' understanding by giving assignments continuously, teaching discipline to students in order to be accountable for tasks assigned, and reducing laziness in students.

THE VALUE OF LOVE IN THE SYSTEM OF FORMATION OF THE PROFESSIONAL MATURITY OF THE EDUCATOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(79)) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
G. Bubyreva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The existing legislation determines the education as "an integral and focused process of teaching and upbringing, which represents a socially important value and shall be implemented so as to meet the interests of the individual, the family, the society and the state". However, even in this part, the meaning of the notion ‘socially significant benefit is not specified and allows for a wide range of interpretation [2]. Yet the more inconcrete is the answer to the question – "who and how should determine the interests of the individual, the family and even the state?" The national doctrine of education in the Russian Federation, which determined the goals of teaching and upbringing, the ways to attain them by means of the state policy regulating the field of education, the target achievements of the development of the educational system for the period up to 2025, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 4, 2000 #751, was abrogated by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 29, 2014 #245 [7]. The new doctrine has not been developed so far. The RAE Academician A.B. Khutorsky believes that the absence of the national doctrine of education presents a threat to national security and a violation of the right of citizens to quality education. Accordingly, the teacher has to solve the problem of achieving the harmony of interests of the individual, the family, the society and the government on their own, which, however, judging by the officially published results, is the task that exceeds the abilities of the participants of the educational process.  The particular concern about the results of the patriotic upbringing served as a basis for the legislative initiative of the RF President V. V. Putin, who introduced the project of an amendment to the Law of RF "About Education of the Russian Federation" to the State Duma in 2020, regarding the quality of patriotic upbringing [3]. Patriotism, considered by the President of RF V. V. Putin as the only possible idea to unite the nation is "THE FEELING OF LOVE OF THE MOTHERLAND" and the readiness for every sacrifice and heroic deed for the sake of the interests of your Motherland. However, the practicing educators experience shortfalls in efficient methodologies of patriotic upbringing, which should let them bring up citizens, loving their Motherland more than themselves. The article is dedicated to solution to this problem based on the Value-sense paradigm of upbringing educational dynasty of the Kurbatovs [15].

Evaluation of staff in Healthcare Companies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troncone Raffaella ◽  
Coda Marco
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Individual Contribution ◽  
Personnel Evaluation ◽  
Good Evaluation ◽  
The Right

Evaluation is at the basis of any social context where all individuals are simultaneously "evaluated" and "evaluators" in all areas of daily life. The goal of a good evaluation system is to encourage staff to do "Good Health" through the provision of quality prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation services. The main reasons that lead to the evaluation of the personnel lie in the inevitable and primary importance of the human resource in achieving the corporate objectives, and by the pressing need for the quality of the service provided to the citizen, as well as the legitimate need of the employee to differentiate, clarifying its specificities and its own individual contribution to the general objectives of the company. In the working context, the "personnel evaluation" assumes a fundamental importance, if managed with the right criteria, in order to make the employee not a simple pawn to move and manage for use and consumption of the organization, but an integral part of the organization itself.

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