Inter-Temporal Choice and Its Relevance in Consumer's Credit Behavior

2017 ◽  
pp. 17-38
Author(s):  
Shruti Surachita
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Time Discounting ◽  
Time Inconsistent ◽  
Commitment Devices ◽  
Economic Studies

Inter-temporal choices have been an important aspect of Behavioral Economics, as they deal with time-dependent decision-making of people in various situations. This chapter discusses hyperbolic time-discounting, which has gained significant recognition and has become an important part of public-policy and economic studies in last few years. It also highlights the importance of this concept from a real-life perspective, by showing its relevance in credit-behavior of individuals. This is shown by highlighting the unstable preferences of individuals using credit-cards, which exploit time-inconsistent behavior. Despite the paucity of current research, understanding impulsive-behavior has gained popularity recently because of the relevance of wellbeing and happiness in the global scenario. As is evident, credit debt does hamper people's quality of life, and so it becomes important for researchers and policymakers to reduce impulsivity and self-control issues, by making consumers use costly commitment-devices and other behavioral options to help them make rational and justified choices.

Long-Term Effectiveness of Fingolimod for Multiple Sclerosis in a Real-World Clinical Setting

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Cihat Uzunköprü ◽  
Yesim Beckmann ◽  
Sabiha Türe
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of fingolimod in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS); secondary aims were to describe the safety of fingolimod with the evaluation of treatment satisfaction and impact on the quality of life in real life. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We collected clinical, demographical, neuroradiological, and treatment data, including pre- and posttreatment status health-related quality of life from 286 MS patients consecutively treated with fingolimod. Clinical assessment was based on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and quality of life assessment was performed with MS-related quality of life inventory (MSQOLI). The data were recorded at baseline and every 6 months for 2 years. <b><i>Results:</i></b> One hundred and fourteen males and 172 females were enrolled. The annualized relapse rate and EDSS showed a statistically significant reduction during the observation period (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). The patients also demonstrated substantial improvements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). Health-related quality of life scores improved significantly between baseline and 24-month visit (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). No serious adverse events occurred. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In our cohort, fingolimod treatment was associated with reduced relapse, MRI activity, and improved EDSS and MSQOLI scores. Additionally, fingolimod has been able to maintain its effectiveness over a considerable long period of treatment.

CLINICAL AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF DONEPEZIL, RIVASTIGMINE, AND GALANTAMINE FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Clegg ◽  
Jackie Bryant ◽  
Tricia Nicholson ◽  
Linda McIntyre ◽  
Sofie De Broe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health Cognition ◽  
Economic Studies

Objectives: Systematic review of the clinical and cost-effectiveness of donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine for people suffering from Alzheimer's disease.Methods: Sixteen electronic databases (including MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and Embase) and bibliographies of related papers were searched for published/unpublished English language studies, and experts and pharmaceutical companies were consulted for additional information. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and economic studies were selected. Clinical effectiveness was assessed on measurement scales assessing progression of Alzheimer's disease on the person's global health, cognition, functional ability, behavior and mood, and quality of life. Cost-effectiveness was presented as incremental cost per year spent in a nonsevere state (by Mini Mental Health State Examination) or quality-adjusted life-year.Results: Twelve of 15 RCTs included were judged to be of good quality. Although donepezil had beneficial effects in Alzheimer's patients on global health and cognition, rivastigmine on global health, and galantamine on global health, cognition, and functional scales, these improvements were small and may not be clinically significant. Measures of quality of life and behavior and mood were rarely assessed. Adverse effects were usually mild and transient. Cost-effectiveness base case estimates ranged from £2,415 savings to £49,476 additional cost (1997 prices) per unit of effect for donepezil and a small savings for rivastigmine. Estimates were not considered robust or generalizable.Conclusions: Donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine appear to have some clinical effect for people with Alzheimer's disease, although the extent to which these translate into real differences in everyday life remains unclear. Due to the nature of current economic studies, cost-effectiveness remains uncertain and the impact on different care sectors has been inadequately investigated. Further research is needed to establish the actual benefits of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEls) for people with Alzheimer's disease and their caregivers, the relationship of these changes to clinical management, and careful prospective evaluation of resource and budgetary consequences.

scholarly journals MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Aging and anti-aging: a Combo-Endocrinology overview

2017 ◽  
Vol 176 (6) ◽  
pp. R283-R308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis ◽  
Maurizio Dattilo ◽  
Djuro Macut ◽  
Leonidas Duntas ◽  
Efstathios S Gonos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Scientific Society ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Environmental Stimuli

