Integration and Foreign Investment in Latin America

2016 ◽  
pp. 267-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Salvador Espinosa Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Custom Union ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Vertical Fdi ◽  
Cultural Affinity

The processes of economic integration in Latin American economies have logic that goes beyond the simple interest of trade creation. The governments focus on the benefit produced by Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as one of the most important reasons to formalize trade agreements. FDI differs in the way in which this investment relates with the local producer sector and the strategy trade policy followed by local governments. In this sense Latin American economies may receive horizontal or vertical FDI, and this chapter aims to examine the impact of strategic trade policies on the inflows of FDI into two Latin American regions: North Region and South Region. These investment flows come from three economic zones: Asia, America, and European Union. To this end, the gravity equation to compare the weight of variables such as distance, infrastructure, trade openness, and cultural affinity as independent variables and FDI as the dependent variable is estimated. The results obtained show that the strategy trade policy followed in the North Region in the form of trade liberalization, and the strategy trade policy followed in the South Region in the form of a relative closeness with the custom union plus the proposed trade agreements with other regions encouraged inflows of FDI in both regions during the analyzed period. While the gravity hypothesis holds on the South Region, in the North Region it does not hold. In the North Region, vertical FDI is received, and in the South Region it is horizontal FDI.

Integration and Foreign Investment in Latin America

2014 ◽  
pp. 105-124
Author(s):  
Rafael Salvador Espinosa Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Custom Union ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Vertical Fdi ◽  
Cultural Affinity

The processes of economic integration in Latin American economies have logic that goes beyond the simple interest of trade creation. The governments focus on the benefit produced by Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as one of the most important reasons to formalize trade agreements. FDI differs in the way in which this investment relates with the local producer sector and the strategy trade policy followed by local governments. In this sense Latin American economies may receive horizontal or vertical FDI, and this chapter aims to examine the impact of strategic trade policies on the inflows of FDI into two Latin American regions: North Region and South Region. These investment flows come from three economic zones: Asia, America, and European Union. To this end, the gravity equation to compare the weight of variables such as distance, infrastructure, trade openness, and cultural affinity as independent variables and FDI as the dependent variable is estimated. The results obtained show that the strategy trade policy followed in the North Region in the form of trade liberalization, and the strategy trade policy followed in the South Region in the form of a relative closeness with the custom union plus the proposed trade agreements with other regions encouraged inflows of FDI in both regions during the analyzed period. While the gravity hypothesis holds on the South Region, in the North Region it does not hold. In the North Region, vertical FDI is received, and in the South Region it is horizontal FDI.

Populism and Trade Around the World

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-165
Author(s):  
Kent Jones
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
National Context ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
The World ◽  
Open Trade

This chapter uses a regression study to attempt to identify the link between populist governments and the country’s degree of trade openness, based on data from 1995 to 2018. The degree of protectionism associated with populism depends in part on its left-wing, right-wing, or anti-establishment orientation. Left-wing populist regimes tend to be more protectionist, and anti-establishment regimes more favorable to open trade, for example, but the results are often inconsistent and insignificant. Trade policy in populist regimes appears to depend in large part on the national context, export profile, and populist leader. A review of trade policy in several recent populist regimes reveals that Latin American populist governments tend to be the most protectionist. Smaller open economies, or those either participating in or seeking integration trade agreements with larger countries, tend to have more open trade policies.

An Inter-American Episode

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Pablo Neruda ◽  
Jose Marti ◽  
The South ◽  
American Reader ◽  
The North ◽  
Literary Theories ◽  
The Us

This chapter focuses on a paradigmatic misencounter between an American experiencer and a Latin American reader. Examining an implicit debate about the sources of Walt Whitman’s poetry and vision of the Americas, I argue that Waldo Frank, one of the twentieth century’s main literary ambassadors from the US to Latin America, positioned Whitman as the representative US writer whose antibookish experiential aesthetics could serve as a model for “American” writers both in the North and in the South. I show how Frank’s framework provided a foil for Borges’s idiosyncratic view that Whitman’s poetry about America derived entirely from his readings of European and US writers. Although much of the best scholarship on Whitman’s reception in Latin America has concentrated on poets like José Martí and Pablo Neruda, who adapted Whitman’s naturalism, I contend that Borges’s iconoclastic portrait of Whitman as a reader profoundly influenced a range of anti-experiential literary theories and practices in Latin America.

