Automation of Marginal Grass Harvesting

2019 ◽  
pp. 106-146
Author(s):  
Paulo Peças ◽  
Gonçalo Manuel Fonseca ◽  
Inês Inês Ribeiro ◽  
Claus Grøn Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Materials Used

In the European Union (EU), the use of fossil fuels brings several disadvantages, as they are the main culprits responsible for pollutants and GHG emissions. The increasing demand for sustainable fuels leads to the research of alternative technologies, such as biogas production from lignocellulosic materials. Therefore, the acquisition of biomass from marginal areas under Danish conditions has been evaluated in terms of alternative harvesting equipment: an automated robot (Grassbot) versus a regular tractor for key grass materials used for biogas plants (chopped, unchopped, and baled grass) and compared regarding operational, economical, and environmental performances. The evaluation uses two operations models (IRIS and DRIFT) to consider the field characteristics, machinery characteristics, etc. Selected results show that in terms of fuel consumption, chopping, and mowing are the most demanding operations, and that there is no significant difference between the harvesting equipment regarding CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals Biogas from Anaerobic Digestion as an Energy Vector: Current Upgrading Development

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2742
Author(s):  
Raquel Iglesias ◽  
Raúl Muñoz ◽  
María Polanco ◽  
Israel Díaz ◽  
Ana Susmozas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Vector Current ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Materials Used

The present work reviews the role of biogas as advanced biofuel in the renewable energy system, summarizing the main raw materials used for biogas production and the most common technologies for biogas upgrading and delving into emerging biological methanation processes. In addition, it provides a description of current European legislative framework and the potential biomethane business models as well as the main biogas production issues to be addressed to fully deploy these upgrading technologies. Biomethane could be competitive due to negative or zero waste feedstock prices, and competitive to fossil fuels in the transport sector and power generation if upgrading technologies become cheaper and environmentally sustainable.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Eco-Efficiency of Two Alternative Agricultural Biogas Plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Muradin ◽  
Katarzyna Joachimiak-Lechman ◽  
Zenon Foltynowicz
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Biogas Plants

Implementation of the circular economy is one of the priorities of the European Union, and energy efficiency is one of its pillars. This article discusses an effective use of agri-food industry waste for the purposes of waste-to-energy in biogas plants. Its basic objective is the comparative assessment of the eco-efficiency of biogas production depending on the type of feedstock used, its transport and possibility to use generated heat. The environmental impact of the analysed installations was assessed with the application of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. Cost calculation was performed using the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) method. The LCA analysis indicated that a biogas plant with a lower level of waste heat use where substrates were delivered by wheeled transport has a negative impact on the environment. The structure of distributed energy production cost indicates a substantial share of feedstock supply costs in the total value of the LCOE ratio. Thus, the factor affecting the achievement of high eco-efficiency is the location of a biogas plant in the vicinity of an agri-food processing plant, from which the basic feedstock for biogas production is supplied with the transmission pipeline, whereas heat is transferred for the needs of production processes in a processing plant or farm.

scholarly journals Innovative Educational Program for Biogas Production Carried Out at University of Hradec Králové (CZ) and at University of Opole (PL)

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 61-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Loskot ◽  
Marek Smolík ◽  
Lidmila Hyšplerová ◽  
Karol Radocha ◽  
Jan Kříž ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Border Region ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
The University

AbstractRecently, there is a growing pressure on a rapid construction of agricultural biogas plants, particularly in the Czech-Polish border region. It is an area with large expanses of agricultural land which can serve to supply biogas plants with biomass. This strategy should contribute to harmonize the common agricultural policy of the European Union. A need for qualified operators of these stations on this territory is also increasing. Therefore we first include a demonstration of an education program for students in the field of agricultural waste anaerobic fermentation and biogas production. We present here the first part of an innovative approach which we use in the teaching program “Physico-technical Measurements and Computer Technology” at the Faculty of Science at the University of Hradec Kralove and also in the education of internshipers from the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology at the University of Opole. There are requirements to fulfil labour market expectations and to make this subject more attractive for the students. Students’ theoretical and practical preparation constitutes a comprehensive source of knowledge and skills required in a real life job. Joined theoretical and practical knowledge gained by students, reinforced by the skills developed during task analysis followed by their solution, provides the future graduate higher quality abilities and better position in the labour market.

