Pro-Social Behaviour and Philanthropy in Conflict and Post-Conflict Contexts

2018 ◽  
pp. 122-133
Author(s):  
Shaza Aldairany ◽  
Rosmini Omar
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Direct Violence ◽  
Responsible Manner

Pro-social behaviour and philanthropy are critical traits to act in a responsible manner towards society and environment through providing money, time and efforts. Most studies have focused on stable locations. However, conflict may still appear as potential places for such behaviour. This chapter raises three major inquiries: Do individuals and corporates perform pro-social behaviour in conflict context? If so, how do they perform such behaviour? How does literature approach specifically consumer pro-social behaviour in conflict and post-conflict locations. This chapter tries to conceptually review recent literature of pro-social practices in conflict contexts. The chapter reveals that no absolute positive impact relating to violence and conflict on pro-social behaviour. The majority of evidence supports the idea that pro-sociality increases during times of war. People exposed to direct violence may participate more in social activities, with early development of environmental and consumer issues. Moreover, entrepreneurship is found to have similar implications on the war-torn society.

scholarly journals The post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina: Social capital and pro-social behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-81
Author(s):  
Adnan Efendic
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Formal Employment ◽  
Post War ◽  
Social Behaviours

AbstractThis paper investigates how social capital contributes to the pro-social behaviour of individuals in a post-conflict environment. I simultaneously investigate the pro-social behaviours in the periods of crisis (floods) and normality and observe whether (structural and relational) social capital has important influences in these two different times. The main novelty of this approach is that I model individuals' pro-social behaviours jointly for both the periods in focus and treat them as systematic outcomes of observed and unobserved (endogenous) influences. I find that more pro-social activities in the normal times are positively associated with such activities in the crisis period. Additionally, the results reveal the importance of (structural) social capital on pro-social behaviour – namely, group membership, size and ethnic structure of individual networks matter. Of particular interest for this post-conflict society and related literature is that greater ethnic diversity of individual networks is supportive for pro-social engagement of citizens. Finally, among the observed economic influences, I find that the respondents working in the informal economy report more pro-social activities while formal employment works more as financial intermediary for these engagements.

Insecurity or Perception of Insecurity? Urban Crime and Dissatisfaction with Life: Evidence from the Case of Bogotá

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Romero
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Urban Crime ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Murder Rate ◽  
Life Dissatisfaction

AbstractIn recent literature, life satisfaction and welfare have been extensively studied. However, limited attention has been given to the effect that crime may have over these variables. Using the case of Bogotá this paper shows that urban crime rates, specially murder rate, have a positive impact on individuals’ life dissatisfaction. This effect seems to be mediated by the general perception of insecurity and not by the households’ victimization. In particular the perception of insecurity has a great impact on the unhappiness of those households that changed their perceptions because of the criminal activity. The conclusion of this paper is that it is necessary not only to reduce the crime rates, but also to generate good security perceptions.

Social acceptance of children with mental retardation: Testing the contact hypothesis with an Italian sample

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Manetti ◽  
Barry H. Schneider ◽  
Gary Siperstein
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Regular Contact ◽  
Regular Classes ◽  
Italian Sample

The purpose of this study was to explore the acceptance of peers with mental retardation (MR) in an Italian elementary school hosting a cluster of pupils with severe and profound MR. A similar school in which most pupils have little regular contact with children with disabilities participated for purposes of comparison. To assess social acceptance, we presented photographs of hypothetical children together with vignettes describing the protagonists’ social behaviour. Respondents indicated how likely they would be to include the hypothetical child in social activities and which of the adjectives on a checklist they would ascribe to the child. Although most of the participants responded that they would include the hypothetical child in most social activities, sociometrics revealed that ” ve of the six children with moderate disabilities who were integrated in the regular classes of both schools were rejected socially.

scholarly journals Sense of Ownership Realization in Social Practices: Prospects for Research and Practical Application

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Sense Of Ownership ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the directions of further research development on the implementation of a sense of ownership in various spheres of life and social practices of an individual. It is shown that in addition to the positive impact, the feeling of ownership has its negative side. This raises the question of formation optimal level and manifestation of ownership, what negative and positive consequences an excessive manifestation of ownership can have, what a violation or immaturity of ownership can lead to. It is determined that most research on the psychological nature of property focuses on its individual manifestation. However, it requires a detailed study, including the empirical, how the collective sense of ownership differs from individual and collective and whether it contributes to the effectiveness of collective action. The issue of the impact of new forms of consumption on the living sense of ownership and the attentiveness of intangible property, especially in the conditions of virtual reality, is raised separately. Prospects for further scientific research and possible areas of practical application of the developed author's concept of an ownership sense realization in social practices are outlined. Based on a critical analysis of existing empirical research and reflective consideration, the following areas of further research are proposed: manifestation of material things ownership, territory, money, social relations, own body, virtual environment, civic sphere, as well as opportunities to use the data in both individual and group psychotherapeutic work, counseling and coaching. The necessity of introducing a scientifically substantiated concept into the daily practice of psychologists-practitioners is substantiated.