Making Sense of U.S. Trade Policy: What Recent Negotiations Can Tell Us

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 378-380
Author(s):  
Inu Manak
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The North ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
The U.S

U.S. trade policy is not what it used to be. Since the U.S. withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership in January 2017, Indo-Pacific trade relations have been in constant flux. It is not clear where U.S. trade policy will end up, particularly with regard to its relationship with China. However, the conclusion of two renegotiations of previous U.S. trade agreements can tell us generally about the new U.S. approach and what this means for our trading partners. I will discuss developments from the renegotiation of the Korea-U.S. free trade agreement (KORUS) and the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) as a replacement for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).

The Impact of Free Trade Agreements on Internet Intermediary Liability in Latin America

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-189
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Lara Gálvez ◽  
Alan M. Sears
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
The United States ◽  
The North ◽  
Intermediary Liability ◽  
The Impact

This chapter discusses the impact of free trade agreements (FTAs) on intermediary liability in Latin America, with special emphasis on the Digital Millennium Copyright Act’s (DMCA) provisions that have been included into every bilateral FTA the United States has entered into since 2002, thus promoting their inclusion in the national law of other countries. However, these provisions are controversial, and whether they drive the internet economy or create a more restrictive online space is a matter of debate. This chapter analyses the impact of such provisions in Latin American countries and the state of their implementation in national jurisdictions. In particular, this chapter reviews implementation and proposed implementation of the DMCA model in Chile, Costa Rica and other CAFTA bloc countries, Colombia, and Peru. It also discusses the failure of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement to create new intermediary liability rules and how the same language was ultimately included in the revision of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which became the US–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA).

British Sympathy for the South during the American Civil War and Reconstruction

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-219
Author(s):  
Michael J. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
American Civil War ◽  
The South ◽  
Religious Conviction ◽  
Religious Dimension ◽  
The North ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Cultural Affinity ◽  
American Union ◽  
The Church

This article focuses on some of the religious factors that shaped the pro-Southern lobby in Britain during the American Civil War and Reconstruction. British opinion cannot be explained only in terms of class and party. In exploring other determinants, the ideas and activities of wealthy High Churchman and Conservative politician Beresford Hope offer promising avenues of inquiry, for Hope saw in the American Union, and Southern secession, a religious dimension, represented most clearly in the Episcopal Church. To the more familiar (to historians) reasons why the South gained support in Britain—relating to economic and political interests—Hope added a deeper commitment arising from a sense of cultural affinity (the “Englishness” of the South) and from religious conviction (to him the Church, and indeed Christianity, seemed stronger in the South than in the North). This indicates a belief that Britain and the South were bound together by common Christian civilization.

Equality Deferred, 1870–1900

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-116
Author(s):  
Donald G. Nieman
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Caste System ◽  
Divided Government ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
System P ◽  
Black Resistance

This chapter argues that the revolutionary changes brought to the South by Reconstruction and black empowerment generated a sustained and violent reaction from southern whites that, by 1900, was successful in restoring white dominance because of restrictive Supreme Court decisions, congressional inaction, and waning public support for civil rights among white northerners. Republicans remained committed to civil rights and deployed federal power to break the Ku Klux Klan in the 1870s, but white southern persistence and divided government in the late 1870s and 1880s compromised this effort. In the 1890s, white Democrats, in control of state and most local governments in the South and fearful of continued black resistance, enacted measures to disfranchise African Americans and impose segregation. Although African Americans continued to resist and enjoyed some successes in the North, by 1900, southern whites had created a repressive racial caste system.

scholarly journals From the South to the North: The circulation of Latin American dependency theories in the Federal Republic of Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-40
Author(s):  
Clara I Ruvituso
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
The South ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
The North ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Circulation Of Knowledge