scholarly journals Stan i perspektywy rozwoju rynku biogazu w UE i Polsce – ujęcie ekonomiczne

2017 ◽  
Vol 17(32) (2) ◽  
pp. 48-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldemar Gostomczyk
Keyword(s):  
Financial Models ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Basic Form ◽  
Sustainable Economy ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Materials Used

The agricultural biogas market differs in different European countries. Both in Europe and in Poland, the basic form is the use of biogas to generate electricity and heat. In nine EU countries, the biogas produced is also used in local gas networks and in transport, especially communal. Biogas production can be based on agricultural raw materials (Germany) or the use and processing of all agricultural, industrial and municipal waste (Denmark, Sweden). The aim of this article is to present dynamics and structure of biogas market development, raw materials used and profitability in various legal and financial models. The presented analyzes have concluded that biogas plants could be an important part of the energy market in the future, particularly at the local level and an important part of a sustainable economy.

scholarly journals The Potential of Agricultural Biogas Production in Ukraine—Impact on GHG Emissions and Energy Production

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5755
Author(s):  
Adam Wąs ◽  
Piotr Sulewski ◽  
Vitaliy Krupin ◽  
Nazariy Popadynets ◽  
Agata Malak-Rawlikowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy Production ◽  
Biogas Plants

Renewable energy production is gaining importance in the context of global climate changes. However, in some countries other aspects increasing the role of renewable energy production are also present. Such a country is Ukraine, which is not self-sufficient in energy supply and whose dependency on poorly diversified import of energy carriers regularly leads to political tensions and has socio-economic implications. Production of agricultural biogas seems to be a way to both slow down climatic changes and increase energy self-sufficiency by replacing or complementing conventional sources of energy. One of the most substantial barriers to agricultural biogas production is the low level of agricultural concentration and significant economies of scale in constructing biogas plants. The aim of the paper was thus to assess the potential of agricultural biogas production in Ukraine, including its impact on energy self-sufficiency, mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the economic performance of biogas plants. The results show that due to the prevailing fragmentation of farms, most manure cannot be processed in an economically viable way. However, in some regions utilization of technically available manure for agricultural biogas production could cover up to 11% of natural gas or up to 19% of electricity demand. While the theoretical potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions could reach 5% to 6.14%, the achievable technical potential varies between 2.3% and 2.8% of total emissions. The economic performance of agricultural biogas plants correlates closely with their size and bioenergy generation potential.

scholarly journals Commercial Biogas Plants: Lessons for Ukraine

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerii Havrysh ◽  
Antonina Kalinichenko ◽  
Grzegorz Mentel ◽  
Tadeusz Olejarz
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Specific Investment ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Biomass Resources ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Biomethane Production

Ukraine has enough biomass resources for biogas production. However, this energy potential is not used sufficiently. This research is aimed at examining the current experience of commercial biogas systems in the Europe Union and its adaptation for Ukraine. Special attention was paid to economic indicators, such as specific investment costs, production costs (biogas, biomethane, and electricity), and incentives. Using statistical data for the European Union and Ukraine, the biogas potential for Ukraine (based on European experience) was determined. The economic competitiveness of biogas production was evaluated compared to alternatives, such as photovoltaic, wind power, biomass, conventional fuels, and liquid biofuels. The results showed that biogas complexes have higher specific investment costs and produce more expensive electricity. It was highlighted that agricultural residues and industrial waste are sustainable feedstocks for biogas systems. A perspective biogas plant is a plant that is an integrated part of the circular bioeconomy that is based on organic residues. Biomethane production (as a substitution for vehicle fuel) combined with capture and utilization of carbon dioxide is a more profitable pathway. Awareness and perception of the importance of biogas are key factors for the development of the biogas industry. To develop an effective strategy for the biogas industry, it is necessary to create a positive image in order to raise awareness and knowledge of biogas technologies.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Relationship of the Degree of Aviation Sector Development with Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Measures of Economic Development in the European Union Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3801
Author(s):  
Piotr Niedzielski ◽  
Magdalena Zioło ◽  
Jarosław Kozuba ◽  
Ewa Kuzionko-Ochrymiuk ◽  
Natalia Drop
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Linear Ordering ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Topsis Technique ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The rapid growth of aviation over the past fifty years has resulted in numerous negative environmental impacts due to the combustion of fossil fuels in aircraft engines. This paper presents the relationship between air transport and GHG emissions. Based on data on the development of aviation, the level of GHG emissions from transport, environmental tax revenues and the amount of GDP per capita in the countries of the European Union, an attempt was made to create a typification that would illustrate the interaction of GHG emissions with air transport, environmental taxes and GDP in the years 2009–2018. The next step to confirm the obtained results was the application of statistical methods: the TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method of linear ordering and the Perkal index. Based on the study findings, the analyzed countries were divided into three groups: the group of innovators, the stable group and the group of students. The analysis revealed the relationship of all three analyzed variables with air transport. The development of the aviation sector leads to a significant increase in GHG emissions from transport, increased revenues from environmental taxes and acceleration of the rate of economic growth of a country.

