Network Functions Virtualization

2015 ◽  
pp. 383-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego R. López ◽  
Pedro A. Aranda
Keyword(s):  
Current Trend ◽  
Network Services ◽  
Service Provisioning ◽  
It Services ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Current State ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Network Provider ◽  
Network Functions ◽  
Cloud Technologies

Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) has emerged as a new paradigm for designing, deploying and operating network services. It is a natural evolution of the current trend of applying cloud technologies to Information Technology (IT) services, bringing them to network provider environments. While this is true for the most simple use cases, focused on the IT services network providers rely on, the nature of network services and the physical anchors of network themselves impose additional, unique requirements on the virtualization process in this environment. At the same time, NFV provides an opportunity to network providers, reducing operational costs and bringing the promise of dramatically easing the development of new services, reducing their time-to-market, and opening new possibilities for service provisioning. This chapter analyses these requirements and opportunities and the challenges NFV brings to network providers, and reviews the current state of the art in this new way of dealing with network services.

Network Functions Virtualization (NFV)

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-184
Author(s):  
Diego R. Lopez ◽  
Pedro A. Aranda
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Network Services ◽  
Service Provisioning ◽  
It Services ◽  
Natural Evolution ◽  
Time To Market ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Network Provider ◽  
Network Functions ◽  
Cloud Technologies

Network functions virtualization (NFV) is consolidating as one of the base technologies for the design, deployment, and operation of network services. NFV can be seen as a natural evolution of the trend to cloud technologies in IT, and hence perceived as bringing them to the network provider environments. While this can be true for the simplest cases, focused on the IT services network providers rely on, the nature of network services raises unique requirements on the overall virtualization process. NFV aims to provide at the same time an opportunity to network providers, not only in reducing operational costs but also in bringing the promise of easing the development and activation of new services, thereby reducing their time-to-market and opening new approaches for service provisioning and operation, in general. In this chapter, the authors analyse these requirements and opportunities, reviewing the state of the art in this new way of dealing with network services. Also, the chapter presents some NFV deployments endorsed by some network operators and identifies some remaining challenges.

scholarly journals Formation of a new paradigm of anti-money laundering: The experience of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 354-363
Author(s):  
Sergij S. Vitvitskiy ◽  
Oleksandr N. Kurakin ◽  
Pavlo S. Pokataev ◽  
Oleksii M. Skriabin ◽  
Dmytro B. Sanakoiev
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Current State ◽  
Ongoing Training ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
Financial Audit

The increase in the level of money laundering is associated with digitalization and technification of all spheres of society, the globalization of financial markets, the consequences of quarantine measures caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the new ways of committing money laundering crimes. The paper aims to identify the peculiarities of anti-money laundering activities in Ukraine and outline approaches to increase the effectiveness of combating money laundering in the country. The current state of the problem of money laundering is analyzed based on the study literary sources, regulatory framework and their discussion in the Ukrainian society. An attempt was made to systematize the factors influencing the increase in the level of money laundering. The consequences of increasing the level of money laundering for Ukraine have been determined: a shortfall in state budget revenues, a decrease in the level of the social sphere financing, reduced living standards of the population. It has been emphasized that there is a need for a comprehensive approach to the problem of money laundering, which will include ongoing training for financial audit specialists, the establishment of special units to investigate money laundering crimes, enshrining the classification of money laundering crimes in regulatory documents and the establishment of criminal liability for their commission.

scholarly journals SDN/NFV VNF Service Chaining

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dashmeet Anand, Hariharakumar Narasimhakumar, Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Virtual Network ◽  
Network Services ◽  
Entire System ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
Service Chain ◽  
Network Functions ◽  
Multiple Network

Service Function Chaining (SFC) is a capability that links multiple network functions to deploy end-to-end network services. By virtualizing these network functions also known as Virtual Network Functions (VNFs), the dependency on traditional hardware can be removed, hence making it easier to deploy dynamic service chains over the cloud environment. Before implementing service chains over a large scale, it is necessary to understand the performance overhead created by each VNF owing to their varied characteristics. This research paper attempts to gain insights on the server and networking overhead encountered when a service chain is deployed on a cloud orchestration tool such as OpenStack. Specifically, this research will measure the CPU utilization, RAM usage and System Load of the server hosting OpenStack. Each VNF will be monitored for its varying performance parameters when subjected to different kinds of traffic. Our focus lies on acquiring performance parameters of the entire system for different service chains and compare throughput, latency, and VNF statistics of the virtual network. Insights obtained from this research can be used in the industry to achieve optimum performance of hardware and network resources while deploying service chains.