Sociological research into the transregional North–South circulation of knowledge in the social sciences and humanities has tended to have a unidirectional bias to date. The standard assumption is that as a result of globalization, theories and methods are spread from the global North to the global South. Based on this premise, many of the studies of circulation focus on the transfer of knowledge in terms of ideas, traditions, authors and concepts from the North to the South. Thus far, little attention has been paid to the transregional circulation of theoretical approaches from the South to the North and their impact on the transformation of the European social sciences and humanities. Analysing the circulation of the Latin American dependency theories in the Federal Republic of Germany, this article addresses precisely this gap. The focus is on processes of institutional consolidation of area studies, North–South mobility, the translation-process into German, application in empirical research, modification and rejection. Focusing on this little-explored orientation regarding the circulation of knowledge, this article is in keeping with the current attempt to analyse transregional entanglements within European social sciences.

scholarly journals O pensamento liminar como uma resposta à colonialidade do poder em La mano en la tierra, de Josefina Plá

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Leoné Astride Barzotto
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Latin American Literature ◽  
The South ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The North ◽  
Post Colonialism ◽  
Border Thinking

Resumo: Este artigo tem a intenção de fazer um estudo da literatura latino-americana pela perspectiva pós-colonial como representação de uma dada realidade, para demonstrar que o conceito de “Pensamento Liminar” (MIGNOLO, 2003) é uma resposta potencial do Hemisfério Sul às novas investidas de domínio percebidas pela descrição do conceito de “Colonialidade do Poder” (QUIJANO, 2005), advindas do Hemisfério Norte. Neste contexto, analisarei ambos os conceitos e as estratégias pós-coloniais pertinentes à esta análise, adentrando o conto La mano en la tierra (2002), da escritora Josefina Plá, a fim de averiguar o papel da mulher local, neste caso Ursula, uma indígena Guarani paraguaia, e sua relevância na narrativa e nas questões de gênero que implicam parcela deste estudo.Palavras-chave: pensamento liminar; colonialidade do poder; pós-colonialismo; literatura latino-americana; gênero.Abstract: This paper aims to develop a study on the Latin American Literature through the post-colonial perspective as a representation of a certain reality, to demonstrate that the concept of “Border Thinking” (MIGNOLO, 2003) is a potential answer from the South Hemisphere towards the new control quests which are perceived through the concept of “Coloniality of Power” (QUIJANO, 2005), from the North Hemisphere. Within this context, I will analyze both concepts and also the post-colonial strategies that connect to it, investing in the short story La mano en la tierra (2002), written by Josefina Plá, to investigate the role of the local woman, in this case Ursula, a Guarani indigenous lady from Paraguay, and her relevance in the narrative as well as in the gender debate which implies part of this study.Keywords: border thinking; coloniality of power; post colonialism; Latin American literature; gender.

The geopolitics of research in teaching and learning in the university in Latin America

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Guzmán-Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
The South ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
The North ◽  
Research On Teaching ◽  
To Come ◽  
The University

Over recent decades, research and scholarship on teaching and learning in higher education have focused on (i) how to promote student learning in tertiary education through good teaching practices and (ii) on teaching and learning as an area of study of its own. However, there is a meta-component that needs to come into play: (iii) the geopolitics (de Sousa Santos 2014; Connell 2007) in which teaching and learning processes take place. In this paper, I take up this last aspect and offer a perspective on teaching and learning as geographically located in particular countries, focusing especially on the South and especially on Latin America. A search was conducted of papers on teaching and learning that were included in the Web of Science database, and produced by authors in Latin American universities, between 2000 and 2015. The findings show that the scholarly research on teaching and learning in mainstream journals is dynamic and growing in the region. However, it also shows that most of the academic productivity in the area draws on theories produced in the North and lacks a geopolitical perspective. These findings help to illuminate the challenges faced by researchers on teaching and learning in Latin America, and prompt reflection as to how to make more visible the knowledge produced in the South.   How to cite this article: GUZMÁN-VALENZUELA, Carolina. The geopolitics of research in teaching and learning in the university in Latin America. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South, [S.l.], v. 1, n. 1, p. 4-18, sep. 2017. Available at: <http://sotl-south-journal.net/?journal=sotls&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=10>. Date accessed: 12 sep. 2017.   This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document