scholarly journals Potential Energy Production from Citrus Pulp and Olive Pomace: A Case Study in a Region of Mediterranean Basin

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Valenti ◽  
Simona M.C. Porto ◽  
Paolo Lanteri ◽  
Claudia Arcidiacono
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Citrus Pulp ◽  
Biomass Resources ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Olive Cultivation ◽  
Suitable Area ◽  
By Products

The necessity to investigate suitable alternatives to conventional fossil fuels has developed the interests in many renewable energy alternatives, especially biomass resources which are widely available and allow to reach both environmental and socio-economic improvements. Among the bioenergy solutions the anaerobic digestion technology makes it possible to produce biogas by reusing and valorising agricultural residues and by-products. In Southern Italy, to date, the development of biogas sector is still very limited, despite the importance of the agricultural sector, especially of citrus and olive cultivation. For this reason, in previous studies the availability of two by-products, i.e., citrus pulp and olive pomace, was analysed in order to choose the most suitable area for a sustainable development of new biogas plants according to the new Biogasdoneright concept. In this paper, after a resume of the multi-step methodology which allowed the computation of biogas production, it was demonstrated that 15.9 GWh-e electricity and 24.5 GWh-e heat per year could be generate by reusing only these two kind of by-products, and could satisfy approximate 17% of the total electricity demand of the agricultural sector (90.2 GWh-e/year) in Catania.

Energy self-reliance, net-energy production and GHG emissions in Danish organic cash crop farms

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Halberg ◽  
R. Dalgaard ◽  
J.E. Olesen ◽  
T. Dalgaard
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Cash Crop ◽  
Crop Fields

AbstractOrganic farming (OF) principles include the idea of reducing dependence of fossil fuels, but little has been achieved on this objective so far in Danish OF. Energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from an average 39 ha cash crop farm were calculated and alternative crop rotations for bio-energy production were modeled. Growing rapeseed on 10% of the land could produce bio-diesel to replace 50–60% of the tractor diesel used on the farm. Increasing grass-clover area to 20% of the land and using half of this yield for biogas production could change the cash crop farm to a net energy producer, and reduce GHG emissions while reducing the overall output of products only marginally. Increasing grass-clover area would improve the nutrient management on the farm and eliminate dependence on conventional pig slurry if the biogas residues were returned to cash crop fields.

scholarly journals Unlocking the Energy Recovery Potential from Sustainable Management of Bio-Resources Based on GIS Analysis: Case Study in Hanoi, Vietnam

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Khue Minh Dao ◽  
Helmut Yabar ◽  
Takeshi Mizunoya
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Suitability Analysis ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Biogas Plants

Pig production has greatly contributed to economic development in Vietnam. However, the lack of appropriate management of large amounts of pig manure has caused serious adverse environmental impacts including GHG emissions. To address this challenge, this study explored the potential of biogas production from manure in Hanoi. Through the use of GIS suitability analysis, cluster analysis, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique, the study first analyzed the spatial distribution of pig farms, identified optimal locations for biogas plants, and evaluated potential benefits of introducing biogas production to satisfy the electricity demand and reduce GHG emissions. The results show that it is possible to optimally install two biogas plants with a capacity of more than 1 MW and three with a capacity of more than 250 kW, meeting 1.75% and 0.76% of the electricity demand of Son Tay and Thach That respectively. The study estimated that the implementation of the three proposed scenarios would reduce GHG emissions by 84,777 tons of CO2 eq/year compared to the current situation or baseline scenario. The results open a great opportunity to address local energy security with renewable energy and reduce GHG emissions effectively.

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