Cloud-based e-health Applications in Palestine: Challenges and Success Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Mousa Abdoh ◽  
Nael Salman
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Healthcare Service ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
It Services ◽  
Potential Models ◽  
It Service ◽  
Current State ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Health Applications

Healthcare service costs are rising all over the world. That is mainly due to the lack of healthcare professionals and IT services.  Cloud computing is an emerging trend that provides a robust infrastructure that enables delivering low-cost services over the internet. In this paper, we conducted an analytical study on the e-health services in Palestine to investigate the current state-of-art and examine all challenges and opportunities to benefit from this technology. Collected data has been analyzed and the results revealed that there is a clear gap between the IT service models provided by Palestinian healthcare service provider, and the potential models based on latest IT trends; mainly, cloud computing. 

Introducing Automation in Service Delivery Procedures

2015 ◽  
pp. 409-430
Author(s):  
Isabel Borges
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Resource Provisioning ◽  
Network Services ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Network Equipment ◽  
Standard Information ◽  
Network Functions ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Data Centres

The combination of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) with Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) approaches is gaining momentum in the Industry as a new way of implementing, managing and controlling telecommunications networks. This chapter aims to go through SDN and lightly over NFV, presenting main characteristics and the standardization work on that technologies. SDN enables programming networks together with the ability to adapt to applications requirements and network dynamics. NFV aims at virtualizing network services by merging several network equipment types onto standard Information Technologies (IT) high volume virtualization technology (switches, servers and storage) located either in data centres, customer premises or network nodes. SDN and NFV interworking ambition is to bring on-demand resource provisioning, resource elasticity, among others with a centralized view of the overall network, able to automatically and dynamically honor service requirements.

Word Sense Disambiguation

2013 ◽  
pp. 22-51
Author(s):  
Pushpak Bhattacharyya ◽  
Mitesh Khapra
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Word Sense Disambiguation ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Word Sense ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Current State ◽  
Sense Disambiguation ◽  
State Of Affairs

This chapter discusses the basic concepts of Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) and the approaches to solving this problem. Both general purpose WSD and domain specific WSD are presented. The first part of the discussion focuses on existing approaches for WSD, including knowledge-based, supervised, semi-supervised, unsupervised, hybrid, and bilingual approaches. The accuracy value for general purpose WSD as the current state of affairs seems to be pegged at around 65%. This has motivated investigations into domain specific WSD, which is the current trend in the field. In the latter part of the chapter, we present a greedy neural network inspired algorithm for domain specific WSD and compare its performance with other state-of-the-art algorithms for WSD. Our experiments suggest that for domain-specific WSD, simply selecting the most frequent sense of a word does as well as any state-of-the-art algorithm.

scholarly journals Aptamers: Novel Therapeutics and Potential Role in Neuro-Oncology

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2889
Author(s):  
Paola Amero ◽  
Soumen Khatua ◽  
Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo ◽  
Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Role ◽  
Diagnostic Applications

A relatively new paradigm in cancer therapeutics is the use of cancer cell–specific aptamers, both as therapeutic agents and for targeted delivery of anticancer drugs. After the first therapeutic aptamer was described nearly 25 years ago, and the subsequent first aptamer drug approved, many efforts have been made to translate preclinical research into clinical oncology settings. Studies of aptamer-based technology have unveiled the vast potential of aptamers in therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Among pediatric solid cancers, brain tumors are the leading cause of death. Although a few aptamer-related translational studies have been performed in adult glioblastoma, the use of aptamers in pediatric neuro-oncology remains unexplored. This review will discuss the biology of aptamers, including mechanisms of targeting cell surface proteins, various modifications of aptamer structure to enhance therapeutic efficacy, the current state and challenges of aptamer use in neuro-oncology, and the potential therapeutic role of aptamers in pediatric brain tumors.