Aging and its underlying pathophysiological background has always attracted the attention of the scientific society. Defined as the gradual, time-dependent, heterogeneous decline of physiological functions, aging is orchestrated by a plethora of molecular mechanisms, which vividly interact to alter body homeostasis. The ability of an organism to adjust to these alterations, in conjunction with the dynamic effect of various environmental stimuli across lifespan, promotes longevity, frailty or disease. Endocrine function undergoes major changes during aging, as well. Specifically, alterations in hormonal networks and concomitant hormonal deficits/excess, augmented by poor sensitivity of tissues to their action, take place. As hypothalamic–pituitary unit is the central regulator of crucial body functions, these alterations can be translated in significant clinical sequelae that can impair the quality of life and promote frailty and disease. Delineating the hormonal signaling alterations that occur across lifespan and exploring possible remedial interventions could possibly help us improve the quality of life of the elderly and promote longevity.

scholarly journals Patient-Reported Outcomes, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Clinical Outcomes for Urothelial Cancer Patients Receiving Chemo- or Immunotherapy: A Real-Life Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1852
Author(s):  
Gry Assam Taarnhøj ◽  
Henriette Lindberg ◽  
Christoffer Johansen ◽  
Helle Pappot
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Neoadjuvant Treatment ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Oncological Treatment ◽  
Patient Reported

Patients with urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) often have comorbidities, which cause trouble for the completion of oncological treatment, and little is known about their quality of life (QoL). The aim of the present study was to obtain and describe patient-reported outcomes (PRO) and QoL data from UCC patients in the treatment for locally advanced muscle-invasive or metastatic UCC. A total of 79 patients with UCC completed four questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30, QLQ-BLM30, HADS, and select PRO-CTCAE™ questions) once weekly during their treatment. From those, 26 patients (33%) underwent neoadjuvant treatment for local disease while 53 patients (67%) were treated for metastatic disease. Of all patients, 54% did not complete the planned treatment due to progression, nephrotoxicity, death, or intolerable symptoms during treatment. The five most prevalent PRO-CTCAE grade ≥ 2 symptoms were frequent urination (37%), fatigue (35%), pain (31%), dry mouth (23%), and swelling of the arms or legs (23%). The baseline mean overall QoL was 61 (±SD 24) for all patients (neoadjuvant (73, ±SD 19) and metastatic (54, ±SD 24)) and remained stable over the course of treatment for both groups. A stable overall QoL was observed for the patients in this study. More than half of the patients did not, however, complete the planned treatment. Further supportive care is warranted for bladder cancer patients.

Abstract 15830: Elevated Resting Heart Rate is Associated With Impaired Quality of Life and Worse NYHA Functional Capacity in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: Results From REALITY HF Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuksel Cavusoglu ◽  
Omer Kozan ◽  
Ahmet Temizhan ◽  
Serdar Kucukoglu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Summary Score ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Resting Heart Rate

Purpose: Resting heart rate (HR), health related quality of life (HQoL) and NYHA functional capacity are referred as important determinants of prognosis and targets of therapy in heart failure (HF). REALITY HF (Resting Heart Rate and Real Life Treatment Modality in Outpatients with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction) study data were analyzed for the evaluation of any relationship of resting HR with HQoL assessed by Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) and NYHA functional class. Methods: REALITY HF was a multicenter, prospective registry designed to evaluate HF patients’ characteristics and effects of treatment modalities on resting HR and enrolled 1057 patients (age 61±12 years) with LVEF <40%. 781 (74%) patients in sinus rhythm were included in this analysis. Patients were classified into 4 groups according to the quartiles of HR: Q1:<68 bpm (n=234), Q2:69-75 bpm (n=189), Q3:76-87 bpm (n=194) and Q4:>87 bpm (n=164). KCCQ was completed in a random sample of 320 (Q1:n=27, Q2:n=99, Q3:n=125, Q4:n=69) patients, in which higher scores show better patient’s health status. Results: During enrollment, 82% of patients were receiving ≥2 drugs including ACE[[Unable to Display Character: &#304;]]/ARB, beta blocker, aldosterone blocker, diuretic or digoxin. Resting HR was 76±14 bpm and 68% of patients had a resting HR ≥70 bpm. KCCQ overall summary score (OSC) was found to be 75.7±13.2 in those in Q1, 65.5±20.8 in Q2, 64.4±20.6 in Q3 and 58.3±21.2 in Q4 (p=0.004) and KCCQ clinical summary score (CSS) was 80.4±15.7 in those in Q1, 70.0±22.4 in Q2, 69.9±21.9 in Q3 and 63.8±23.3 in Q4 (p=0.016). Also, there was a significant negative correlation between resting HR and OSC (p=0.008) or CSS (p=0.031). The distribution of NYHA-I patients for Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 were 40.7%, 22.8%, 23.8% and 12.7%, NYHA-II patients-30.8%, 23.1%, 27.2% and 18.9%, NYHA-III patients-21.2%, 23.9%, 24.3% and 30.6% and NYHA-IV patients-22.7%, 34.1%, 22.7% and 20.5%, respectively (p<0.001). Also, resting HR were found to gradually and significantly increase across NYHA categories (72.8±12 bpm in NYHA-I, 76.1±13 bpm in NYHA-II, 80.2±15 bpm in NYHA-III and 78.9±16 bpm in NYHA-IV, p<0.001). Conclusions: These results suggest that elevated resting HR in HF patients is associated with impaired HQoL and worse NYHA functional capacity.

