Plant Lipolytic Enzymes

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Lipolytic Enzymes ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
Plant Enzymes ◽  
Lipid Phosphate ◽  
Lipid Phosphate Phosphatases ◽  
Phospholipases A

The main plant lipolytic enzymes discussed in this chapter are hydrolases that catalyze neutral lipids (non-polar lipids), that is, lipases or those hydrolyzing polar lipids, for example, phospholipases (A, C, and D) as well as those of related field like diacylglycerol kinases, lipoprotein lipases, lipid phosphate phosphatases, and lysophospholipases. This chapter provides generalities regarding some important aspects of plant lipolytic enzymes from either higher plants or algae, such as sources, reactions catalyzed, and specificities. Major issues for purification of plant enzymes with lipolytic activities are highlighted in this overview. New insights into implementation of relevant proteomic and lipidomic techniques to identify and characterize plant lipolytic enzymes with the aid of internet resources are also reviewed in this chapter.

scholarly journals Lysophosphatidic Acid-induced Mitogenesis Is Regulated by Lipid Phosphate Phosphatases and Is Edg-receptor Independent

2000 ◽  
Vol 276 (7) ◽  
pp. 4611-4621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley B. Hooks ◽  
Webster L. Santos ◽  
Dong-Soon Im ◽  
Christopher E. Heise ◽  
Timothy L. Macdonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lysophosphatidic Acid ◽  
Lipid Phosphate ◽  
Lipid Phosphate Phosphatases

scholarly journals Les lipides des différentes catégories de pépins de Cabernet Sauvignon au moment de la véraison

OENO One ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
J. J. Lavaud ◽  
Monique Cherrad
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Acides Gras ◽  
The Difference

<p style="text-align: justify;">Cinq catégories de pépins de Cabernet Sauvignon ont été séparées à la véraison. Plus de 95 p. 100 des acides gras sont contenus dans les lipides neutres. La différence de composition en acides gras des lipides polaires montre que la localisation des pépins dans une seule loge ou dans deux loges séparées a pour conséquence une modification du fonctionnement des désaturases.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">+++</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Five categories of Cabernet Sauvignon seeds were separated at the beginning of ripening. The neutral lipids contain more than 95 per cent of the fatty acids. The difference in the fatty acid content of polar lipids shows that seeds localized in just one section or in two separate sections results in a modification of the « desaturase » functioning.</p>

Lipid phosphate phosphatases and lipid phosphate signalling

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Long ◽  
S. Pyne ◽  
N.T. Ktistakis ◽  
N.J. Pyne
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Phosphate ◽  
Lipid Phosphate Phosphatases

Abstract 203: Regulation of Lipid Phosphate Phosphatase 3 in Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Hypertrophy

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mini Chandra ◽  
Jonathan Fox ◽  
Wayne Orr ◽  
Christopher Kevil ◽  
Sumitra Miriyala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy ◽  
Acute Mi ◽  
Lipid Phosphate ◽  
Lipid Phosphate Phosphatases ◽  
Old Mice

Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and sudden cardiac death. Mitochondrial respiration is a major source of ROS production and lipids regulate mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and homeostasis through effects on mitochondrial fusion and fission and on the activity of mitochondrial membrane proteins. Lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs) control the conversion of bioactive lipid phosphates to their dephosphorylated counterparts. These include phosphatidic acid (PA), and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Oxidative stress was identified to transactivate microRNA-92a, which is a negative regulator of LPP3. We found that LPP3 expression was markedly down regulated in ischemic regions after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We observed a similar trend in the myocardium from patients with acute MI at 24h. Our in vitro studies indicate that overexpression of LPP3 protects the cardiomyocyte against ROS-induced cardiac injury and reduction of LPP3 by conditional specific cardiac knockout of the LPP3 gene in mice increases cardiac dysfunction and mortality. These mice are viable and fertile but showed increased mortality ~8 months (Fig1). Blood pressure was similar in LPP3 fl/fl (96 ± 9 mmHg; n = 19) and Myh6- LPP3 Δ mice (92 ± 7 mmHg; n = 19), although heart rates were significantly higher in Myh6- LPP3 Δ 3 month old mice (642 ± 21 bpm, compared to LPP3 fl/fl with 600± 17 bpm; P<0.001). Knockdown of LPP3 enhanced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by LPA based on analysis of sarcomere organization, cell surface area, levels of fetal genes ANP and BNP, and ANF release from nuclei, which are hallmarks of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, indicating that LPP3 negatively regulates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by LPA.