scholarly journals Dampak COVID-19 terhadap Aktivitas Sosial Masyarakat Di Kota Lubuklinggau

Syntax Idea ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Ramelia Dwi Anisa ◽  
Rusdinal Rusdinal ◽  
Firman Firman
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Impact

Coronavirus Diseases (Covid-19) is one of the many viruses that can attack humans, ranging from those without symptoms, with mild symptoms to severe symptoms. What is known is that the incubation period for Covid-19 in the human body ranges from 5-6 days and the longest incubation period is 14 days. In the current Covid-19 era, there are a lot of social activities in society that are not disturbed and cannot even be done to anticipate the spread of Covid-19 in their neighborhood. There are also community activities that have undergone changes and concerts must be carried out as a result of Covid-19. The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of Covid-19 on the social activities of the people of Lubuklinggau City. This research uses descriptive field research with qualitative research methods. The data techniques used in this study were observation, documentation and interviews and used descriptive analysis methods as data analysis techniques. The results obtained from the impact are anything that arises as a result of changes that occur in people's lives and can produce a change with a positive impact and a negative impact on the survival of the community. The results obtained in conducting research related to the impact of Covid-19 on community activities, the authors found that there are impacts that arise as a result of the existence of Covid-19, both positive and negative impacts that appear in the midst of society today

GESELL TESTS ON AFRICAN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1055-1065
Author(s):  
Marcelle Geber ◽  
R. F. A. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
The Third ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
African Children ◽  
European Standards

The results of a series of Gesell tests on African infants and children are presented. The most remarkable finding was the precocity of the younger infants. The motor development was greatly in advance of that of European infants of the same age, but was not an isolated phenomenon; it was paralleled by advanced adaptivity, language and personal-social behaviour. The precocity was usually lost in the third year, but was retained by some children who had the advantages of a kinderganten. The results of the Gesell tests were confirmed by a study of newborn African infants, whose state of development was also precocious by European standards. The findings are discussed in relation to some details of the African environment, and especially to some local customs which may affect early development. Emphasis is placed on the potential value of finding means by which the early precocity could be maintained.

Development of Efficiency in Visual Functioning: A Literature Analysis

1977 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 387-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie C. Barraga ◽  
Marcia Collins ◽  
James Hollis
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Visual Development ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Impaired Vision ◽  
Visual Functions ◽  
Visual Functioning ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Analysis of recent literature covering visual experiments with infants and young children documents a progression of visual functions in early development. Summaries of studies of individuals with seriously impaired vision suggest that principles which apply to visual development are as valid when the system is impaired as when there is no impairment.

Leadership Styles and Small Enterprises’ Performance: Is Gender an Issue? Empirical Study from Democratic Republic of Congo

2021 ◽  
pp. 239395752110443
Author(s):  
Deogratias Bugandwa Mungu Akonkwa ◽  
Elie Lunanga ◽  
Joseph Bahati Mukulu ◽  
Toussaint Ciza Bugandwa ◽  
Elizabeth Furaha Mwaza
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Moderator Variable ◽  
Democratic Leadership ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Autocratic Leadership

In this paper, we provide new empirical evidence to the relationships between leadership styles (LS) and organizational performance, introducing gender as moderator variable. Data have been collected in two Congolese towns (Bukavu and Goma); an African post-conflict region dominated by very small family businesses that have not received enough attention. Combining exploratory factor analysis with a multivariate regression we found three main results. First, both leadership and performance are confirmed to be multidimensional. LS comprised participative/democratic leadership, and autocratic/directive leadership, while performance has three dimensions: employee efficiency/productivity, effectiveness, and customer satisfaction/retention. Second, the autocratic leadership is the more adopted both by men and women, with a slight non-significant difference for men. Although democratic leadership is underscored, it appears to be more adopted by women with significant difference. Third, controlling for other variables, only participative/democratic leadership styles have positive impact on SMEs’ performance, while autocratic leadership does not influence it. This implies that, in the growing competition facing SMEs, managers should adopt leadership style that allows their employees to internalize the firm’s objectives and to be committed. Also, our research confirms that women have much to give in managing enterprises, as they appear to be stronger in leadership styles, which have more impact on main dimensions of firms’ performance. Moreover, our results suggest new avenues for deeper research about leadership styles in family-owned enterprises.

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