scholarly journals Efficacy of adalimumab in moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa: Real life data

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aikaterini Kyriakou ◽  
Anastasia Trigoni ◽  
Nikiforos Galanis ◽  
Dimitrios Sotiriadis ◽  
Aikaterini Patsatsi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hidradenitis Suppurativa ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Global Assessment Scale ◽  
Friedman's Test ◽  
Adalimumab Treatment

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a relapsing, inflammatory disease characterized by painful nodules, abscesses, sinuses track formation and scarring. HS has a great impact on patients’ quality of life and its treatment may be really challenging. Adalimumab provides a new therapeutic option for HS. Our aim was to assess the therapeutic potential of adalimumab on patients with HS based on the data from the daily clinical practice of an HS Outpatient Clinic. 19 patients with clinically evident moderate to severe HS, under adalimumab treatment for at least 24 week, participated in this observational, retrospective study. The Hidradenitis Suppurativa Physician’s Global Assessment scale, Modified Santorius scale and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) at baseline, week 4, week 12 and week 24 were retrieved from the records. Both Modified Santorius score and DLQI were significantly decreased during the weeks of evaluation (Friedman’s test; P < 0.001). The proportion of patients who achieved clinical response was 10.5% (n = 2) at week 4, 42.1% (n = 8) at week 12 and 63.2% (n = 12) at week 24. Treatment with adalimumab was linked with both clinical remission of HS and improvement of patients’ quality of life.

scholarly journals Real-Life Indications of Interleukin-1 Blocking Agents in Hereditary Recurrent Fevers: Data From the JIRcohort and a Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Vinit ◽  
Sophie Georgin-Lavialle ◽  
Aikaterini Theodoropoulou ◽  
Catherine Barbier ◽  
Alexandre Belot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Treat To Target ◽  
Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency ◽  
Combining Data

BackgroundInterleukin (IL)-1 inhibitors represent the main treatment in patients with colchicine-resistant/intolerant familial Mediterranean fever (crFMF), mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD), and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS). However, the reasons for the use of IL-1 inhibitors in these diseases are still not completely clarified.ObjectiveIdentify real-life situations that led to initiating anakinra or canakinumab treatment in hereditary recurrent fevers (HRFs), combining data from an international registry and an up-to-date literature review.Patients and MethodsData were extracted from the JIRcohort, in which clinical information (demographic data, treatment, disease activity, and quality of life) on patients with FMF, MKD, and TRAPS was retrospectively collected. A literature search was conducted using Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases.ResultsComplete data of 93 patients with HRF (53.8% FMF, 31.2% MKD, and 15.1% TRAPS) were analyzed. Data from both the registry and the literature review confirmed that the main reasons for use of IL-1 blockers were the following: failure of previous treatment (n = 57, 61.3% and n = 964, 75.3%, respectively), persistence of disease activity with frequent attacks (n = 44, 47.3% and n = 1,023, 79.9%) and/or uncontrolled inflammatory syndrome (n = 46, 49.5% and n = 398, 31.1%), severe disease complication or associated comorbidities (n = 38, 40.9% and n = 390, 30.4%), and worsening of patients’ quality of life (n = 36, 38.7% and n = 100, 7,8%). No reasons were specified for 12 (16.4%) JIRcohort patients and 154 (12%) patients in the literature.ConclusionIn the absence of standardized indications for IL-1 inhibitors in crFMF, MKD, and TRAPS, these results could serve as a basis for developing a treat-to-target strategy that would help clinicians codify the therapeutic escalation with IL-1 inhibitors.

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