A physiome standards-based model publication paradigm

2009 ◽  
Vol 367 (1895) ◽  
pp. 1823-1844 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Nickerson ◽  
Martin L. Buist
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Web Browsers ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Broadband Internet ◽  
Cellular Electrophysiology ◽  
Current State ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Systems Biology Markup Language ◽  
Model Publication

In this era of widespread broadband Internet penetration and powerful Web browsers on most desktops, a shift in the publication paradigm for physiome-style models is envisaged. No longer will model authors simply submit an essentially textural description of the development and behaviour of their model. Rather, they will submit a complete working implementation of the model encoded and annotated according to the various standards adopted by the physiome project, accompanied by a traditional human-readable summary of the key scientific goals and outcomes of the work. While the final published, peer-reviewed article will look little different to the reader, in this new paradigm, both reviewers and readers will be able to interact with, use and extend the models in ways that are not currently possible. Here, we review recent developments that are laying the foundations for this new model publication paradigm. Initial developments have focused on the publication of mathematical models of cellular electrophysiology, using technology based on a CellML- or Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML)-encoded implementation of the mathematical models. Here, we review the current state of the art and what needs to be done before such a model publication becomes commonplace.

scholarly journals CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE RISK IN NHS ENGLAND: PREDICTING THE IMPACT OF BUILDING PORTFOLIO AGE

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant R. W. MILLS ◽  
Lipika DEKA ◽  
Andrew D. F. PRICE ◽  
Sameedha RICH-MAHADKAR ◽  
Efthimia PANTZARTZIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Current State ◽  
Asset Portfolio ◽  
Age Profile ◽  
The Impact

NHS Trusts in England must adopt appropriate levels of continued investment in routine and backlog maintenance if they are to ensure critical backlog does not accumulate. This paper presents the current state of critical backlog maintenance within the National Health Service (NHS) in England through the statistical analyses of 115 Acute NHS Trusts. It aims to find empirical support for a causal relationship between building portfolio age and year-on-year increases in critical backlog. It makes recommendations for the use of building portfolio age in strategic asset management. The current trend across this sample of NHS Trusts may be typical of the whole NHS built asset portfolio and suggests that most Trusts need to invest between 0.5 and 1.5 per cent of income (depending upon current critical backlog levels and Trust age profile) to simply maintain critical backlog levels. More robust analytics for building age, condition and risk-adjusted backlog maintenance are required.

scholarly journals Reconfigurable Network Stream Processing on Virtualized FPGA Resources

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqiao Chen ◽  
Vaibhawa Mishra ◽  
Jose Nunez-Yanez ◽  
Georgios Zervas
Keyword(s):  
General Purpose ◽  
Network Services ◽  
Network Function Virtualization ◽  
Network Function ◽  
Software Applications ◽  
Data Plane ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Network Functions ◽  
Reconfigurable Platform ◽  
On Chip

The software defined network and network function virtualization are proposed to address the network ossification issue in current Internet infrastructure. Network functions and services are implemented as software applications to increase the programmability of network. However, involving general purpose processors in data plane restricts the bandwidth of network services. Therefore, to keep both the bandwidth and flexibility, a FPGA platform is suggested as a reconfigurable platform to deliver high bandwidth virtual network functions on data plane. In this paper, the FPGA resource has been virtualized by interconnecting partial reconfigurable regions to deliver high bandwidth reconfigurable processing on network streams. With the help of partial reconfiguration technology, network functions on our platform can be configured without affecting other functions on the same FPGA device. The on-chip interconnect system is further evaluated by comparing with existing network-on-chip system. A reconfiguration process is also proposed and demonstrated that it can be performed on our platform. The process can happen in the real time of network services and it is able to keep the original function working during the download of partial bitstream.

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