Evolutionary History of Plant Lipolytic Enzymes

2018 ◽  
pp. 155-178
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Sequence Motifs ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Lipolytic Enzymes ◽  
Conserved Sequence ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
History Of ◽  
Living Organisms

The discovery of enzymes with lipolytic activities in all kingdoms of life from prokaryote to eukaryote species raises the possibility of the presence of an evolutionary relationship history of these proteins among many species of various living organisms. The chapter suggests a strategy based on the phylogenetic distribution and homology conservation in plant lipolytic enzymes for possible depiction of their biological evolution. Extensive databases and online resources for lipidomics and related areas are useful tools to analyze the different lipolytic enzymes in the three major super kingdoms of life, including higher plants kingdom and confined organisms such as algae that have recently gained much interest due to their promising potential applications in lipids hydrolysis and biosynthesis. Multiple sequence alignments of the identified lipolytic enzymes from databases could serve to the identification of globally conserved residues as well as conserved sequence motifs. Estimation of evolutionary distance between the various identified lipolytic enzymes could also be carried out to better understand the pattern of evolution.

scholarly journals Total, Neutral, and Polar Lipids of Brewing Ingredients, By-Products and Beer: Evaluation of Antithrombotic Activities

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronan Lordan ◽  
Eoin O’Keeffe ◽  
Alexandros Tsoupras ◽  
Ioannis Zabetakis
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Polar Lipid ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Lipid Fatty Acid ◽  
By Products

The in vitro antithrombotic properties of polar lipid constituents of malted grain (MG), pelleted hops (PH), brewer’s spent grain (BSG), spent hops (SH), wort, and bottled beer from the same production line were assessed in human platelets. The total lipids (TL) were extracted according to the Bligh and Dyer method and further separated into the total neutral lipids (TNL) and total polar lipids (TPL) extracts by counter-current distribution. The TL, TNL, and TPL extracts of all samples were assessed for their ability to inhibit platelet-activating factor (PAF) and thrombin-induced human platelet aggregation. The raw materials, by-products, wort, and beer lipid extracts all exhibited antithrombotic properties against PAF and thrombin. However, the beer TPL exhibited the lowest IC50 values against PAF-induced (7.8 ± 3.9 µg) and thrombin-induced (4.3 ± 3.0 µg) platelet aggregation indicating that these polar lipids were the most antithrombotic. The lipid extracts tended to be more bioactive against the thrombin pathway. The fatty acid content of all the TPL extracts were assessed using GC-MS. The fatty acid composition of the most bioactive TPL extracts, the wort and the beer, shared similar fatty acid profiles. Indeed, it was noted that fermentation seems to play a role in increasing the antithrombotic properties of polar lipids against PAF and thrombin by moderately altering the polar lipid fatty acid composition. Furthermore, the use of brewing by-products as a source of functional cardioprotective lipids warrants further investigation and valorisation.

scholarly journals Control of lateral migration and germ cell elimination by the Drosophila melanogaster lipid phosphate phosphatases Wunen and Wunen 2

2005 ◽  
Vol 171 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Sano ◽  
Andrew D. Renault ◽  
Ruth Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Axon Guidance ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Lateral Migration ◽  
Migration Process ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Lipid Phosphate ◽  
Lipid Phosphate Phosphatases ◽  
Single Cluster

In most organisms, primordial germ cells (PGCs) arise far from the region where somatic gonadal precursors (SGPs) are specified. Although PGCs in general originate as a single cluster of cells, the somatic parts of the gonad form on each site of the embryo. Thus, to reach the gonad, PGCs not only migrate from their site of origin but also split into two groups. Taking advantage of high-resolution real-time imaging, we show that in Drosophila melanogaster PGCs are polarized and migrate directionally toward the SGPs, avoiding the midline. Unexpectedly, neither PGC attractants synthesized in the SGPs nor known midline repellents for axon guidance were required to sort PGCs bilaterally. Repellent activity provided by wunen (wun) and wunen-2 (wun-2) expressed in the central nervous system, however, is essential in this migration process and controls PGC survival. Our results suggest that expression of wun/wun-2 repellents along the migratory paths provides faithful control over the sorting of PGCs into two gonads and eliminates PGCs left in the middle of the embryo.

scholarly journals Lipid phosphate phosphatases and their roles in mammalian physiology and pathology

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 2048-2060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyun Tang ◽  
Matthew G. K. Benesch ◽  
David N. Brindley
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Phosphate ◽  
Lipid Phosphate Phosphatases

Quality Characteristics of Fresh Meat from Pigs of the Gascon Breed

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sans ◽  
M. J. Andrade ◽  
S. Ventanas ◽  
J. Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Neutral And Polar Lipids

Chemical parameters involved in technological meat quality for dry cured processing of Gascon pigs were studied in longissimus dorsi (LD) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles. Muscles from Gascon pigs showed 2.60 and 2.84% of intramuscular fat content, 23.64 and 22.14% protein content and 1.34 and 4.63mg of myoglobin per gram of muscle (respectively LD and BF). Intramuscular fat (IMF) and myoglobin levels were higher than those reported for commercial pigs, but lower than those previously found in Iberian pigs. A similar situation was detected in the fatty acid composition of neutral and polar lipids of both muscles. Thus, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in neutral lipids of Gascon pig muscles (LD and BF respectively) were 58.27 and 51.98%, while polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) levels were 5.61 and 14.13% respectively; values similar to those found in Iberian pigs and quite different to usual values in commercial pig breeds. The same trend was found in polar lipids. Both muscles showed a low susceptibility to induced lipid oxidation, in agreement with their fatty acid composition. These results pointed out that meat from pigs of the Gascon breed showed optimal characteristics for dry cured processing.

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